TermEval 2020 : shared task on automatic term extraction using the Annotated Corpora for term Extraction Research (ACTER) dataset

The TermEval 2020 shared task provided a platform for researchers to work on automatic term extraction (ATE) with the same dataset: the Annotated Corpora for Term Extraction Research (ACTER). The dataset covers three languages (English, French, and Dutch) and four domains, of which the domain of heart failure was kept as a held-out test set on which final f1-scores were calculated. The aim was to provide a large, transparent, qualitatively annotated, and diverse dataset to the ATE research community, with the goal of promoting comparative research and thus identifying strengths and weaknesses of various state-of-the-art methodologies. The results show a lot of variation between different systems and illustrate how some methodologies reach higher precision or recall, how different systems extract different types of terms, how some are exceptionally good at finding rare terms, or are less impacted by term length. The current contribution offers an overview of the shared task with a comparative evaluation, which complements the individual papers by all participants

Dépouillement terminologique assisté par ordinateur de sites Web spécialisés

Nous pouvons tous constater quotidiennement que l’importance d’Internet grandit sans cesse. De nombreux sites traitant de domaines spécialisés sont intéressants du point de vue du terminologue, mais n’ont pas encore fait l’objet d’un dépouillement terminologique. Certains domaines, comme celui de la réservation en ligne, dont les réalisations sont majoritairement électroniques, ne peuvent être dépouillés qu’en faisant appel à une batterie d’outils spécialisés. Dans l’élaboration d’un lexique portant sur le domaine de la « réservation en ligne », réalisé conjointement avec l’Office québécois de la langue française et Amex Canada Inc., nous avons adapté les méthodes de travail traditionnelles afin de pouvoir récupérer et exploiter les données contenues sur la Toile. Dans cet article, nous présenterons d’abord les particularités du domaine à l’étude et la méthodologie utilisée pour mener à bien notre démarche, puis nous analyserons les impacts qu’une telle démarche pourrait avoir sur le travail des terminologues.Every day, we can witness the growing importance of Internet. A substantial amount of Web sites host interesting terminological information dealing with specialised subjects but have yet to be the object of a literature search. The online booking field, to name but one of many subject areas whose realizations are mainly on the Internet, can only be searched by using an array of specialised tools. During the development of a glossary on e-booking, jointly achieved with the Office québécois de la langue française and Amex Canada Inc., we adapted the traditional work process methods to retrieve and manage data found on the Web. In this article, we will start by presenting the distinctiveness of our field of study and the methodology we used to complete our method. We will then analyse the impact such an approach can have on the terminologists’ work

Acquisition automatique des termes : l'utilisation des pivots lexicaux spécialisés

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal

Carboxylic acid sorption on synthetic clays in marine water: in vitro experiments and implications for organo-clay behaviour under marine conditions

International audienceIn order to investigate the role of clay minerals in organic matter preservation, the fixation of pure organic compounds on two synthetic low- and high-charge saponites was investigated in laboratory experiments simulating marine water conditions. The clays were exposed to four carboxylic acids: pentadecanoic, docosanoic, 5β-cholanic acid and ursolic, dissolved in treated natural sea water. Characterization of the resulting organo-clay association indicates that, under marine water column conditions, the organic fixation is only a sorption process, no intercalation being observed. The surface coverage, similar for the two clays (ca. 0.04 mg organic carbon m-2), demonstrates that the sorption is controlled by the surface properties of clays rather than their cation exchange capacity. The weaker sorption of docosanoic acid underlines the major role of the molecular properties, but the lack of selectivity among the three others does not corroborate the influence of molecular size on the sorption process. The general failure of a chemolysis treatment performed on the organo-clay associations demonstrates the high stability of these complexes. Results suggest that the bonding mechanisms are dominated by ligand exchange and not by hydrophobic effects, cation bridges or cation exchange. The minor extractible organic fraction consists of acid molecules connected to clay surfaces by van der Waals interactions. The high stability of the bonds formed in this environment, close to those observed from previous studies of marine sediments, could explain in part the organic matter preservation during transfer across marine water columns, especially metabolisable materials

Plasma biomarkers of small intestine adaptations in obesity-related metabolic alterations

Background: Evidence suggests that pathophysiological conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with morphologic and metabolic alterations in the small intestinal mucosa. Exploring these alterations generally requires invasive methods, limiting data acquisition to subjects with enteropathies or undergoing bariatric surgery. We aimed to evaluate small intestine epithelial cell homeostasis in a cohort of men covering a wide range of adiposity and glucose homoeostasis statuses. Methods: Plasma levels of citrulline, a biomarker of enterocyte mass, and I-FABP, a biomarker of enterocyte death, were measured by UHPLC‑MS and ELISA in 154 nondiabetic men and 67 men with a T2D diagnosis. Results: Plasma citrulline was signifcantly reduced in men with insulin resistance and T2D compared to insulin sensi‑ tive men. Decreased citrulline levels were, however, not observed in men with uncontrolled metabolic parameters during T2D. Plasma I-FABP was signifcantly higher in men with T2D, especially in presence of uncontrolled glycemic and lipid profle parameters. Integration of both parameters, which estimate enterocyte turnover, was associated with glucose homeostasis as well as with T2D diagnosis. Diferences in biomarkers levels were independent of age and BMI and glucose fltration rates. Conclusions: Our study supports a decreased functional enterocyte mass and an increased enterocyte death rate in presence of metabolic alterations but emphasizes that epithelial cell homeostasis is especially altered in presence of severe insulin resistance and T2D. The marked changes in small intestine cellularity observed in obesity and diabe‑ tes are thus suggested to be part of gut dysfunctions, mainly at an advanced stage of the disease

Calibration of organic signal in sedimentary lacustrine records. Molecular comparison between actual producers, dissolved organic matter and sedimentary organic matter (Lac Pavin; Massif Central Français)

Paleoenvironmental studies undertaken in the past few years on lacustrine sediments indicate highly complex organic records. Indeed, the organic sources in lacustrine environments are numerous and early diagenetic transformations further complicate the molecular signal. This diagenetic filter can sometimes mask environmental information (by degradation of organic source biomarkers) as well as revealing it by purification of the signal (information on condition of sedimentary organic matter (SOM) incorporation). The preliminary calibration between primary producers and organic matter in sediments is essential in order to understand the processes prevailing in deposition and preservation of sedimentary organic material

A silicone nanocrystal tunnel field effect transistor

Abstract : In this work, we demonstrate a silicon nanocrystal Field Effect Transistor (ncFET). Its operation is similar to that of a Tunnelling Field Effect Transistor (TFET) with two barriers in series. The tunnelling barriers are fabricated in very thin silicon dioxide and the channel in intrinsic polycrystalline silicon. The absence of doping eliminates the problem of achieving sharp doping profiles at the junctions, which has proven a challenge for large-scale integration and, in principle, allows scaling down the atomic level. The demonstrated ncFET features a 104 on/off current ratio at room temperature, a low 30pA/lm leakage current at a 0.5V bias, an on-state current on a par with typical all-Si TFETs and bipolar operation with high symmetry. Quantum dot transport spectroscopy is used to assess the band structure and energy levels of the silicon island

Sorption of organic matter on clay minerals in aquatic system and influence on sedimentary organic preservation. An example of lacustrine environment (Lac Pavin, France)

Sorption of organic molecules on clay surfaces in aquatic environment influence organic sedimentation fluxes. It is well known that mineral sorption affects transport of natural organic matter to bottom water and to sediments. These physical and chemical interactions produce a flocculation of organo-mineral complexes and then increase weight of sedimentary fractions. The resulting sedimentation rate reduces risks of bacterial recycling and/or oxidation. Other studies revealed that sorption also influences the fate of organic matters in sediments ([1]). Direct contacts between clay minerals and organic molecules allow creation of organo-mineral assemblages in sediments, and influence organic molecules availability to benthic fauna and bacteria ([2]). Many studies concluded that mineral sorption and chemical linkage created can be considered as one of preservation mechanism, leading incorporation of organic matter in sediments