Piecewise smooth stationary Euler flows with compact support via overdetermined boundary problems

We construct new stationary weak solutions of the 3D Euler equation with compact support. The solutions, which are piecewise smooth and discontinuous across a surface, are axisymmetric with swirl. The range of solutions we find is different from, and larger than, the family of smooth stationary solutions recently obtained by Gavrilov and Constantin-La-Vicol; in particular, these solutions are not localizable. A key step in the proof is the construction of solutions to an overdetermined elliptic boundary value problem where one prescribes both Dirichlet and (nonconstant) Neumann data

Adjoint-based Particle Forcing Reconstruction and Uncertainty Quantification

The forcing of particles in turbulent environments influences dynamical properties pertinent to many fundamental applications involving particle-flow interactions. Current study explores the determination of forcing for one-way coupled passive particles, under the assumption that the ambient velocity fields are known. When measurements regarding particle locations are available but sparse, direct evaluation of the forcing is intractable. Nevertheless, the forcing for finite-size particles can be determined using adjoint-based data assimilation. This inverse problem is formulated with the framework of optimization, where the cost function is defined as the difference between the measured and predicted particle locations. The gradient of the cost function, with respect to the forcing can be calculated from the adjoint dynamics. When measurements are subject to Gaussian noise, samples within the probability distribution of the forcing can be drawn using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo. The algorithm is tested in the Arnold-Beltrami-Childress flow as well as the homogeneous isotropic turbulence. Results demonstrate that the forcing can only be determined accurately for particle Reynolds number between 1 and 5, where the majority of Reynolds number history along the particle trajectory falls in

Microbiota composition of the dorsal patch of reproductive male Leptonycteris yerbabuenae.

Bacteria and other types of microbes interact with their hosts in several ways, including metabolic pathways, development, and complex behavioral processes such as mate recognition. During the mating season, adult males of the lesser long-nosed agave pollinator bat Leptonycteris yerbabuenae (Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae) develop a structure called the dorsal patch, which is located in the interscapular region and may play a role in kin recognition and mate selection. Using high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, we identified a total of 2,847 microbial phylotypes in the dorsal patches of eleven specimens. Twenty-six phylotypes were shared among all the patches, accounting for 30 to 75% of their relative abundance. These shared bacteria are distributed among 13 families, 10 orders, 6 classes and 3 phyla. Two of these common bacterial components of the dorsal patch are Lactococcus and Streptococcus. Some of them-Helcococcus, Aggregatibacter, Enterococcus, and Corynebacteriaceae-include bacteria with pathogenic potential. Half of the shared phylotypes belong to Gallicola, Anaerococcus, Peptoniphilus, Proteus, Staphylococcus, Clostridium, and Peptostreptococcus and specialize in fatty acid production through fermentative processes. This work lays the basis for future symbiotic microbe studies focused on communication and reproduction strategies in wildlife

Guía de técnicas, estrategias y herramientas en el diseño y desarrollo de generadores automáticos del lenguaje

This chapter focuses on the explanation of the different techniques, methods, and tools applied during the development of the generators described in chapter 1 of this volume. The combining methodology, generators and and resources that support them are based on principles of sustentability, interoperability and data feedback.Este capítulo aborda la descripción de diferentes técnicas, métodos y herramientas desarrolladas y aplicadas para el diseño de la cadena de generadores descrita en el capítulo 1 de este volumen. Tanto el método combinado, como los generadores y el conjunto de recursos  que los soportan se asientan en principios de sostenibilidad, interoperabilidad y retroalimentación de datos

Measurement of the EBL through a combined likelihood analysis of gamma-ray observations of blazars with the MAGIC telescopes

The extragalactic background light (EBL) is the radiation accumulated through the history of the Universe in the wavelength range from the ultraviolet to the far infrared. Local foregrounds make the direct measurement of the diffuse EBL notoriously difficult, while robust lower limits have been obtained by adding up the contributions of all the discrete sources resolved in deep infrared and optical galaxy observations. Gamma-ray astronomy has emerged in the past few years as a powerful tool for the study of the EBL: very-high-energy (VHE) photons traversing cosmological distances can interact with EBL photons to produce e$^+$e$^-$ pairs, resulting in an energy-dependent depletion of the gamma-ray flux of distant sources that can be used to set constraints on the EBL density. The study of the EBL is one of the key scientific programs currently carried out by the MAGIC collaboration. We present here the results of the analysis of 32 VHE spectra of 12 blazars in the redshift range 0.03 - 0.94, obtained with over 300 hours of observations with the MAGIC telescopes between 2010 and 2016. A combined likelihood maximization approach is used to evaluate the density and spectrum of the EBL most consistent with the MAGIC observations. The results are compatible with state-of-the-art EBL models, and constrain the EBL density to be roughly within $\simeq 20\%$ of the nominal value in such models. The study reveals no anomalies in gamma-ray propagation in the large optical depth regime - contrary to some claims based on meta-analyses of published VHE spectra.Comment: Proceedings of the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2017), Bexco, Busan, Korea (arXiv:1708.05153

Gobernanza y escenarios regionales de pos-pandemia COVID-19

A finales de 2019 en la región Wuhan, en la Provincia de Hubei, China; apareció un de brote de un virus en la familia Coronaviridae al cual la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) lo denominó SARS-CoV-2 (inicialmente 2019-nCoV-2, o Covid-19). Des enero de este año (2020) la OMS dictó algunas recomendaciones de vigilancia epidemiológica al detectar el 31 de diciembre de 2019 veintisiete sujetos con síndrome respiratorio agudo de “etiología desconocida”, este virus ha resultado un riesgo a la salud de las personas en general, pero se agrava si se toma en cuenta las desigualdades sociales, así como el diseño de políticas públicas que favorecían el desmantelamiento de los servicios de salud públicos, particularmente en México. En nuestro país, hasta el 18 de marzo de 2020 se tenían registrados 118 casos de COVID-19 en 24 estados de la república, la mayoría de ellos importados (104 casos), por lo que se proyectaba mediante un modelo matemático que consideraba una tasa de infección de 2.5 contagios por cada caso confirmado. Al parecer estas proyecciones no toman en cuenta la inequidad social como factor de vulnerabilidad al riego de contagiarse por un virus del cual no se tiene la información suficiente mediante la cual la población en general pueda realizar un tratamiento exitoso de las personas enfermas. Lo que este análisis oculta es el hecho diferenciado de contagios atendiendo a condiciones de vulnerabilidad social, ya que las personas con mayor vulnerabilidad están en mayor riesgo de mortalidad ante la pandemia del COVID-19. Esto debido a que las personas en general no percibían el riesgo de una pandemia hasta antes de 2019 en la región centro del país, en general la gente se preocupa por los riesgos de los cuales se tiene memoria o registro local. La inequidad en los recursos con los que las personas cuentan, incluyendo su alimentación, propicia una diferenciación en los recursos personales y sociales de los que se disponen a fin de enfrentar un riesgo sanitario, o cualquier otro riesgo ambiental. En estas condiciones surgió el interés por conocer ¿cómo una campaña mediática resultaba en un modelo de gobernanza y autogestión del cuidado de personas contagiadas en condiciones de vulnerabilidad social? A propósito de encontrar una posible respuesta a la pregunta de investigación, se postuló el supuesto de investigación según el cual la confianza en las instituciones mejora la resiliencia de las personas, aun cuando estas se encuentren en condiciones de vulnerabilidad al carecer de elementos que les permitan percibir el riesgo ambiental y generar estrategias de afrontamiento. A fin de comprobar el supuesto de investigación se aplicaron las escalas de percepción del riesgo, estrés, afrontamiento y resiliencia a 396 personas de la región oriente del estado de Morelos, la muestra es representativa para población del tribunal al ser el universo con una confiabilidad de 95% y un error muestral de más-menos 4.8 % empleando la formula n=((p*q)*z^2)/e^2 . Se encontró que los modelos de gobernanza propician mayor resiliencia ante una crisis de salud pública

In vitro gas production of foliage from three browse tree species treated with different dose levels of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different dose levels of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) on in vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics and energy utilization of foliages from three browse trees (Pithecellobium dulce, Heliocarpus velutinus and Guazuma ulmifolia). Mixture of EFE product was added to the leaves of the three browse tree species at three dose levels: 0 (control), 3.5 and 7.0 mg/g of DM. Chemical composition of the foliages, including plant secondary metabolites such as total phenolics (TP), saponins (SAP) and aqueous fraction (AF), was determined. In addition, in vitro assaying of ruminal gas production kinetics was determined for the three browse three foliages treated with EFE. P. dulce had the highest crude protein content (p < 0.05), whereas G. ulmifolia had the highest content of neutral detergent fibre and SAP (p < 0.05) and H. velutinus had the lowest content of TP (p < 0.05). The interaction between tree species and dose level of EFE was significant (p < 0.05) for gas production (GP) at 24 h of incubation, parameters b and c of the accumulated GP curve, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and metabolizable energy (ME). The lowest (p < 0.01) extent of accumulated GP as well as the b and c values occurred in G. ulmifolia at 0 mg EFE/g DM. P. dulce had the highest (p < 0.05) values for ME and SCFA at the highest dose of EFE. Tree species and dose level had significant (p < 0.05) effects on all parameters describing in vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics and energy utilization. Addition of EFE improved the fermentation kinetics of the browse species considered in this study.UAE

Stronger and Faster Side-Channel Protections for CSIDH

CSIDH is a recent quantum-resistant primitive based on the difficulty of finding isogeny paths between supersingular curves. Recently, two constant-time versions of CSIDH have been proposed: first by Meyer, Campos and Reith, and then by Onuki, Aikawa, Yamazaki and Takagi. While both offer protection against timing attacks and simple power consumption analysis, they are vulnerable to more powerful attacks such as fault injections. In this work, we identify and repair two oversights in these algorithms that compromised their constant-time character. By exploiting Edwards arithmetic and optimal addition chains, we produce the fastest constant-time version of CSIDH to date. We then consider the stronger attack scenario of fault injection, which is relevant for the security of CSIDH static keys in embedded hardware. We propose and evaluate a dummy-free CSIDH algorithm. While these CSIDH variants are slower, their performance is still within a small constant factor of less-protected variants. Finally, we discuss derandomized CSIDH algorithms

Intermediate Repeat Expansion in the ATXN2 Gene as a Risk Factor in the ALS and FTD Spanish Population

Intermediate CAG expansions in the gene ataxin-2 (ATXN2) are a known risk factor for ALS, but little is known about their role in FTD risk. Moreover, their contribution to the risk and phenotype of patients might vary in populations with different genetic backgrounds. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of intermediate CAG expansions in ATXN2 with the risk and phenotype of ALS and FTD in the Spanish population. Repeat-primed PCR was performed in 620 ALS and 137 FTD patients in three referral centers in Spain to determine the exact number of CAG repeats. In our cohort, >= 27 CAG repeats in ATXN2 were associated with a higher risk of developing ALS (odds ratio [OR] = 2.666 [1.471-4.882]; p = 0.0013) but not FTD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.446 [0.558-3.574]; p = 0.44). Moreover, ALS patients with >= 27 CAG repeats in ATXN2 showed a shorter survival rate compared to those with = 27 repeats in ATXN2 are associated with ALS risk but not with FTD in the Spanish population. ALS patients carrying an intermediate expansion in ATXN2 show more frequent limb onset but a worse prognosis than those without expansions. In patients carrying C9orf72 expansions, the intermediate ATXN2 expansion might increase the penetrance and modify the phenotype