Trayectoria laboral e incapacidad permanente : análisi de los años de vida laboral perdidos : Un estudio basado en la Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales (MCVL) de la Seguridad Social

En un contexto de envejecimiento de la población activa y de implantación de medidas de retraso de la jubilación, la presente tesis estudia la relación entre las condiciones de empleo a través de las trayectorias laborales y la salida prematura del mercado de trabajo por incapacidad permanente (IP). La IP es un fenómeno que pone en crisis la sostenibilidad del sistema de protección social y debilita el mercado de trabajo. Los resultados, basados en el análisis de la Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales (MCVL), muestran que factores como la ocupación y las características de las trayectorias laborales en términos de flexibilidad e inseguridad influyen en el abandono definitivo de la vida laboral activa. Las categorías de trabajadores no cualificadas (en especial las manuales) y las trayectorias laborales caracterizadas por una alta inseguridad y una alta flexibilidad, presentan en mayor medida un abandono prematuro del mercado de trabajo, medido en términos de Años Potenciales de Vida laboral perdidos (APVLP). Sin embargo, hemos observado que en términos de estos APVLP, las trayectorias caracterizadas por una alta flexibilidad, compensada con una baja inseguridad, suponen un retraso en la salida prematura del mercado de trabajo por IP. Una política de relaciones laborales que favorezca la flexiseguridad puede ayudar a retrasar la salida prematura del mercado de trabajo.In a context of active population ageing and implementation of policies to postpone retirement, this thesis examines the relationship between employment conditions through labor market trajectories and early retirement due to permanent disability (PD). This phenomenon puts a strain on the sustainability of the social protection system and weakens the labor market. Results based on the Continuous Working Life Sample (CWLS) show that factors, as the occupation and labor market trajectories characteristics in terms of flexibility and insecurity, influence on the definitive cessation of active working life. Non qualified occupational categories (especially manual categories) and those labor market trajectories characterized by high insecurity and high flexibility show to a greatest extent an early retirement measured by potential years of working life lost (PYWLL). However, we have observed that in terms of these PYWLL, labor market trajectories characterized by high flexibility, compensated by low insecurity, involve a delay in the early retirement due to PD. Labor relations policies that promote flexicurity can help to delay early retirement from the labor market

Tendencia temporal de la incapacidad laboral permanente en España (1992-2010)

Fundamentos: La incapacidad permanente (IP) es un problema de salud laboral en el que intervienen factores laborales, sanitarios o legales, los cuales han variado en España a lo largo de los últimos años. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir la tendencia temporal de la IP en España desde 1992 a 2010 por gravedad de la incapacidad y diferentes variables sociodemográficas y de afiliación a la seguridad social. Métodos: A partir de los datos de la Seguridad Social sobre afiliación y altas de IP en España se describió la tendencia temporal de la incidencia anual de la IP en el periodo comprendido entre 1992 y 2010. Para valorar las tendencias se estimó el porcentaje de cambio anual (PCA) y el intervalo de confianza al 95% mediante un modelo de regresión binomial negativa. Resultados: La tendencia de la incidencia de IP se subdividió en tres periodos. El primero (1992 a 1997) presentó una incidencia aproximadamente constante de 75 casos por 10.000 trabajadores (PCA1= -0,1; IC 95%:-1,6 a 1,4). Seguidamente las tasas descendieron durante un período de tres años (PCA2:-12,1%; IC 95%:-13,9 a -10,4), situándose alrededor de 50 nuevos casos por 10.000 trabajadores en el año 2000. A partir de este año la incidencia de IP se mantuvo aproximadamente constante hasta el año 2010 (PCA3=0,4; IC 95%:-0,2 a 1,0). Conclusiones: A pesar del incremento de trabajadores afiliados a la seguridad social en el periodo estudiado, la incidencia de IP se mantiene bastante estable, con un descenso entre 1997 y 2000 que se podría atribuir a las medidas de evaluación y seguimiento de las IP adoptados en 1995

Tendencia temporal de la incapacidad laboral permanente en España (1992-2010)

Fundamentos: La incapacidad permanente (IP) es un problema de salud laboral en el que intervienen factores laborales, sanitarios o legales, los cuales han variado en España a lo largo de los últimos años. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir la tendencia temporal de la IP en España desde 1992 a 2010 por gravedad de la incapacidad y diferentes variables sociodemográficas y de afiliación a la seguridad social. Métodos: A partir de los datos de la Seguridad Social sobre afiliación y altas de IP en España se describió la tendencia temporal de la incidencia anual de la IP en el periodo comprendido entre 1992 y 2010. Para valorar las tendencias se estimó el porcentaje de cambio anual (PCA) y el intervalo de confianza al 95% mediante un modelo de regresión binomial negativa. Resultados: La tendencia de la incidencia de IP se subdividió en tres periodos. El primero (1992 a 1997) presentó una incidencia aproximadamente constante de 75 casos por 10.000 trabajadores (PCA1= -0,1; IC 95%:-1,6 a 1,4). Seguidamente las tasas descendieron durante un período de tres años (PCA2:-12,1%; IC 95%:-13,9 a -10,4), situándose alrededor de 50 nuevos casos por 10.000 trabajadores en el año 2000. A partir de este año la incidencia de IP se mantuvo aproximadamente constante hasta el año 2010 (PCA3=0,4; IC 95%:-0,2 a 1,0). Conclusiones: A pesar del incremento de trabajadores afiliados a la seguridad social en el periodo estudiado, la incidencia de IP se mantiene bastante estable, con un descenso entre 1997 y 2000 que se podría atribuir a las medidas de evaluación y seguimiento de las IP adoptados en 1995

Satellite cells and markers of muscle regeneration during unloading and reloading: effects of treatment with resveratrol and curcumin

We hypothesized that treatment with pharmacological agents known to increase sirtuin-1 activity (resveratrol and curcumin) may enhance muscle regeneration. In limb muscles of mice (C57BL/6J, 10 weeks) exposed to reloading for seven days following a seven-day period of hindlimb immobilization with/without curcumin or resveratrol treatment, progenitor muscle cell numbers (FACS), satellite cell subtypes (histology), early and late muscle regeneration markers, phenotype and morphometry, sirtuin-1 activity and content, and muscle function were assessed. Treatment with either resveratrol or curcumin in immobilized muscles elicited a significant improvement in numbers of progenitor, activated, quiescent, and total counts of muscle satellite cells, compared to non-treated animals. Treatment with either resveratrol or curcumin in reloaded muscles compared to non-treated mice induced a significant improvement in the CSA of both hybrid (curcumin) and fast-twitch fibers (resveratrol), sirtuin-1 activity (curcumin), sirtuin-1 content (resveratrol), and counts of progenitor muscle cells (resveratrol). Treatment with the pharmacological agents resveratrol and curcumin enhanced the numbers of satellite cells (muscle progenitor, quiescent, activated, and total satellite cells) in the unloaded limb muscles but not in the reloaded muscles. These findings have potential clinical implications as treatment with these phenolic compounds would predominantly be indicated during disuse muscle atrophy to enhance the muscle regeneration process

Attenuation of muscle damage, structural abnormalities, and physical activity in respiratory and limb muscles following treatment with rucaparib in lung cancer cachexia mice

Overactivation of poly (ADPribose) polymerases (PARPs) is involved in cancer-induced cachexia. We hypothesized that the PARP inhibitor rucaparib may improve muscle mass and reduce damage in cancer cachexia mice. In mouse diaphragm and gastrocnemius (LP07 lung adenocarcinoma) treated with PARP inhibitor (rucaparib,150 mg/kg body weight/24 h for 20 days) and in non-tumor control animals, body, muscle, and tumor weights; tumor area; limb muscle strength; physical activity; muscle structural abnormalities, damage, and phenotype; PARP activity; and proteolytic and autophagy markers were quantified. In cancer cachexia mice compared to non-cachexia controls, body weight and body weight gain, muscle weight, limb strength, physical activity, and muscle fiber size significantly declined, while levels of PARP activity, plasma troponin I, muscle damage, and proteolytic and autophagy markers increased. Treatment with the PARP inhibitor rucaparib elicited a significant improvement in body weight gain, tumor size and weight, physical activity, muscle damage, troponin I, and proteolytic and autophagy levels. PARP pharmacological inhibition did not exert any significant improvements in muscle weight, fiber size, or limb muscle strength. Treatment with rucaparib, however, improved muscle damage and structural abnormalities and physical activity in cancer cachexia mice. These findings suggest that rucaparib exerts its beneficial effects on cancer cachexia performance through the restoration of muscle structure.Project “FI19/00001” funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and co-funded by the European Union. María Pérez-Peiró was a recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from FIS Contratos Predoctorales de Formación en Investigación en Salud. The current research has been supported by project FIS 18/00075 funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and co-funded by the European Union and CIBERES 2021 funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; Spanish Respiratory Society (SEPAR), SEPAR 2018. The Yélamos lab is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grant PID2020-112526RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)

Social security status and mortality in Belgian and Spanish male workers.

OBJECTIVE: To assess differences in mortality rates between social security statuses in two independent samples of Belgian and Spanish male workers. METHODS: Study of two retrospective cohorts (Belgium, n=23,607; Spain, n=44,385) of 50-60 year old male employees with 4 years of follow-up. Mortality rate ratios (MRR) were estimated using Poisson regression models. RESULTS: Mortality for subjects with permanent disability was higher than for the employed, for both Belgium [MRR=4.56 (95% CI: 2.88-7.21)] and Spain [MRR=7.15 (95% CI: 5.37-9.51)]. For the unemployed/early retirees, mortality was higher in Spain [MRR=1.64 (95% CI: 1.24-2.17)] than in Belgium [MRR=0.88 (95% CI: 0.46-1.71)]. CONCLUSION: MRR differences between Belgium and Spain for unemployed workers could be partly explained because of differences between the two social security systems. Future studies should further explore mortality differences between countries with different social security systems.This work was supported by grants from the Instituto Salud Carlos III-FEDER (FIS PI14/00057), the Spanish National Health Institute Carlos III (FIS 08/0914 and FIS 11/01470), the CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health and the Research Foundation Flanders (G036816N)

Diagnostic accuracy of non-melanocytic pink flat skin lesions on the legs: dermoscopic and reflectance confocal microscopy evaluation

Pink flat skin lesions on the legs in elderly people represent a diagnostic challenge due to the paucity of clinical and dermoscopic evidence. A prospective study of 114 pink flat lesions on the legs of 85 elderly patients was performed to describe the utility of reflectance confocal microscopy in this clinical context. Evaluation of clinical, dermoscopic and confocal parameters and calculation of diagnostic accuracy/sensitivity/specificity for non-melanoma skin cancer diagnosis of each technique were carried out. Thirty-four benign and 80 malignant neoplasms were analysed. A correct clinical diagnosis was established in 49.1% of cases (sensitivity 68.7%, specificity 73.5%). Dermoscopy achieved 59.6% correct diagnosis (sensitivity 85%, specificity 67.6%) and confocal microscopy evaluation after clinical and dermoscopic evaluation rendered a correct diagnosis in 85.1% of cases (sensitivity 97.5%, specificity 88.2%). Confocal microscopy may improve diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity as a secondary evaluation after dermoscopy. A diagnostic confocal algorithm for pink flat lesions on the legs is proposed

The value of using administrative data in public health research: the continuous working life Sample

La utilización de datos administrativos es práctica habitual en la investigación en salud pública. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la Muestra continua de vidas laborales (MCVL) y su utilidad en la investigación en salud. La MCVL está construida sobre registros que generan todos los contactos con la Seguridad Social (laborales, incapacidades, etc.), más datos fiscales (percepciones dinerarias, ingresos, etc.) y del padrón (nivel educativo, país de nacimiento, etc.), sin que sea posible la identificación individual. La MCVL se inició en 2004 con el 4% (1,1 millón de personas) del total de población cotizante o perceptora de la Seguridad Social. Los datos de las personas que forman parte de la MCVL son actualizados anualmente, y se sustituyen las bajas producidas. Este diseño continuo permite generar una cohorte con información de la vida laboral y económica, y valorar su asociación con la incapacidad laboral. El supuesto de conexión con la historia clínica posibilitaría el análisis de otros resultados de salud

COVID-19 vaccination coverage and vaccine hesitancy among people with opioid use disorder in Barcelona, Spain

Introduction: people with substance use disorders are considered a priority group for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination as they are at elevated risk of COVID-19 and its severe complications. However, data are scarce about vaccination coverage in a real-world setting. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in people with opioid use disorder (OUD) from three public centres for outpatient drug addiction treatment in Barcelona, Spain, who received brief medical advice and were referred to vaccination clinic sites. Results: three hundred and sixty-two individuals were included: 277 (77%) were men with a mean age of 48.1 ± 8.9 years and 77% were Spanish. Most (90%) participants engaged in polysubstance use and all individuals were on opioid agonist therapy. Psychiatric comorbidity was present in 56% subjects and 32% individuals had ≥1 chronic disease, 30% had HIV and 13% hepatitis C. There were 258 fully vaccinated individuals (71%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 67, 76). Age (odds ratio [OR] 1.04; 95% CI 1.01, 1.08; P < 0.01) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR 1.67; 95% CI 1.11, 2.5; P < 0.01) were associated with full vaccination. The vaccination hesitancy causes cited were complacency (53, 51%), convenience (40, 39%) and confidence (11, 10%). Discussion and conclusions: more than two-thirds of our sample of people with OUD were fully vaccinated. Complacency and convenience represented a significant barrier to complete vaccination among people with OUD on opioid agonist therapy referred to vaccination clinic sites. Additional measures are necessary to increase vaccination, especially for younger individuals and those with less medical comorbidity. Integrating vaccination services in drug outpatient centres could be a useful alternative

Iron depletion in systemic and muscle compartments defines a specific phenotype of severe COPD in female and male patients: Implications in exercise tolerance

We hypothesized that iron content and regulatory factors, which may be involved in exercise tolerance, are differentially expressed in systemic and muscle compartments in iron deficient severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. In the vastus lateralis and blood of severe COPD patients with/without iron depletion, iron content and regulators, exercise capacity, and muscle function were evaluated in 40 severe COPD patients: non-iron deficiency (NID) and iron deficiency (ID) (20 patients/group). In ID compared to NID patients, exercise capacity, muscle iron and ferritin content, serum transferrin saturation, hepcidin-25, and hemojuvelin decreased, while serum transferrin and soluble transferrin receptor and muscle IRP-1 and IRP-2 increased. Among all COPD, a significant positive correlation was detected between FEV1 and serum transferrin saturation. In ID patients, significant positive correlations were detected between serum ferritin, hepcidin, and muscle iron content and exercise tolerance and between muscle IRP-2 and serum ferritin and hepcidin levels. In ID severe COPD patients, iron content and its regulators are differentially expressed. A potential crosstalk between systemic and muscle compartments was observed in the ID patients. Lung function and exercise capacity were associated with several markers of iron metabolism regulation. Iron status should be included in the overall assessment of COPD patients given its implications in their exercise performance