30 research outputs found

    Efeito de diferentes níveis de pressão positiva continua sobre a depuração pulmonar do 99mTc-DTPA

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    Backgound and Objectives: Positive airway pressure continues (CPAP) produces significant hemodynamic changes that may influence the variability of breathing pattern and heart rate, acting as an additional therapy to prevent atelectasis and to combat hypoxia. The rate of inhaled 99 m Technetiumdiethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA), along with changes in the lung epithelium cause an increase in the rate of clearance of this compound. The aim of this study was evaluate the pulmonary clearance rate of 99mTechnetium Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) through the use of different levels of CPAP. Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study involving 17 healthy individuals with normal lung functional. 99mTc-DTPA, as aerosol, was nebulized for 3 minutes with the individual in a sitting position. The pulmonary clearance rate was assessed through pulmonary scintigraphy under spontaneous breathing and under 20 and 10 cmH2 O CPAP in the sitting position. The clearance rate was expressed as the half-time (T½) that is the time for the activity to decrease to 50% of the peak value. Results: 20 cmH2 O CPAP produced significant reduction of the T½ of 99mTc-DTPA in the sitting position (p=0.005). However, 10 cmH2 O CPAP did not alter the T½ of DTPA in the same positions. Conclusion: High levels of continuos positive pressure in normal lungs resulted in faster 99mTc-DTPA clearance moreover, 10 cmH2 O did not alter its clearance rate. KEYWORDS: Noninvasive ventilation. Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate. Radionuclide Imaging.Justificativa e Objetivos: A pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas (CPAP) produz alterações hemodinâmicas que influenciam na variabilidade do padrão respiratório e da frequência cardíaca, atuando como terapia adicional na prevenção de atelectasias e no combate à hipóxia. A taxa inalada do ácido 99mTecnécio dietilenotriaminapentacético (99mTc-DTPA), juntamente com alterações do epitélio pulmonar, causam aumento na taxa de depuração desse composto. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a taxa de depuração pulmonar do 99mTc-DTPA através do uso de diferentes níveis de CPAP. Métodos: Estudo quase-experimental envolvendo 17 indivíduos hígidos. Aerossol 99mTc-DTPA foi nebulizado durante 3 minutos com o indivíduo na posição sentada. A taxa de depuração pulmonar foi avaliada através de cintilografia pulmonar sob respiração espontânea e com CPAP de 10 e 20 cmH2 O na posição sentada. A taxa de depuração foi expressa como o tempo de meia-vida (T½), que é o tempo requerido até que a atividade decaia para 50% do valor de pico. Resultados: A CPAP de 20 cmH2 O reduziu significativamente o T½ do 99mTc-DTPA na posição sentada (p=0,005). No entanto, CPAP de 10 cmH2 O não alterou o T½ do DTPA na mesma posição. Conclusão: Níveis elevados de pressão positiva contínua em pulmões normais resultaram em depuração mais rápida do 99mTc-DTPA, entretanto, pressão de 10 cmH2 O não produziu alteração na taxa de depuração. DESCRITORES: Ventilação não invasiva. Pentetato de Tecnécio Tc 99m. Cintilografia

    Femoral Fracture Repair in a Ferret (Mustela putorius furo)

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    Background: Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) are increasingly popular as pets. They require similar medical and surgical care as small animals, and orthopedic lesions are more and more common. Fracture diagnosis is based on history, orthopedic exam, and diagnostic imaging. The preferred treatment for femur fractures is surgery, which has a favorable outcome in the majority of cases. However, surgical fracture repair in ferrets can be challenging due to the small size of the bones. The objective of thispaper is to report the surgical repair of a femoral fracture in a ferret using an external skeletal fxation system type IA connected to an intramedullary pin (tie-in confguration).Case: An adult ferret was referred to the veterinary hospital after being stepped on. The ferret was diagnosed with an oblique diaphyseal fracture of the left femur and surgery was recommended. Open fracture reduction was performed with a 1 mm in tramedullary pin (Kirschner wire) placed in a retrograde direction into the proximal bone segment. After fracture reduction, the intramedullary pin was inserted into the distal bone segment. The external skeletal fxator type IA was created by the insertionof a 1.5 mm Schanz pin into the distal diaphysis and another, also 1.5 mm, inserted into the proximal metaphysis, both percuta neously. The three pins were connected externally to an aluminum bar with the aid of three staples to form a tie-in system. Rest and restriction of activity were recommended during the frst month after surgery. The ferret recovered well and, at 120 days, orthopedic and radiographic exams showed complete fracture healing. The implant was removed and no functional changesrelated to ambulation were observed.Discussion: The orthopedic knowledge applied to ferrets commonly originates in procedures performed on cats and dogs. Overall,the main objective when dealing with fractures is to stabilize the broken bone to allow early ambulation. Due to the location and type of fracture, an external immobilization was contraindicated in this case. A plate was considered, but the small diameter of the femur and the consequent risk of iatrogenic fractures made this option not feasible. Therefore, the external skeletal fxator in a tie-in confguration was selected. This method permitted control of the forces acting on the fracture site and had the advantage of low cost and ease of application and removal. Nevertheless, the vast musculature that covers the femur could hinder the use ofthe external pins and lead to discomfort. The method has been reported with some changes in ferrets, though with inconclusive results due to lack of follow-up. In the present report, a less rigid method, type I, was used since types II and III have a biplanar confguration and were thus inadequate due to the possible contact between the fxator and the abdominal or inguinal region. The precautions taken during placement of the implant were the same as in cats and dogs since their anatomy follows the same pattern. The implant was rigid, light, and effective, allowing early weight-bearing on the affected limb without discomfort to the patient. As such, the external fxator type IA connected to the intramedullary pin in a tie-in confguration was an effective method for the treatment of the oblique diaphyseal femoral fracture in this ferret. Although it is not the recommended method for this type of fracture in cats and dogs, there were no complications in the ferret, with complete fracture healing and return tofunction of the affected limb. Since there has yet to be a consensus on the recommended procedures in these animals, reports of this nature are important due to the growing number of ferret patients in veterinary practice.Keywords: ferret, osteosynthesis, bone fxation, repair of fractures

    INDEPENDÊNCIA FUNCIONAL E TOLERÂNCIA AO EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO EM PORTADORES DE DPOC

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    A Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC) é caracterizada por uma limitação progressiva ao fluxo aéreo, de origem inflamatória e com repercussões multissistêmicas que se traduz dispneia, intolerância ao exercício e baixa capacidade funcional. Este estudo em andamento objetivou quantificar a independência funcional e a tolerância ao exercício físico em portadores de DPOC ingressantes no Programa de Reabilitação Pulmonar (PRP) do Hospital Santa Cruz. De delineamento transversal, do tipo estudo de casos, avaliou a independência funcional através do questionário de Medida de Independência Funcional (MIF) e a tolerância ao exercício através do teste máximo de carga incremental (Shuttle Test). Foram avaliados 14 portadores de DPOC, com idade média de 66,93 ± 6,22 e predominância do sexo masculino. Uma média de 122,21 ± 6,60 pontos no MIF foi encontrada, caracterizando-os como independência completa ou modificada. A distância média percorrida no Shuttle Test foi de 370,11 ± 114,53 metros, e observou-se sendo que quanto mais grave a DPOC menor foi à distância percorrida pelos sujeitos. Os portadores de DPOC deste estudo são independentes funcionalmente, porém apresentam diferentes níveis de tolerância ao exercício físico incremental e este parece estar associado com a progressão da doença

    Two-dimensional and three-dimensional techniques for determining the kinematic patterns for hindlimb obstacle avoidance during sheep locomotion

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    ABSTRACT: Analysis of locomotion is often used as a measure for impairment and recovery following experimental peripheral nerve injury. Compared to rodents, sheep offer several advantages for studying peripheral nerve regeneration. In the present study, we compared for the first time, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) hindlimb kinematics during obstacle avoidance in the ovine model. This study obtained kinematic data to serve as a template for an objective assessment of the ankle joint motion in future studies of common peroneal nerve (CP) injury and repair in the ovine model. The strategy used by the sheep to bring the hindlimb over a moderately high obstacle, set to 10% of its hindlimb length, was pronounced knee, ankle and metatarsophalangeal flexion when approaching and clearing the obstacle. Despite the overall time course kinematic patterns about the hip, knee, ankle, and metatarsophalangeal were identical, we found significant differences between values of the 2D and 3D joint angular motion. Our results showed that the most apparent changes that occurred during the gait cycle were for the ankle (2D-measured STANCEmax: 157±2.4 degrees vs. 3D-measured STANCEmax: 151±1.2 degrees; P<.05) and metatarsophalangeal joints (2D-measured STANCEmin: 151±2.2 degrees vs. 3D-measured STANCEmin: 162 ± 2.2 degrees; P<.01 and 2D-measured TO: 163±4.9 degrees vs. 3D-measured TO: 177±1.4 degrees; P<.05), whereas the hip and knee joints were much less affected. Data and techniques described here are useful for an objective assessment of altered gait after CP injury and repairin an ovine model

    Associação entre variáveis respiratórias e capacidade de exercício em portadores de DPOC

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    Background and Objective: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive airflow limitation associated with an inflammatory response. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence and the association of respiratory variables on exercise capacity in COPD patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study evaluated 39 COPD patients to obtain forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Respiratory muscle strength (RMS) was evaluated at its maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) components. Exercise capacity was assessed by Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and Incremental Shuttle Walking Test (ISWT). Results: FEV1 (39.8±15.3%predicted) and FVC (60.2±17.1%predicted) were reduced, which classified them in stages II (21%), III (51%) and IV (28%). MIP (92.7±14.6% predicted) and MEP (97.6±19.0% predicted) were within the expected values. A moderate correlation was observed between the ISWT vs FEV1 (r=0.35;p=0.02) and ISWT vs FVC (r=0.42;pJustificación y objetivo: La EPOC se caracteriza por la limitación progresiva del flujo aéreo asociada a una respuesta inflamatoria. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la influencia y la asociación de las variables respiratorias sobre la capacidad de ejercicio portadores de EPOC. Métodos: Estudio transversal evaluó 39 portadores de EPOC para obtener el volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo (VEF1) y la capacidad vital forzada (CVF). La fuerza muscular respiratoria (FMR) evaluada en sus componentes de presión inspiratoria máxima (PImax) y presión espiratoria máxima (PEmax). Capacidad de ejercicio evaluada por la Prueba de Caminata de seis minutos (TC6m) e Incremental Shuttle Walking Test (ISWT). Resultados: El VEF1 (% 39,8 ± 15,3) y CVF (% 60,2 ± 17,1) se encuentran reducidos en relación al predicado clasificándolos en estadificación grado II (21%), III (51%) y IV (28%). La PImax (92,7 ± 14,6% predito) y PEmax (97,6 ± 19,0% predito) se encuentran dentro de los valores previstos para los sujetos. Se observó una correlación moderada entre la distancia recorrida en el ISWT vs VEF1 (r = 0,35; p = 0,02) e ISWT vs CVF (r = 0,42; pJustificativa e objetivo: A DPOC é caracterizada pela limitação progressiva do fluxo aéreo associada a uma resposta inflamatória. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a influência e a associação das variáveis respiratórias sobre a capacidade de exercício em portadores de DPOC. Métodos: Estudo transversal avaliou 39 portadores de DPOC para obtenção do volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1) e a capacidade vital forçada (CVF). A força muscular respiratória (FMR) avaliada em seus componentes de pressão inspiratória máxima (PImax) e pressão expiratória máxima (PEmax). Capacidade de exercício avaliada pelo Teste de Caminhada de Seis Minutos (TC6m) e Incremental Shuttle Walking Test (ISWT). Resultados: O VEF1 (% 39,8±15,3) e CVF (% 60,2±17,1) se encontram reduzidos em relação ao predito classificando-os em estadiamento grau II (21%), III (51%) e IV (28%). A PImax (92,7±14,6 % predito) e PEmax (97,6±19,0 % predito) se encontram dentro dos valores previsto para os sujeitos. Evidenciada correlação moderada entre a distância percorrida no ISWT vs VEF1 (r=0,35; p=0,02) e ISWT vs CVF (r=0,42;

    Association between respiratory variables and exercise capacity in COPD patients

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    Background and Objective: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive airflow limitation associated with an inflammatory response. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence and the association of respiratory variables on exercise capacity in COPD patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study evaluated 39 COPD patients to obtain forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Respiratory muscle strength (RMS) was evaluated at its maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) components. Exercise capacity was assessed by Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and Incremental Shuttle Walking Test (ISWT). Results: FEV1 (39.8±15.3%predicted) and FVC (60.2±17.1%predicted) were reduced, which classified them in stages II (21%), III (51%) and IV (28%). MIP (92.7±14.6% predicted) and MEP (97.6±19.0% predicted) were within the expected values. A moderate correlation was observed between the ISWT vs FEV1 (r=0.35;p=0.02) and ISWT vs FVC (r=0.42;

    ATLANTIC ‐ PRIMATES : a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

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    Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co‐occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data.Fil: Culot, Laurence. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Pereira, Lucas Augusto. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Agostini, Ilaria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical; Argentina. Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico; ArgentinaFil: de Almeida, Marco Antônio Barreto. Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Alves, Rafael Souza Cruz. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Baldovino, María Celia. Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Di Bitetti, Mario Santiago. Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; ArgentinaFil: Oklander, Luciana Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Puerto Iguazú; ArgentinaFil: Holzmann, Ingrid. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; ArgentinaFil: Dums, Marcos. RUMO S.A. Licenciamento Ambiental; BrasilFil: Lombardi, Pryscilla Moura. RUMO S.A. Licenciamento Ambiental; BrasilFil: Bonikowski, Renata Twardowsky Ramalho. RUMO S.A. Licenciamento Ambiental; BrasilFil: Age, Stéfani Gabrieli. RUMO S.A. Licenciamento Ambiental; BrasilFil: Souza Alves, João Pedro. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; BrasilFil: Chagas, Renata. Universidade Federal da Paraíba; BrasilFil: da Cunha, Rogério Grassetto Teixeira. Universidade Federal de Alfenas; BrasilFil: Valença Montenegro, Monica Mafra. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservaçao de Primates Brasileiros; BrasilFil: Ludwig, Gabriela. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservaçao de Primates Brasileiros; BrasilFil: Jerusalinsky, Leandro. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservaçao de Primates Brasileiros; BrasilFil: Buss, Gerson. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservaçao de Primates Brasileiros; BrasilFil: de Azevedo, Renata Bocorny. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservaçao de Primates Brasileiros; BrasilFil: Filho, Roberio Freire. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; BrasilFil: Bufalo, Felipe. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Milhe, Louis. Université D'Avignon et des Pays du Vaucluse; FranciaFil: Santos, Mayara Mulato dos. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Sepulvida, Raíssa. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Ferraz, Daniel da Silva. Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Faria, Michel Barros. Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Ribeiro, Milton Cezar. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Galetti, Mauro. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasi

    GERENCIAMENTO DA SARCOPENIA: INTEGRANDO EXERCÍCIOS E NUTRIÇÃO PARA PROMOVER A SAÚDE MUSCULAR EM IDOSOS

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    Introduction: Sarcopenia is characterized by the progressive loss of muscle mass and strength in the elderly, resulting in physical frailty and an increased risk of falls and mortality. Physical exercise is fundamental in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia, but its prescription for the elderly requires careful consideration of several factors, including the severity of sarcopenia and comorbidities. Methodology: A systematic review was carried out using the PubMed, Scielo and LILACS databases, and the descriptors ((Sarcopenia" AND (Exercise)) AND (Health of the Elderly), resulting in 25 articles selected for analysis. In addition, guidelines from the Brazilian Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology were consulted for additional information. Results: Sarcopenia involves the gradual loss of muscle mass and is associated with multiple pathophysiological mechanisms, including satellite cell senescence and chronic inflammation. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and imaging tests, particularly dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Physical exercise, especially resistance training, is fundamental in the treatment of sarcopenia, but the prescription must be adapted to the individual needs of the elderly, taking into account their frailty and comorbidities. Conclusion: Sarcopenia represents a significant health challenge for the elderly, requiring a multidisciplinary approach that includes adapted physical exercise, nutritional interventions and, when necessary, specific supplementation. Although evidence for drug interventions is limited, evidence-based individualization of treatment is crucial to promote healthy and functional aging.Introducción: La sarcopenia se caracteriza por la pérdida progresiva de masa y fuerza muscular en los ancianos, lo que provoca fragilidad física y un mayor riesgo de caídas y mortalidad. El ejercicio físico es fundamental en la prevención y el tratamiento de la sarcopenia, pero su prescripción para los ancianos requiere una cuidadosa consideración de varios factores, incluyendo la gravedad de la sarcopenia y las comorbilidades. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática utilizando las bases de datos PubMed, Scielo y LILACS, y los descriptores ((Sarcopenia" AND (Ejercicio)) AND (Salud del Anciano), resultando en 25 artículos seleccionados para análisis. Además, se consultaron las directrices de la Sociedad Brasileña de Geriatría y Gerontología para obtener información adicional. Resultados: La sarcopenia consiste en la pérdida gradual de masa muscular y se asocia a múltiples mecanismos fisiopatológicos, incluyendo la senescencia de las células satélite y la inflamación crónica. El diagnóstico se basa en criterios clínicos y pruebas de imagen, especialmente la absorciometría de rayos X de doble energía. El ejercicio físico, especialmente el entrenamiento de resistencia, es fundamental en el tratamiento de la sarcopenia, pero la prescripción debe adaptarse a las necesidades individuales de los ancianos, teniendo en cuenta su fragilidad y comorbilidades. Conclusiones: La sarcopenia representa un importante reto para la salud de las personas mayores, que requiere un enfoque multidisciplinar que incluya ejercicio físico adaptado, intervenciones nutricionales y, cuando sea necesario, suplementación específica. Aunque la evidencia de las intervenciones farmacológicas es limitada, la individualización del tratamiento basada en la evidencia es crucial para promover un envejecimiento saludable y funcional.Introdução: A sarcopenia é caracterizada pela perda progressiva de massa e força muscular em idosos, resultando em fragilidade física e maior risco de quedas e mortalidade. O exercício físico é fundamental na prevenção e tratamento da sarcopenia, mas sua prescrição para idosos requer consideração cuidadosa de vários fatores, incluindo a gravidade da sarcopenia e comorbidades. Metodologia: Uma revisão sistemática foi realizada utilizando as bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e LILACS, e os descritores ((Sarcopenia” AND (Exercise)) AND (Health of the Elderly), resultando em 25 artigos selecionados para análise. Além disso, foram consultadas diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia para informações adicionais. Resultados: A sarcopenia envolve a perda gradual de massa muscular e está associada a múltiplos mecanismos fisiopatológicos, incluindo senescência das células satélites e inflamação crônica. O diagnóstico é baseado em critérios clínicos e exames de imagem, com destaque para a absorciometria de raios X de dupla energia. O exercício físico, especialmente o treinamento resistido, é fundamental no tratamento da sarcopenia, mas a prescrição deve ser adaptada às necessidades individuais dos idosos, levando em consideração sua fragilidade e comorbidades. Conclusão: A sarcopenia representa um desafio significativo para a saúde dos idosos, exigindo uma abordagem multidisciplinar que inclua exercícios físicos adaptados, intervenções nutricionais e, quando necessário, suplementação específica. Embora as evidências para intervenções medicamentosas sejam limitadas, a individualização do tratamento com base em evidências é crucial para promover o envelhecimento saudável e funcional

    OPIOIDES: MANEJO DA OVERDOSE E CONSIDERAÇÕES CLÍNICAS

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    Introduction: Opiates are substances derived from the poppy plant, whose site of action is the opioid receptors. Opioids include substances, natural or synthetic, endogenous or exogenous, which also interact with opioid receptors, such as mu, kappa, delta and sigma, present throughout the body, generating manifestations in various systems. This study aims to address the pathophysiology and management of thermal burns. Methods: In the literature review, PubMed and Google Scholar databases were consulted, using the descriptors "opioid overdose", "diagnosis" and "management", resulting in 600 studies. Of these, 18 were selected for their relevance to the topic and publication in English or Portuguese. Results: Chronic use of opioids can induce use disorder, characterized by persistent craving, increased tolerance and withdrawal syndrome. Overdose occurs due to hyperstimulation of the opioid pathway, either by intentional increase or developed tolerance. During overdose, signs include hypothermia, bradycardia and limited response or unconsciousness, making witness reports and analysis of the environment vital. Pre-hospital management includes naloxone administration, airway protection and support, while the hospital environment follows the ABCDE protocol, with higher doses of naloxone and additional diagnostic procedures. Conclusion: Due to the epidemic that has become opioid overdose, it is necessary for health professionals to be prepared to deal with such an occurrence.Introducción: Los opiáceos son sustancias derivadas de la planta de amapola, cuyo sitio de acción son los receptores opioides. Los opiáceos incluyen sustancias, naturales o sintéticas, endógenas o exógenas, que también interactúan con los receptores opioides, como mu, kappa, delta y sigma, presentes en todo el organismo, generando manifestaciones en diversos sistemas. Este estudio pretende abordar la fisiopatología y el manejo de las quemaduras térmicas. Métodos: En la revisión bibliográfica se consultaron las bases de datos PubMed y Google Scholar, utilizando los descriptores "opioid overdose", "diagnosis" y "management", obteniéndose 600 estudios. De estos, 18 fueron seleccionados por su relevancia para el tema y publicación en inglés o portugués. Resultados: El uso crónico de opioides puede inducir un trastorno por consumo, caracterizado por un deseo persistente, aumento de la tolerancia y síndrome de abstinencia. La sobredosis ocurre debido a la hiperestimulación de la vía opioide, ya sea por aumento intencional o por tolerancia desarrollada. Durante la sobredosis, los signos incluyen hipotermia, bradicardia y respuesta limitada o inconsciencia, por lo que son vitales los informes de testigos y el análisis del entorno. El tratamiento prehospitalario incluye la administración de naloxona y la protección y soporte de las vías respiratorias, mientras que en el entorno hospitalario se sigue el protocolo ABCDE, con dosis más altas de naloxona y procedimientos diagnósticos adicionales. Conclusiones: Debido a la epidemia en que se ha convertido la sobredosis de opioides, es necesario que los profesionales sanitarios estén preparados para hacer frente a un suceso de este tipo.Introdução: Opiáceos são substâncias derivadas da planta papoula, cujo sítio de ação são os receptores opiáceos. Já os opioides englobam substâncias, naturais ou sintéticas, endógenas ou exógenas, que também interagem com os receptores opióides, como o mu, kappa, delta e sigma, presentes em todo o organismo, gerando manifestações em diversos sistemas. Este estudo tem por objetivo abordar a fisiopatologia e o manejo da queimadura térmica. Métodos: Na revisão de literatura, foram consultados os bancos de dados PubMed e Google Scholar, utilizando os descritores "opioid overdose", "diagnosis" e "management", resultando em 600 estudos. Desses, 18 foram selecionados por relevância ao tema e publicação em inglês ou português. Resultados: O uso crônico de opioides pode induzir ao transtorno de uso, caracterizado pelo desejo persistente, aumento de tolerância e síndrome de abstinência. A overdose ocorre pela hiperestimulação da via opiácea, seja por aumento intencional ou tolerância desenvolvida. Durante a overdose, os sinais incluem hipotermia, bradicardia e resposta limitada ou inconsciência, tornando vital o relato de testemunhas e análise do ambiente. O manejo pré-hospitalar inclui administração de naloxona, proteção da via aérea e suporte, enquanto o ambiente hospitalar segue o protocolo ABCDE, com doses maiores de naloxona e procedimentos diagnósticos adicionais. Conclusão: Devido a epidemia que virou a overdose por uso de opioides, é necessário que profissionais da saúde estejam preparados para lidar com tal ocorrência
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