EFFECT OF JATROPHA BIODIESEL BLEND TO EFFICIENCY VOLUMETRIC OF DIRECT INJECTION DIESEL ENGINE

Problems oil reserves are dwindling caused the crisis, the effects of the crisis has been felt in the last few years. It encourages researchers to participate in developing renewable fuels. This study, try blend Biosolar Pertamina with jatropha biodiesel. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the composition of jatropha into Pertamina Biosolar to volumetric efficiency of direct injection diesel engine 4- stroke, 4-cylinder with a cylinder volume is 2.8 liters. The composition of the fuel for the experiment is D100 ( Biosolar Pertamina 100% ) ; D90J10 ( Biosolar 90% Jatropha 10%) ; D80J20 ( Biosolar Pertamina 80% Jatropha 20%) dan D70J30 ( Biosolar 70% Jatropha 30% ). The method used is experiment. Results of the study are (1) Effect increase the percentage of biodiesel jatropha to engine diesel power is the power at all loads to be decreased. Values drop in brake power at each of the largest load variation occurs in the mixture D70J30 with a value decline of 0.75%, 5.28%, 10.37% and 9.85% of the power with fuel D100. (2) Effects of jatropha biodiesel percentage increase also resulted in torque at all loads going down. the lowest decline in every variation is incurred on fuel D70J30 brake power is calculated from the value D100, with a value decline of 0.74%, 5.02%, 9.40%, and 8.96%. (3) Effect throughout the fuel mixture of the volumetric efficiency of diesel engines is causing decreased volumetric efficiency, the biggest decline was 6.33%, 6.61%, 6.33%, and 6.19% in the fuel D80J20 volumetric efficiency is calculated from the value D100. Suggested solutions to overcome the problems of a decrease in volumetric efficiency is by placing the intake valve settings, so that when air intake into the cylinders could be longer and with the modification that with the addition of a supercharger or turbocharger, more preferably also added intercooler

The Determinants of Foreclosures for Single-Family Homes in the United States

What are the key determinants causing the current record number of foreclosures? To answer this, the study will use the most recent national foreclosure data and attempt to find a model with results that can be interpreted to suggest potential policy implications

Extraction of metal sensitizers under physiologically relevant conditions

Metal and metal alloys are critical components of high-tech applications. Beryllium (Be), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni) are among the most economically important metals for high-tech applications because of their extraordinary physical properties. These metals pose two different problems for workers who work with them: (1) allergic contact dermatitis from exposure to Cr and Ni, which is widely accepted to account for a significant percentage of occupational skin irritations and (2) possible systemic sensitization from skin contact with airborne Be. Proper assessment of skin contact with allergenic metals during work is difficult. Current practices for the assessment of skin exposure are to either remove a sample of material from the skin surface or to intercept a sample of the material using a substrate such as cotton gloves or cloth patches. Upon collection, the metal content of the sample is dissolved completely using strong acids, followed by analysis using atomic spectroscopy. While this analytical approach is chemically valid (i.e., nitric acid and hydrochloric acid to dissolve beryllium, (NMAM 7303), a major shortcoming of this approach is that the masses of metals are reported without consideration of the bioaccessible (i.e., available for absorption) form and mass. The bioaccessible (water-soluble) form of these metals is of utmost concern because it is the form that can be readily absorbed through the upper layer of the skin and into the immunologically-active layer of the epidermis. This study investigated the extraction of bioaccessible forms of Be, Cr, and NI under physiologically relevant conditions as an alternative to acid-assisted digestion procedures in current use. Simulated human sweat was used to extract and quantify Be, Cr, and Ni metals in their bioaccessible forms. Specifically, this study evaluated the influence of simulated sweat contact time and skin temperature on the dissolution of Be, Cr, and Ni powders. Results from this study will be used to define the optimal simulated human sweat conditions for the dissolution of metal sensitizers into their bioaccessible forms for exposure assessment

Cycle decomposition for integral current homology

A standard graph theoretical result states that every element of the cycle space of a graph has a cycle decomposition. Georgakopoulos expands this result to a primitive decomposition and minimal representation of each element in a modified 1-dimensional singular homology. We modify the m-dimensional integral current homology in order to ensure a primitive decomposition for each element

FCNC Processes in the Littlest Higgs Model with T-Parity: an Update

We update our 2006-2007 results for FCNC processes in the Littlest Higgs model with T-parity (LHT). The removal of the logarithmic UV cutoff dependence in our previous results through a new contribution to the Z^0-penguin diagrams identified by Goto et al. and del Aguila et al., while making the deviations from the SM expectations in the quark sector less spectacular, still allows for sizable new physics effects in K -> pi nu anti-nu and K_L -> pi^0 l^+ l^- decays and in the CP-asymmetry S_{psi phi} with the latter unaffected by the new contribution. We extend our analysis by a study of the fine-tuning required to fit the data on epsilon_K and by the inclusion of the decay K_L -> mu^+ mu^-. A number of correlations can distinguish this model from the custodially protected Randall-Sundrum model analysed recently. We also reconsider lepton flavour violating decays, including now a discussion of fine-tuning. While the l_i -> l_j gamma decays are unaffected by the removal of the logarithmic cutoff dependence, the branching ratios for decays with three leptons in the final state, like mu -> 3 e are lowered by almost an order of magnitude. In spite of this, the pattern of lepton flavour violation in the LHT model can still be distinguished from the one in supersymmetric models.Comment: 30 pages, 14 figures, 5 tables. Clarifying comments added, matches published versio

Charged Lepton Flavour Violation and (g-2)_mu in the Littlest Higgs Model with T-Parity: a clear Distinction from Supersymmetry

We calculate the rates for the charged lepton flavour violating decays l_i -> l_j gamma, tau -> l pi, tau -> l eta, tau -> l eta', mu^- -> e^- e^+ e^-, the six three body leptonic decays tau^- -> l_i^- l_j^+ l_k^- and the rate for mu-e conversion in nuclei in the Littlest Higgs model with T-Parity (LHT). We also calculate the rates for K_{L,S} -> mu e, K_{L,S} -> pi^0 mu e and B_{d,s} -> l_i l_j. We find that the relative effects of mirror leptons in these transitions are by many orders of magnitude larger than analogous mirror quark effects in rare K and B decays analyzed recently. In particular, in order to suppress the mu -> e gamma and mu^- -> e^- e^+ e^- decay rates and the mu-e conversion rate below the experimental upper bounds, the relevant mixing matrix in the mirror lepton sector V_Hl must be rather hierarchical, unless the spectrum of mirror leptons is quasi-degenerate. We find that the pattern of the LFV branching ratios in the LHT model differs significantly from the one encountered in the MSSM, allowing in a transparent manner to distinguish these two models with the help of LFV processes. We also calculate (g-2)_mu and find the new contributions to a_mu below 10^{-10} and consequently negligible. We compare our results with those present in the literature.Comment: 57 pages, 19 figures, 3 tables. Note added on the omitted term in Z-penguin contribution. For an updated analysis see arXiv:0906.545

THE USING OF CAI-BASED LEARNING MEDIA IN THE FORM OF TUTORIAL VIDEO FOR THE SUBJECT USING MEASUREMENT DEVICES IN THE TENTH GRADE OF TKR SMK KARSA MULYA PALANGKA RAYA 2014/2015

The low students study results in the learning activity using mechanic measurement devices is a background of the problem, caused by teacher’s teaching method is still using a conventional approach which is just a verbal lecture without using computer media, it can be seen from student’s low study results. This research aims to find out the level of students’ comprehention on the subject material with the number student of 30. The research is designed in three stages which are pretest stage, learning stage, and post test stage. Data collecting method to be used are documentation, dan test method. Instruments to be used are test and questionnaire. This research is a descriptive research that had been done on the tenth grade student of TKR SMK Karsa Mulya Palangka Raya tahun ajaran 2014/2015. The student achievement level reached 83,4%. It means that learning process using tutorial video on the subject material Using mechanic measurement devices is achieved as per the achievement level criteria of learning process which is 80-100%. It can be concluded that learning model CAI (Computer Assistance Instruction) in the form of tutorial video can be used as an alternative in delivering subject material Using the mechanic measurement devices

ANALYSIS OF THE QUALITY LEARNING BASED STUDENTS PERCEPTIONS AND EXPECTATIONS IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION PROGRAM PALANGKA RAYA UNIVERSITY

Study program of mechanical engineering education (PSPTM) as an education organization needs to improve its learning quality. In this study, students will also be included to give input so that PSPTM management will be able to determine a strategy change in order to be better and the results to be accepted by the management and the students. The assessment from students is treated as a response to the difference between the rate of expectation and the real level of performance that has been previously perceived. This study is also used the seven dimensions of quality of learning such as the course objectives, lectures, the course structure, learning activities, lectures, companion (assistant) and evaluation. The results of the study by measuring student’s expectations and perceptions using Importance Performance Analysis obtain quality indicator P13 with suitability value 62.2% are quite well, P16 indicator with a value of 71.2% suitability value is also quite good, P18 indicator with a value of 78.4% with satisfactory grades, had a good assessment in practice and needs to be maintained