The regulator-regulatee interaction : insights taken from a risk-laden business firm

The viewpoint taken in this paper is to give a description of the interaction between regulators and regulated organisations, built on an empirical case-study in the French chemical industry

Learning from Objects: the use of advanced numerical methods to exploit a complete set of information from experimental data, for the Mona Lisa’s Digital-Twin

International audienceThe approach to wooden artefacts of historical importance, and panel paintings in particular, is a task that requires a multidisciplinary approach based on experimental observation of the artwork and advanced techniques to make these data actually useful for the knowledge and preservation of the object. This study illustrates how a series of scientific observations and instrumental analyses can be used to construct a numerical simulation that allows a deeper understanding of the physical structure and behaviour of the object itself, namely to construct a hygro-mechanical predictive model (a “Digital-Twin”) of Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa panel. Based on specific request from the Louvre Museum, a group of experts with different and complementary skills cooperated and are still cooperating to construct a complete set of experimental observation and non-invasive tests; so, the integration of the collected data made the construction possible of the panel’s Digital-Twin. This paper also specifically examines how the Digital-Twin can be used to compare two framing conditions of the panel; although the two experimental configurations are not inherently comparable, the comparison is made possible by the introduction of a technique of projection of the fields obtained as results of the two analyses, named the Projected Model Comparison (PMC), which has been developed specifically for this research

The Past, Present, and Future of the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS)

The Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) is a community-driven standard for the organization of data and metadata from a growing range of neuroscience modalities. This paper is meant as a history of how the standard has developed and grown over time. We outline the principles behind the project, the mechanisms by which it has been extended, and some of the challenges being addressed as it evolves. We also discuss the lessons learned through the project, with the aim of enabling researchers in other domains to learn from the success of BIDS.Development of the BIDS Standard has been supported by the International Neuroinformatics Coordinating Facility, Laura and John Arnold Foundation, National Institutes of Health (R24MH114705, R24MH117179, R01MH126699, R24MH117295, P41EB019936, ZIAMH002977, R01MH109682, RF1MH126700, R01EB020740), National Science Foundation (OAC-1760950, BCS-1734853, CRCNS-1429999, CRCNS-1912266), Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF20OC0063277), French National Research Agency (ANR-19-DATA-0023, ANR 19-DATA-0021), Digital Europe TEF-Health (101100700), EU H2020 Virtual Brain Cloud (826421), Human Brain Project (SGA2 785907, SGA3 945539), European Research Council (Consolidator 683049), German Research Foundation (SFB 1436/425899996), SFB 1315/327654276, SFB 936/178316478, SFB-TRR 295/424778381), SPP Computational Connectomics (RI 2073/6-1, RI 2073/10-2, RI 2073/9-1), European Innovation Council PHRASE Horizon (101058240), Berlin Institute of Health & Foundation Charité, Johanna Quandt Excellence Initiative, ERAPerMed Pattern-Cog, and the Virtual Research Environment at the Charité Berlin – a node of EBRAINS Health Data Cloud.N

The past, present, and future of the Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS)

The Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) is a community-driven standard for the organization of data and metadata from a growing range of neuroscience modalities. This paper is meant as a history of how the standard has developed and grown over time. We outline the principles behind the project, the mechanisms by which it has been extended, and some of the challenges being addressed as it evolves. We also discuss the lessons learned through the project, with the aim of enabling researchers in other domains to learn from the success of BIDS

Is it time, in the process industry, to question the limits of safety audits ?

International audienceMany major accidents in the past ten years in the process industry have been challenging industry, regulators but also public's confidence about our ability to prevent them (e.g. Toulouse, 2001, Billy Berclau, 2003, Ghislenghien, 2004, Texas City, 2005, Buncefield, 2005, Macondo,2010, Pembroke, 2011). This abstract intends therefore to provide a critical perspective to the question addressed in the call 'How do I know that I am not going to have a major accident tomorrow?' This question has, in the literature, almost a thirty years old history. It was indeed Perrow's contention that 'normal accidents' could occur from time to time, despite all preventive measures, due the levels of complexity and coupling of certain kind of high risk systems (Perrow, 1984).His approach was very much technological, or structural, leaving not much space in his interpretation to understand the part played by actors, organisations and institutions in the genesis of technological catastrophes. Thus, a sociologist like Vaughan (1996) has been able to extend Perrow's argument, using Turner's incubation framework (Turner, 1978) in order to show that complex socio technical systems could fruitfully be analysed from a historical, dynamic and systemic point of view. Her study of NASA Challenger's accident has become a landmark in the fields of both social and safety sciences

Traitement et analyse d'images pour la mesure de grandeurs cinematiques, deplacements et deformations a partir de la granularite laser et de reseaux croises, et pour l'etude de couplages thermomecaniques

SIGLEAvailable from INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : TD 82246 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Prise en compte des facteurs humains et organisationnels dans la prévention du risque industriel majeur : expérience tirée d'un travail pluridisciplinaire

National audienc

Globalisation et prévention des risques industriels majeurs : Eclairage à partir de situations empiriques

Cette communication s’inscrit dans un travail de recherche portant sur l’articulation entre sécurité industrielle et globalisation (Le Coze, 2016, 2017, 2018). Elle a pour but de fournir des éléments de cadrage pour penser cette articulation,à la fois à partir d’apports théoriques et d’illustrations empiriques tirés de nos terrains d’enquêtes dans la chimie. Pourquoi s’intéresser aux liens entre globalisation et sécurité industrielle ? Tout d’abord, les modèles classiques de sécurité industrielle hérités de la constitution de ce champ dans les dernières décennies du 20ème siècle font peu de cas de la thématique de la globalisation (Le Coze, 2016). Qu’ils soient plus académiques (Turner, 1978, Perrow, 1984, Vaughan, 1996) ou plus orientés vers la pratique (Reason, 1997, Weick et al, 1999, Hopkins, 1999), ceux-ci ne font pas écho aux macro transformations des trente dernières années telles que décrite dans les travaux et débats sur la globalisation qui sont publiés au tournant du 21ème siècle (e.g. Habermas, 1998, Giddens, 2000, Castells, 2001). Cette situation n’est pas surprenante car ces modèles sont les produits des recherches des années 1980 et 1990, une période où la globalisation n’est pas encore au coeur de la production scientifique des sciences sociales (Le Coze, 2017). Devons-nous réviser ces cadres et modèles ? Les cadres hérités des années 1980 et 1990 sont-ils toujours pertinents ? La réponse peut sembler évidente au vu des nombreuses transformations des dernières décennies et il apparait qu’un effort dans cette direction est en effet incontournable. Une investigation dans ce sens doit reposer sur combinaison de points de vue empirique et théorique. Etant donné la très grande complexité du sujet, il n’existe pas une mais plusieurs options pour penser et avancer dans l’articulation entre globalisation et sécurité industrielle