The role of diffusion-weighted imaging on 3 tesla magnetic resonance in the clinical staging and pathological grading of clear cell renal carcinoma

Aim: To evaluate the contribution of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) to distinguish between the four clinical stages and pathological grading in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) on 3T MRI. Methods: MRI of 93 patients with histopathological diagnosis of clear cell RCC were evaluated retrospectively. Clinical stage was evaluated according to American Joint Committee on Cancer and histopathological examination was evaluated according to the Fuhrman grading system. ADC values were compared for each clinical stage and pathological grade. Results: Clinical stages were I in 51 patients (54.8%), II in 14 patients (15%), III in 15 patients (16.1%), and IV in 13 patients (13.9%). The Fuhrman grade of the patients were I in 8 (8.6%) patients, II in 55 (59.1%) patients, III in 23 (24.7%) patients and IV in 7 (7.5%) patients. Clinical stage I and Fuhrman grade I had significantly higher ADC values than all groups (p<0.001). The sensitivity was 81% and the specificity was 80.4% when the optimum cut-off value of ADC was taken as 1.41×10−3 mm2 /s to differentiate between clinical stage I and other stages (II, III, and IV) (AUC:0.910; 95CI:0.855-0.964; p<0.001). The optimum cutoff value of ADC was taken as 1.67×10−3 mm2 /s to differentiate between Fuhrman grade I and other grades (II, III and IV), the sensitivity was 88.2% and the specificity was 100% (AUC: 0.927; 95CI: 0.872- 0.983; p<0.001). Conclusions: In patients with renal mass suggestive of clear cell RCC in imaging studies; The possibility of lymph node or distant metastatic lesion should be considered in patients with an ADC of the primary tumor site less than 1.41×10−3 mm2 /s, and the presence of distant metastasis in patients with an ADC less than 1.22×10−3 mm2 /s

Effects of changes n management accountng applcatons on organzatonal performance: A research on the producton companes quoted on Bıst

İşletme yöneticilerinin alacakları kararlarda ihtiyaç duymuş oldukları finansal ve finansal olmayan bilgiler yönetim muhasebesi tarafından sağlanmaktadır. Yönetim muhasebesi bilgileri, işletme yöneticileri tarafından, planlama, kontrol, performans değerleme, performans artırımı, işletme stratejilerini uygulama ve özellikle karar alma süreçlerinde (üretim ve yatırım kararları vb.) kullanılmaktadır. Yönetim muhasebesi daha iyi kararların alınabilmesi amacıyla mevcut faaliyetlerin verimliğinin ve etkinliğinin geliştirilmesine yönelik, işletme içi karar alıcılara ve muhtelif karar destek taraflarına bilgi sağlayan bir muhasebe türüdür. İşletme yöneticilerinin karar almak için gereksinim duydukları bilgilerin işlenmemiş veri olarak toplanmasından başlayıp, ihtiyaca uygun raporların düzenlenmesine kadar işletme yöneticilerini desteklemesi hedeflenerek yürütülen tüm muhasebe çalışmaları, yönetim muhasebesini oluşturur. 19.yy'dan beri uygulanmakta olan yönetim muhasebesi uygulamalarından elde edilen bilgilerin işletme yöneticileritarafından kararların alınması konusunda önemli bir rolü bulunmakta olup, işletme içi ve işletme dışı faktörlerin etkisi ile yönetim muhasebesi uygulamalarında birçok değişim meydana gelmiş ve yeni stratejik yönetim konulmuştur.İşletmelerde performans değerlemesi önemli bir yönetim ve kontrol aracı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Performans ölçümünde ise finansal ve finansal olmayan bilgilerden birlikte faydalanılmakta olup, stratejik yönetim muhasebesi uygulamaları hem performans ölçümünde hem de işletmelerin performanslarının artırılmasında bir araç kullanılmaktadır. birçok faktör, yönetim muhasebesi uygulamalarında değişime neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, rekabetçi çevredeki değişim ile üretim teknolojilerindeki değişimin, işletmelerin yönetim muhasebeleri uygulamaları üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır.Financial and non-financial information that business executives need in their decisions is provided by management accounting. Management accounting information is used by business managers in planning, control, performance appraisal, performance enhancement, implementation of business strategies and especially in decision making processes (production and investment decisions, etc.). Management accounting is a type of accounting that provides information to internal decision makers and to various decision support parties to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of existing activities so that better decisions can be made. All accounting work carried out with the aim of supporting the business managers from the collection of the information that business managers need to make decisions as raw data to the preparation of the appropriate reports needed form the management account. The information obtained from the management accounting applications that have been in use since the 19th century has an important role to be taken by business managers and many changes have taken place in the management accounting applications with the effect of internal and external factors and new strategic management accounting tools have been developed and put into practice. Performance evaluation is used as an important management and control tool in the enterprises. In performance measurement, both financial and non-financial information are utilized together and strategic management accounting applications are used both in performance measurement and in increasing performance of enterprises. Many factors, such as changes in the competitive environment, changes in production technologies, changes in organizational structure, changes in business strategies, cause changes in management accounting practices. In this study, the change in the competitive environment and the change in production technologies and the effects on the management accounting applications of the enterprises were investigated

ÇOK ÖLÇÜTLÜ KARAR VERME YÖNTEMİ VE HEDEF PROGRAMLAMA TEKNİKLERİ İLE TEDARİKÇİ SEÇİMİ

Sert pazar koşullarının etkisini her fırsatta gösterdiği günümüzde, firmaların amacı bu zor koşullara direnip, doğru kararlar vermektir. Verilmek istenen doğru kararlardan biri de firma için uygun olan tedarikçinin seçimidir. Tedarikçi seçimi problemi, en basit ifade ile malzemelerin kimden ve ne kadar alınacağının belirlenmesi olarak tanımlanabilir. Firmalar, faaliyetlerini sürdürebilmek adına birçok tedarikçi firmayla çalışmak zorundadırlar. Tedarikçi firmaların bir grup adayın içinden seçilmesi zor bir karar problemidir. Bu çalışmada otomotiv sektöründe faaliyet gösteren bir firmanın tedarikçi seçim problemi ele alınmıştır. Problemi çözmek için hedef programlama tekniği kullanılmıştır. Ölçütlerin ağırlıklarını belirlemek için Analitik Ağ Süreci yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Analitik Ağ Süreci yönteminde 4’ü ana, 12’si alt ölçüt olmak üzere toplam 16 ölçüt satın alma departmanı uzmanları tarafından belirlenmiştir. Sonrasında SuperDecisions 2.2.6 programından yararlanılarak analitik ağ süreci için gerekli hesaplamalar yapılmıştır. Belirlenen ölçütler ışığında kurulan model LINGO 14.0 programı yardımıyla çözülmüştür ve firma için uygun tedarikçiler belirlenmiştir

Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of Theileria annulata DNA

In the past three decades, as an alternative to PCR (polymerase chain reaction) new diagnostic techniques like LAMP (loop mediated isothermal amplification) whereby target DNA can be amplified under isothermal conditions without using thermocycler have been developed. The LAMP method allows the synthesis of large amounts of DNA in a short time with high specificity and rapid and easy detection of generated products. In this study, specificity and sensitivity of LAMP method was evaluated for the detection of T. annulata in acute infected and/or carriers cattle using primer pair specifically designed to amplify merozoite surface antigen gene (Mero1), 30 kDa major merozoite surface antigen gene (Tams-1) and cytochrome b gene of T.annulata. Primer pairs with highest sensitivity were used to evaluate the applicability of LAMP to the field samples. Two LAMP primers (CYTOB1 and CYTOB341) targeting cytochrome b gene specifically amplified DNA of different T. annulata isolates successfully while no amplification was seen in other species DNAs and BL20. CYTOB1 primers detected T. annulata Ankara / D7 DNA up to 2 fg, however the detection limit of CYTOB341 was 10 fold lower. The sensitivity of CYTOB1 LAMP assay was same with F3/B3 PCR, however when compared with that of cytob1 PCR a 10 fold lower sensitivity was found. The LAMP product was confirmed by restriction digestion and sequencing. Results obtained from this study indicated that none of the designed primer pairs specific to target genes (Tams-1 and Mero1), except cytochrome b gene was able to specifically and sensitively detect different isolates of T. annulata. Consequently, it was shown that LAMP method using CYTOB1 primers is less effective than the cytob1 PCR in terms of detecting T. annulata in the field sample

M9 Anaçlı Elma Bahçelerinde Organik Yetiştiriciliğin Uygulanabilirliği

M9 anacı üzerine aşılı Williams Pride, Jonafree, Rajka ve Golden Delicious elma çeşitlerinde organik tarım uygulamaları ile konvansiyonel tarım uygulaması fenolojik özellikler, verim, kalite, hastalık ve zararlılar, hasat sonrası muhafaza, pazarlama imkanları ve maliyet bakımından karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu çalışma ile Eğirdir (Isparta) koşulları ve benzer bölgelerde organik elma yetiştiriciliğinin uygulanabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Veriler değerlendirildiğinde kümülatif verim bakımından en yüksek değer konvansiyonel yetiştiricilikte Rajka çeşidinden elde edilirken en düşük değer organik yetiştiricilikteki 3. uygulamadaki Jonafree çeşidinden elde edilmiştir. Pazarlanabilir meyve oranı bakımından hem konvansiyonel hem de organik yetiştiricilikte en yüksek değerler Rajka çeşidinden elde edilmiştir. Yapılan ekonomik analizde, 1 kg elma maliyeti organik yetiştiricilikte daha yüksek olmasına rağmen, 2008 yılı elma satış fiyatlarına göre organik elma yetiştiriciliğinin daha karlı olduğu görülmektedir

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. essential oil

Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (fennel) is a member of the Apiaceae plant family and is used as an antiinflammatory, analgesic, carminative, diuretic, and antispasmodic agent. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activities of fennel fruit extracts and essential oil [1]. There are many reports on the essential-oil composition of F. vulgare. Previously, the composition and significant antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of F. vulgare from Pakistan was reported with trans-anethole (70.1%) as the main compound [2]. An essential oil of the fruits of F. vulgare, containing trans-anethole (68.5%) and estragole (10.4%), showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus albus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella dysenteriae, and Escherichia coli [3]. In the current study, the essential oil of the aerial parts of F. vulgare was obtained by hydrodistillation (3 h). The essential-oil composition was analyzed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main components of the essential oil from the aerial parts were estragole (33.6%), limonene (24.7%), and α-pinene (19.1%). Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was investigated against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli DH5α) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. The essential oil showed a growth inhibitory activity against E. coli DH5α (69.3%), tested at 80 mg/mL. However, no activity of the oil was detected in the case of Gram-positive bacteria

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach essential oil

Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach (syn. Chrysanthemum coronarium L.) is a member of the Asteraceae plant family which has extensive edible, folk medicinal, insecticidal uses. Previously, an essential oil of flowerheads of C. coronarium from Spain was reported to contain camphor (29.2%), α-pinene (14.8%), β-pinene (9.5%), and lyratyl acetate (9.8%). The oil was shown to possess significant antifungal activity [1]. Also, the essential-oil composition and antimicrobial properties of C. coronarium from Ukraine were investigated. The major constituents were found to be chrysanthemyl acetate (24.4%), chrysanthemol (21.8%), chrysanthenyl acetate (7.6%), camphor (7.3%), β-farnesene (5.9%), and α-bisabolol (5.6%). An ethanolic extract of the plant showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria. [2]. Biological activities of the essential oil of C. coronarium from Jordan were also reported. The essential oil showed a significant antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Also, the oil showed moderate antioxidant activity, weak acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory and potent antiproliferative activities [3]. In the current study, the essential oil of the aerial parts of G. coronaria was obtained by hydrodistillation (3 h). The essential-oil composition was analyzed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main components of the essential oil from the aerial parts were capillene (54.5%) and caryophyllene oxide (9.8%). The current composition differed from the previously reported ones. Thus, G. coronaria originating from Istanbul belongs to a new chemotype of this species. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of the oil was investigated against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli DH5α) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. The essential oil showed a growth-inhibitory activity against E. coli (53.3%) and S. aureus (17.1%), tested at 75 mg/mL. The antimicrobial effects of the essential oil were more pronounced against Gram-negative bacteria

Comparative analysis of the potential effect of phase I therapy on gingival crevicular fluid myeloperoxidase levels in non-diabetic and diabetic patients with periodontitis

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of periodontal therapy on clinical parameters as well as on myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and of systemically healthy individuals.Materials and Methods: 24 type 2 DM patients subjects, and 21 systemically healthy individuals, both groups with chronic periodontitis, and systemically and periodontally healthy individuals were enrolled. Periodontal clinical parameters, namely periodontal probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival bleeding time index (GBI), as well as GCF MPO activity, were assessed before and 3 months after non-surgical periodontal therapy. GCF enzyme activity was spectrophotometrically analyzed. Possible correlation between clinical periodontal status and MPO activity was also evaluated.Results: Despite the relatively stable clinical measures and GCF MPO content in the periodontally-healthy subjects, the clinical periodontal status improved, as significant reductions were observed in all of the clinical parameters in periodontitis patients with and without diabetes (p&lt;0.05). GCF MPO activity presented with significant reductions in both of the periodontally-diseased groups after phase I treatment (p&lt;0.05), however it could not reach to the level of periodontal health (p&lt;0.05).Conclusions: Periodontal inflammation is likely to play the major role in the higher MPO activity observed at diseased sites, while diabetes mellitus do not seem to further increase the production of this enzyme. Periodontal treatment can provide successful improvement in clinical periodontal parameters and reduction in enzyme profile of GCF in diabetics

Effects of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on the metabolic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients

ABSTRACT Objective: The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the control of diabetes mellitus in patients are largely unknown. In this study we aimed to analyze the impact of the pandemic and the ensuing lockdown on the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects and methods: A total of 7,321patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (4,501 from the pre-pandemic period, 2,820 from the post-pandemic period) were studied retrospectively. Results: The admission of patients with diabetes melitus (DM) decreased significantly during the pandemic (4,501 pre-pandemic vs. 2,820 post-pandemic; p < 0.001). The mean age of patients was statistically lower (51.5 ± 14.0 vs. 49.7 ± 14.5 years; p < 0.001), and the mean glycated hemoglobin (A1c) level was significantly higher (7.9% ± 2.4% vs. 7.3% ± 1.7%; p < 0.001) in the post-pandemic period than in the pre-pandemic. The female/male ratio was similar in both periods (59.9%/40.1% for pre-pandemic, 58.6%/41.4% for post-pandemic; p = 0.304). As calculated by month the pre-pandemic rate of women was higher only in January (53.1% vs. 60.6%, p = 0.02). Mean A1c levels were higher in the postpandemic period than in the same month of the previous year, excluding July and October (p = 0.001 for November, p < 0.001 for others). Postpandemic patients admitted to the outpatient clinic were significantly younger than prepandemic visits for July (p = 0.001), August (p < 0.001) and December (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The lockdown had detrimental effects on blood sugar management in patients with DM. Hence, diet and exercise programs should be adapted to home conditions, and social and psychological support should be provided to patients with DM