62 research outputs found
Polarisation des flux de bétail par les marchés dans les régions de Ségou et Niono au Mali
48 p.The spatial organization of cattle fluxes in the Malian region of SĂ©gou - Niono features two main facts corresponding to two territorial scales: 1. At first glance the main livestock markets (SĂ©gou and Niono) seem to have a large supply area in common that may be defined relatively to the neighboring regions that do not provide livestock to market; however, back at second reading, this supply basin may be divided in two systems of commercial flux that are well defined, even if they are interdependent: the cattle attractiveness basins of Niono and SĂ©gou. Niono is the big regional cattle market for nomadic or semi-nomadic people coming from the left bank of the Niger River; SĂ©gou is the main cattle market for farmer-herders living in its large periphery in conjunction with the 'Office du Niger'. This distinction clearly appears when considering the length and the orientation of livestock fluxes. The cattle markets attractiveness is still more determined by the livestock systems (pastoralist or agro-herding) than by commercial opportunities.L'organisation spatiale des flux de bovins dans la rĂ©gion de SĂ©gou - Niono prĂ©sente deux faits majeurs, correspondant Ă deux Ă©chelles territoriales : 1. En premiĂšre analyse, les marchĂ©s principaux, SĂ©gou et Niono, semblent avoir un grand bassin d'approvisionnement en bĂ©tail commun qui se dĂ©finit quasiment en creux des rĂ©gions pourtant voisines mais non pourvoyeuses de bĂ©tail ; 2. en deuxiĂšme analyse cependant, ce bassin d'attractivitĂ© peut ĂȘtre divisĂ© en deux systĂšmes de flux commerciaux bien individualisĂ©s, mĂȘme s'ils sont interdĂ©pendants : le bassin d'attractivitĂ© de Niono et celui de SĂ©gou. Niono est le grand marchĂ© rĂ©gional des Ă©leveurs nomades ou semi-nomades venant des rĂ©gions pastorales de la rive gauche du fleuve Niger ; tandis que SĂ©gou est le grand marchĂ© des agro-Ă©leveurs, vivant dans sa grande pĂ©riphĂ©rie, en lien avec la zone Office du Niger. Cette distinction apparait clairement si on considĂšre la longueur et l'orientation des flux de bĂ©tail. Ainsi, l'attractivitĂ© des marchĂ©s au bĂ©tail est toujours davantage dĂ©terminĂ©e par des systĂšmes d'Ă©levage (transhumants ou agro-Ă©levage) que par des opportunitĂ©s d'exporter les animaux vers les marchĂ©s de Bamako et ou de l'Ă©tranger
Proximate composition of traditional local sorghum beer âdoloâ manufactured in Ouagadougou
Dolo is a local beer manufactured from malted sorghum grains. It is the most commonly consumed alcoholic beverage in Burkina Faso (60% of population). Thirty (30) samples of dolo were collected from local markets in Ouagadougou and analyzed with respect to their proximate compositions and pH values using biochemical standard method. The average values of pH, dry matter and insoluble matter among samples were respectively 3.50±0.07, 5.90±1.24% (w/v) and 0.85±0.32% (w/v). Alcohol content in dolo samples was on average 2.30±0.25% (v/v). The total proteins, total carbohydrates and reducing sugars were 26±14.8, 38±20.4 and 10±3.8 Όg/ml, respectively. The lipids were detected as traces in all dolo samples. The energetic value of dolo was on average 21.8±1.6 Kcal/100 ml of which these parameters characterize the quality of dolo.Keywords: Sorghum bicolor, local beer, dolo, alcohol content, composition, Burkina FasoAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(13), pp. 1517-152
QualitĂ© de lâhuile de coton des petites unitĂ©s de production au Mali
Dans le cadre de lâamĂ©lioration de la qualitĂ© de lâhuile de coton des petites unitĂ©s de production, des promoteurs dâunitĂ©s, qui Ă©taient au nombre de 20, ont adhĂ©rĂ© Ă cette Ă©tude qui avait pour objectif la caractĂ©risation physico-chimique des huiles produites par ces petites unitĂ©s. Ces unitĂ©s Ă©taient destinĂ©es Ă la production dâaliments bĂ©tail avant la fermeture de lâusine dâhuilerie cotonniĂšre du Mali. Ces unitĂ©s sont reparties dans la zone cotonniĂšre de la CMDT (Compagnie Malienne de DĂ©veloppement des Textiles) dans les villes de Fana, SĂ©gou, Koutiala, Sikasso, Koulikoro et le District de Bamako. Les Ă©chantillonnages ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©s dans chacune de ces unitĂ©s pour analyse des paramĂštres suivants : les indices dâaciditĂ©, dâiode, de saponification et de peroxyde et de rĂ©fraction, les traces de savon, les matiĂšres insaponifiables, le gossypol, la densitĂ© et lâhumiditĂ©. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que la plupart des paramĂštres Ă©taient conformes aux critĂšres de qualitĂ© du Codex Alimentarius. Mais la prĂ©sence de gossypol dans 50% des Ă©chantillons et les valeurs Ă©levĂ©es de lâindice de rĂ©fraction, nĂ©cessitent dâautres investigations, notamment au niveau des chaĂźnes technologiques dâextraction et de conditionnement des huiles dans ces unitĂ©s
The Impact of Microcredit on Promoting Female Entrepreneurship: The Case of the Cooperative of Women Merchants in the Municipality of Gao
This work is based on a questionnaire intended for women entrepreneurs in the municipality of Gao. This research therefore aims to measure the effect of microcredit on the development of income-generating activities for these women.It is based on a particular case, namely the impact of credit on the activities of traders in the commune of Gao. The methodology used for this research is the descriptive method which is based on a statistical analysis through graphs, and cross tables, with version 20 of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software and the R (4.2.1, our sample was made up of 100 women, all members of the cooperative of women traders in the commune of Gao.Our results indicate that microcredit has a positive effect on the income-generating activities of beneficiaries. Thus, women's access to this credit has enabled them to increase their turnover and their profits, while meeting the conditions for the sustainability of their income-generating activities through the strengthening of organizational capacities. Keywords: female entrepreneurship, micro credit, tradeswoman, multinomial logit. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/14-24-01 Publication date: December 31st 202
Comparison of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities of traditional sorghum beers with other alcoholic beverages
Thirty samples of sorghum beers âdoloâ were selected from traditionally fermented household manufacturers from Burkina Faso. Dolo samples were screened for their total phenolic content, proanthocyanidins and putative antioxidant capacities, and were compared with industrial beers and wines. Total phenols were measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Proanthocyanidins content were determined by the method of HCl-butanol hydrolysis. Antioxidant activities were evaluated both with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and by the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) using 2,2â-azinobis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical) (ABTSâą+). The average contents of total phenols and proanthocyanidins were 506 ÎŒg GAE/ml of dolo and 45 ÎŒg APE/ml of dolo, respectively. An average antioxidant capacity was found in 148 ÎŒmol of TEAC per litre of dolo or 2.2 Όmol of TEAC per gram of dolo. Proanthocyanidins in dolo represent on average, 10% of total phenolic content. Results also showed that the red wines from different brands had higher levels of phenolic content and antioxidant capacities than dolo. Nevertheless, dolo displays higher levels of total phenolic content than lager beers and white wines. Sorghum grains as well as their derived food-products such as local beers are good sources of bioactive compounds comparable to other industrial alcoholic beverages.Keywords: Sorghum bicolor, dolo, beer, total phenols, proanthocyanidins, antioxidant capacit
Determinants of Success of the Young Entrepreneurship: Case of Young Financed by Fier in Segou Region
This research focuses on a less explored subject but one of considerable importance for the development of the Segou region, mainly the determinants of the success of young entrepreneurs. The objective of this research was to determine the success factors of entrepreneurs (entrepreneurial activities) financed by the FIER Project in the region of Segou. As part of this research, data were collected from a sample of 334 (three hundred and thirty-four) young entrepreneurs who are partners in the project.The results show that six (6) branches of activity were identified which are cattle fattening at 65.3%, followed by sheep fattening at 27.2%, cereal trade at 4.2%, goat breeding at 1.8 %, vegetable gardening at 1.2% ended by the trade of agricultural inputs 0.3%. Almost half of the entrepreneurs interviewed (46.1%) have more than 2 years of experience in their sector of activity, generally between 3 and 4 years. The DFS, partners of the young people in the sample, are CAECE JIGISEME, CVECA/ON, KAFO JIGINEW and NYESIGISO.The results of the logistic regression indicate that the motivation of young people to be their own boss, to value themselves, the experience in the activity, the financing of FIER and the Restitution of the amount received are significant at the threshold of 0.1%, 1 % and 5%. The Wald test confirms variables such as the motivation of the young person, the number of years in the activity, the structure of the financing, the personal contribution, the restitution and the start of production. Keyswords: Rural entrepreneurship, young, determinants, FIER, Segou, ACM. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/15-6-02 Publication date:March 31st 202
Phase 1 Study of a Combination AMA1 Blood Stage Malaria Vaccine in Malian Children
Apical Membrane Antigen-1 (AMA1) is one of the leading blood stage malaria vaccine candidates. AMA1-C1/Alhydrogel consists of an equal mixture of recombinant AMA1 from FVO and 3D7 clones of P. falciparum, adsorbed onto Alhydrogel. A Phase 1 study in semi-immune adults in Mali showed that the vaccine was safe and immunogenic, with higher antibody responses in those who received the 80 microg dose. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and immunogenicity of this vaccine in young children in a malaria endemic area.This was a Phase 1 dose escalating study in 36 healthy children aged 2-3 years started in March 2006 in Donéguébougou, Mali. Eighteen children in the first cohort were randomized 2 ratio 1 to receive either 20 microg AMA1-C1/Alhydrogel or Haemophilus influenzae type b Hiberix vaccine. Two weeks later 18 children in the second cohort were randomized 2 ratio 1 to receive either 80 microg AMA1-C1/Alhydrogel or Haemophilus influenzae type b Hiberix vaccine. Vaccinations were administered on Days 0 and 28 and participants were examined on Days 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14 after vaccination and then about every two months. Results to Day 154 are reported in this manuscript.Of 36 volunteers enrolled, 33 received both vaccinations. There were 9 adverse events related to the vaccination in subjects who received AMA1-C1 vaccine and 7 in those who received Hiberix. All were mild to moderate. No vaccine-related serious or grade 3 adverse events were observed. There was no increase in adverse events with increasing dose of vaccine or number of immunizations. In subjects who received the test vaccine, antibodies to AMA1 increased on Day 14 and peaked at Day 42, with changes from baseline significantly different from subjects who received control vaccine.AMA-C1 vaccine is well tolerated and immunogenic in children in this endemic area although the antibody response was short lived.Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00341250
Safety of Single-Dose Primaquine in G6PD-Deficient and G6PD-Normal Males in Mali Without Malaria : An Open-Label, Phase 1, Dose-Adjustment Trial
Erratum: The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 217, Issue 7, 1 April 2018, Page 1171, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy074Methods: We conducted an open-label, nonrandomized, dose-adjustment trial of the safety of 3 single doses of primaquine in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient adult males in Mali, followed by an assessment of safety in G6PD-deficient boys aged 11â17 years and those aged 5â10 years, including G6PD-normal control groups. The primary outcome was the greatest within-person percentage drop in hemoglobin concentration within 10 days after treatment. Results: Fifty-one participants were included in analysis. G6PD-deficient adult males received 0.40, 0.45, or 0.50 mg/kg of SLD-PQ. G6PD-deficient boys received 0.40 mg/kg of SLD-PQ. There was no evidence of symptomatic hemolysis, and adverse events considered related to study drug (n = 4) were mild. The mean largest within-person percentage change in hemoglobin level between days 0 and 10 was â9.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], â13.5% to â5.90%) in G6PD-deficient adults receiving 0.50 mg/kg of SLD-PQ, â11.5% (95% CI, â16.1% to â6.96%) in G6PD-deficient boys aged 11â17 years, and â9.61% (95% CI, â7.59% to â13.9%) in G6PD-deficient boys aged 5â10 years. The lowest hemoglobin concentration at any point during the study was 92 g/L. Conclusion: SLD-PQ doses between 0.40 and 0.50 mg/kg were well tolerated in G6PD-deficient males in Mali.Methods: We conducted an open-label, nonrandomized, dose-adjustment trial of the safety of 3 single doses of primaquine in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient adult males in Mali, followed by an assessment of safety in G6PD-deficient boys aged 11â17 years and those aged 5â10 years, including G6PD-normal control groups. The primary outcome was the greatest within-person percentage drop in hemoglobin concentration within 10 days after treatment. Results: Fifty-one participants were included in analysis. G6PD-deficient adult males received 0.40, 0.45, or 0.50 mg/kg of SLD-PQ. G6PD-deficient boys received 0.40 mg/kg of SLD-PQ. There was no evidence of symptomatic hemolysis, and adverse events considered related to study drug (n = 4) were mild. The mean largest within-person percentage change in hemoglobin level between days 0 and 10 was â9.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], â13.5% to â5.90%) in G6PD-deficient adults receiving 0.50 mg/kg of SLD-PQ, â11.5% (95% CI, â16.1% to â6.96%) in G6PD-deficient boys aged 11â17 years, and â9.61% (95% CI, â7.59% to â13.9%) in G6PD-deficient boys aged 5â10 years. The lowest hemoglobin concentration at any point during the study was 92 g/L. Conclusion: SLD-PQ doses between 0.40 and 0.50 mg/kg were well tolerated in G6PD-deficient males in Mali.Peer reviewe
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