February 6th, Kahramanmaraş earthquakes and the disaster management algorithm of adult emergency medicine in Turkey: An experience review

This compilation covers emergency medical management lessons from the February 6th Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. The objective is to review relevant literature on emergency services patient management, focusing on Koenig s 1996 Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) and Secondary Assessment of Victim Endpoint (SAVE) frameworks. Establishing a comprehensive seismic and mass casualty incident (MCI) protocol chain is the goal. The prehospital phase of seismic MCIs treats hypovolemia and gets patients to the nearest hospital. START-A plans to expedite emergency patient triage and pain management. The SAVE algorithm is crucial for the emergency patient secondary assessment. It advises using Glasgow Coma Scale, Mangled Extremity Severity Score, Burn Triage Score, and Safe Quake Score for admission, surgery, transfer, discharge, and outcomes. This compilation emphasizes the importance of using diagnostic tools like bedside blood gas analyzers and ultrasound devices during the assessment process, drawing from 6 February earthquake research. The findings create a solid framework for improving emergency medical response strategies, making them applicable in similar situations

The effect of gamma irradiation on the structural properties of olivine

Gamma irradiation studies of (Mg0.905Fe0.095)2SiO4 olivine were performed using X-ray fluorescence method, X-ray diffraction, Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The absorbed doses were 300, 600 and 1000 Gy. Small irradiation doses cause an increase of lattice vibrations and small deformation of both M1 and M2 octahedron. The observed effect is similar to the results expose to high temperature. However, the small deformation takes place only in unit cell of Olivine’s structure

The Impact of Warmed Intravenous Contrast Material on the Bolus Geometry of Coronary CT Angiography Applications

Objective This study was designed to investigate the effect of administration of warmed contrast material (CM) on the bolus geometry and enhancement as depicted on coronary CT angiography. Materials and Methods A total of 64 patients (42 men, 22 women; mean age, 56 years) were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 included 32 patients administered CM (Omnipaque [Iohexol] 350 mg I/ mL; Nycomed, Princeton, NJ) saline solutions kept in an incubator at a constant temperature (37℃). Group 2 included 32 patients administered the CM saline solutions kept at constant room temperature (24℃). Cardiac CT scans were performed with a dual source computed tomography (DSCT) scanner. For each group, region of interest curves were plotted inside the ascending aorta, main pulmonary artery and descending aorta on test bolus images. Using enhancement values, time/enhancement diagrams were produced for each vessel. On diagrams, basal Hounsfield unit (HU) values were subtracted from sequentially obtained values. A value of 100 HU was accepted as a cut-off value for the beginning of opacification. The time to peak, the time required to reach 100 HU opacification, maximum enhancement and duration of enhancement above 100 HU were noted. DSCT angiography studies were evaluated for coronary vessel enhancement. Results Maximum enhancement values in the ascending aorta, descending aorta and main pulmonary artery were significantly higher in group 1 subjects. In the ascending aorta, the median time required to reach 100 HU opacification during the test bolus analysis was significantly shorter for group 2 subjects than for group 1 subjects. In the ascending aorta, the descending aorta and main pulmonary artery, for group 1 subjects, the bolus geometry curve shifted to the left and upwards as compared with the bolus geometry curve for group 2 subjects. Conclusion The use of warmed CM yields higher enhancement values and a shorter time to reach maximum enhancement duration, resulting in a shift of the bolus geometry curve to the left that may provide optimized image quality.PubMedWoSScopu

Kablosuz ağlarda açık arttırmaya dayalı kanal paylaşımı yaklaşımı

Çizge teorinin çeşitli uygulamalarını inceliyoruz ve bunları OSI modelinin 7 katmanına göre sınıflandırıyoruz. Uygulamaların çoğu renklendirme ve bir MAC katmanı uygulaması olan kanal ataması problemi ile ilgilidir. Diğer uygulamalar yönlendirme, topoloji kontrolü, girişim azaltma, algılama işlev ataması, trellis ve durum diyagramlarıdır. Bir çapraz katman (MAC ve fiziksel katman) uygulaması olarak, kavramsal radyo networklerde, işaret girişim gürültü oranı (IGGO) kısıtı altında spektrum paylaşımı sırasında toplam çıktıyı maksimize etme problemini ele alıyoruz. Renklendirme, fiyat teklifi ve açık arttırma teorisi üzerine kurulu, hem birincil hem de ikincil kullanıcılar için toplam faydayı maksimize etmeye çalışan, aynı zamanda da birincil alıcıların kesintiye uğramaması için IGGO koşulunun geçerli kalmasını sağlayan yeni bir algoritma önermekteyiz. Önerilen algoritma ile sonuçları karşılaştırabilmek için girişim etkisini hesaba katmayan bir greedy algoritmayı da ele almaktayız. Bunun için, birincil alıcının kesintiye uğrama olasılığını da hesaba katan net bir çıktı tanımlamaktayız. Simülasyon sonuçları daha yüksek IGGO kısıtı uygulamanın hem toplam hem de ikincil kullanıcıların faydalarını azaltırken, kanal dağılım başarısını da düşürdüğünü göstermektedir. Diğer taraftan açık arttırma yönteminin algoritmaya ilavesi, toplam ve ayrı ayrı kullanıcıların kazançlarını ciddi biçimde arttırmıştır. Özellikle 20 dB IGGO eşik değerlerine kadar, son derece büyük fayda sağladığı görülmüş, sonuçların girişim kısıtı uygulanmayan greedy yönteme yakın performans gösterdiği görülmüştür. Simülasyon sonuçlarında görülen diğer önemli bir nokta da önerilen ve greedy yöntemlerin net çıktılarının bir IGGO eşik değerinde kesişmeleri ve bu değerden sonra önerilen algoritmanın daha iyi sonuçlar vermesidir. Üstelik kesişmenin gerçekleştiği noktanın üstündeki SINR değerleri pratik SINR değerleri ile son derece uyuşmaktadır. Bu da önerilen mekanizmanın açık bir şekilde üstünlüğünü göstermektedir. We investigate various applications of graph theory and classify them based on 7 layers of OSI. Most of its applications are related to coloring and channel assignment problem (MAC). Other applications can be summarized as routing, topology control, interference reduction, sensing function allocation, trellis and state diagrams. As a cross layer application (MAC and physical layers) of graph theory, we consider the problem of throughput maximization during spectrum allocation under Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) constraint in cognitive radio networks. We propose a novel auction-based channel allocation algorithm, in which graph coloring and bidding theory play an important role and which tries to maximize both total and primary users? utilities while satisfying SINR constraint on primary receivers, without controlling secondary user powers. For comparison, we discuss a greedy algorithm as well, however, which does not consider interference issue. In order to compare results of proposed and greedy algorithms, we define net throughput by taking into account outage probability of primary receiver. Simulation results show that exposing higher SINR (outage) threshold not only decreases total gain and primary users? utilities but also worsens channel distribution performance. On the other hand adding auction mechanism significantly increases total gain throughput and primary user? s utility. Especially till SINR threshold values of 20 dBs, auction provides outstanding performance and proposed algorithm has total throughput results close to those of the greedy one even though no interference constraint is applied in the greedy algorithm. Another noticeable point of simulation results is crossover of net throughputs of proposed and greedy algorithms at a SINR threshold level after which results of ABSA-UNIC and NASA-UNIC are much better. This clearly shows superiority of proposed mechanism

The Relationship of Vitamin D Status with Body Mass Index among Obese Adults

Aim: In this study, we aimed to determine vitamin D levels among obese adults and to investigate its relationship with body mass index (BMI). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of obese adult patients who were admitted to Hasköy Family Medicine outpatient clinics at Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Training and Research Hospital between November 2011 and February 2012. The subjects were classified according to their BMI as overweight, obese, and morbid obese. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25-(OH)D) below 10 ng/ ml, insufficiency as 25-(OH)D 10 to 20 ng/ml, and normal vitamin D level as >20 ng/ml. Results: A total of 270 patients (117 male and 153 female) were included in the study. The mean age of study population was 46.21±12.99 years. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 37% and insufficiency in 50% of all patients. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were more common in female patients than in males. Serum 25-(OH)D levels were inversely related to BMI. . Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are highly prevalent in overweight and obese adults, especially in females and, serum 25-(OH)D levels were inversely associated with BMI. Regulation of vitamin D supplementation would be a rational approach in obese patients. (The Medical Bulletin of Haseki 2013; 51: 95-8

SYSTEM THROUGHPUT VERSUS SINR CONSTRAINT IN COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORKS

Cognitive radio (CR) is an emerging technique to improve the utilization of radio frequency spectrum in wireless communication networks. In this paper, we consider the problem of throughput maximization of spectrum allocation in cognitive radio networks. Furthermore, with increasing power level of secondary transmitters, primary receivers are affected by interference and go under outage. Therefore, by taking this into account, we propose a net throughput definition to show throughput change versus SINR threshold. We conduct experiments and evaluate corresponding results