Endoskopische Diagnostik und Therapie der gastrointestinalen Blutung

Zusammenfassung: Die gastrointestinale Blutung stellt unveränderte einen der häufigsten medizinischen Notfälle dar. Obwohl die Mortalität in den letzten Jahren durch Verbesserung der endoskopischen Diagnostik und Therapie leicht gesenkt werden konnte, liegt sie immer noch bei 15%. Zahlreiche Publikationen zu neuen Techniken und Therapiestrategien zeigen kontroverse Ergebnisse, so dass der Endoskopiker in seinen Therapienentscheidungen häufig auf seine persönliche Erfahrung angewiesen ist. Daher werden in diesem Artikel, neben einer neuerer Literaturanalyse zu diesem Thema, Therapieempfehlungen für die Praxis aus dem eigenen Erfahrungsbereich gegebe

How much dark matter is there inside early-type galaxies?

We study the luminous mass as a function of the dynamical mass inside the effective radius (r_e) of early-type galaxies (ETGs) to search for differences between these masses. We assume Newtonian dynamics and that any difference between these masses is due to the presence of dark matter. We use several samples of ETGs -ranging from 19 000 to 98 000 objects- from the ninth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We perform Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of galaxy samples and compare them with real samples. The main results are: i) MC simulations show that the distribution of the dynamical vs. luminous mass depends on the mass range where the ETGs are distributed (geometric effect). This dependence is caused by selection effects and intrinsic properties of the ETGs. ii) The amount of dark matter inside r_e is approximately 7% +- 22%. iii) This amount of dark matter is lower than the minimum estimate (10%) found in the literature and four times lower than the average (30%) of literature estimates. However, if we consider the associated error, our estimate is of the order of the literature average.Comment: 24 pages, 12 figures. MNRAS accepte

Endoskopische Diagnostik und Therapie der gastrointestinalen Blutung [Endoscopic diagnosis and therapy for gastrointestinal bleeding]

Gastrointestinal bleeding is still one of the most frequent medical emergencies. Despite improvements in endoscopic diagnosis and therapy, mortality from bleeding is still high (15%). Since conclusive trials are lacking, the endoscopist often has to rely on personal experience in the selection of therapeutic options. Therefore this article gives an overview of new publications in this field and recommendations based on personal experience

Variable Stars in Local Group Galaxies. IV. RR Lyrae stars in the central regions of the low-density galaxy Crater II

We present a search and analysis of variable stars in the recently discovered Crater~II dwarf galaxy. Based on $B$, $V$, $I$ data collected with the Isaac Newton Telescope (FoV$\sim$0.44 square degrees) we detected 37 variable stars, of which 34 are bone-fide RR Lyrae stars of Crater~II (28 RRab, 4 RRc, 2 RRd). We applied the metal-independent ($V$, $B-V$) Period--Wesenheit relation and derived a true distance modulus ($\mu$ = 20.30$\pm$0.08 mag ($\sigma$=0.16 mag). Individual metallicities for RR Lyrae stars were derived by inversion of the predicted $I$-band Period-Luminosity relation. We find a mean metallicity of [Fe/H]=-1.64 and a standard deviation of $\sigma_{[Fe/H]}$ =0.21 dex, compatible with either negligible or vanishing intrinsic metallicity dispersion. The analysis of the Colour-Magnitude Diagram reveals a stark paucity of blue horizontal branch stars, at odds with other Galactic dwarfs, and globular clusters with similar metal abundances.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publications on MNRAS. Time series photometry is available in the manuscript source ta

A semi-analytical perspective on massive galaxies at z∼0.55z\sim0.55

The most massive and luminous galaxies in the Universe serve as powerful probes to study the formation of structure, the assembly of mass, and cosmology. However, their detailed formation and evolution is still barely understood. Here we extract a sample of massive mock galaxies from the semi-analytical model of galaxy formation (SAM) GALACTICUS from the MultiDark-Galaxies, by replicating the CMASS photometric selection from the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). The comparison of the GALACTICUS CMASS-mock with BOSS-CMASS data allows us to explore different aspects of the massive galaxy population at $0.5<z<0.6$, including the galaxy-halo connection and the galaxy clustering. We find good agreement between our modelled galaxies and observations regarding the galaxy-halo connection, but our CMASS-mock over-estimates the clustering amplitude of the 2-point correlation function, due to a smaller number density compared to BOSS, a lack of blue objects, and a small intrinsic scatter in stellar mass at fixed halo mass of $<0.1$ dex. To alleviate this problem, we construct an alternative mock catalogue mimicking the CMASS colour-magnitude distribution by randomly down-sampling the SAM catalogue. This CMASS-mock reproduces the clustering of CMASS galaxies within 1$\sigma$ and shows some environmental dependency of star formation properties that could be connected to the quenching of star formation and the assembly bias.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables, submitted to MNRA

Echium acanthocarpum hairy root cultures, a suitable system for polyunsaturated fatty acid studies and production

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The therapeutic and health promoting role of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) from fish, <it>i.e. </it>eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) are well known. These same benefits may however be shared by some of their precursors, the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4 n-3). In order to obtain alternative sources for the large-scale production of PUFAs, new searches are being conducted focusing on higher plants oils which can contain these n-3 and n-6 C18 precursors, <it>i.e. </it>SDA and GLA (18:3n-6, γ-linolenic acid).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The establishment of the novel <it>Echium acanthocarpum </it>hairy root cultures represents a powerful tool in order to research the accumulation and metabolism of fatty acids (FAs) in a plant particularly rich in GLA and SDA. Furthermore, this study constitutes the first example of a <it>Boraginaceae </it>species hairy root induction and establishment for FA studies and production. The dominant PUFAs, 18:2n-6 (LA, linoleic acid) and 18:3n-6 (GLA), accounted for about 50% of total FAs obtained, while the n-3 PUFAs, 18:3n-3 (ALA, α-linolenic acid) and 18:4n-3 (SDA), represented approximately 5% of the total. Production of FAs did not parallel hairy root growth, and the optimal productivity was always associated with the highest biomass density during the culture period. Assuming a compromise between FA production and hairy root biomass, it was determined that sampling times 4 and 5 gave the most useful FA yields. Total lipid amounts were in general comparable between the different hairy root lines (29.75 and 60.95 mg/g DW), with the major lipid classes being triacylglycerols. The FAs were chiefly stored in the hairy roots with very minute amounts being released into the liquid nutrient medium.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The novel results presented here show the utility and high potential of <it>E. acanthocarpum </it>hairy roots. They are capable of biosynthesizing and accumulating a large range of polyunsaturated FAs, including the target GLA and SDA fatty acids in appreciable quantities.</p

GIS-assisted modelling for debris flow hazard assessment based on the events of May 1998 in the area of Sarno, Southern Italy. Part I: Maximum run-out

Based on the debris flow events that occurred in May 1998 in the area of Sarno, Southern Italy, this paper presents an approach to simulate debris flow maximum run-out. On the basis of the flow source areas and an average thickness of 1.2 m of the scarps, we estimated debris flow volumes of the order of 104 and 105 m3. Flow mobility ratios ( H/L) derived from the x,y,z coordinates of the lower-most limit of the source areas (i.e. apex of the alluvial fan) and the distal limit of the flows ranged between 0.27 and 0.09. We performed regression analyses that showed a good correlation between the estimated flow volumes and mobility ratios. This paper presents a methodology for predicting maximum run-out of future debris flow events, based on the developed empirical relationship. We implemented the equation that resulted from the calibration as a set of GIS-macros written in Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) and running within ArcGIS. We carried out sensitivity analyses and observed that hazard mapping with this methodology should attempt to delineate hazard zones with a minimum horizontal resolution of 0.4 km. The developed procedure enables the rapid delineation of debris flow maximum extent within reasonable levels of uncertainty, it incorporates sensitivities and it facilitates hazard assessments via graphic-user interfaces and with modest computing resources

A Langevin Canonical Approach to the Study of Quantum Stochastic Resonance in Chiral Molecules

A Langevin canonical framework for a chiral two-level system coupled to a bath of harmonic oscillators is used within a coupling scheme different from the well-known spin-boson model to study the quantum stochastic resonance for chiral molecules. This process refers to the amplification of the response to an external periodic signal at a certain value of the noise strength, being a cooperative effect of friction, noise, and periodic driving occurring in a bistable system. Furthermore, from this stochastic dynamics within the Markovian regime and Ohmic friction, the competing process between tunneling and the parity violating energy difference present in this type of chiral systems plays a fundamental role. This mechanism is finally proposed to observe the so-far elusive parity-violating energy difference in chiral molecules.Helen Clara Peñate-Rodríguez and Germán Rojas-Lorenzo acknowledge a scientific project from InSTEC. Pedro Bargueño acknowledge the support from the Faculty of Science and Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones of Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia. Salvador Miret-Artés acknowledges a grant with Ref. FIS2014-52172-C2-1-P from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Spain). We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI)

Training primary care physicians to offer their patients faecal occult blood testing and colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening on an equal basis: a pilot intervention with before-after and parallel group surveys.

Primary care physicians (PCPs) should prescribe faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) or colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening based on their patient's values and preferences. However, there are wide variations between PCPs in the screening method prescribed. The objective was to assess the impact of an educational intervention on PCPs' intent to offer FIT or colonoscopy on an equal basis. Survey before and after training seminars, with a parallel comparison through a mailed survey to PCPs not attending the training seminars. All PCPs in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland. Of 592 eligible PCPs, 133 (22%) attended a seminar and 106 (80%) filled both surveys. 109 (24%) PCPs who did not attend the seminars returned the mailed survey. A 2 h-long interactive seminar targeting PCP knowledge, skills and attitudes regarding offering a choice of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening options. The primary outcome was PCP intention of having their patients screened with FIT and colonoscopy in equal proportions (between 40% and 60% each). Secondary outcomes were the perceived role of PCPs in screening decisions (from paternalistic to informed decision-making) and correct answer to a clinical vignette. Before the seminars, 8% of PCPs reported that they had equal proportions of their patients screened for CRC by FIT and colonoscopy; after the seminar, 33% foresaw having their patients screened in equal proportions (p&lt;0.001). Among those not attending, there was no change (13% vs 14%, p=0.8). Of those attending, there was no change in their perceived role in screening decisions, while the proportion responding correctly to a clinical vignette increased (88-99%, p&lt;0.001). An interactive training seminar increased the proportion of physicians with the intention to prescribe FIT and colonoscopy in equal proportions