Організація фізичного виховання школярів спеціальних медичних груп

Актуальність дослідження зумовлена невизначеністю системи організації фізичного виховання школярів спеціальних медичних груп. Завдання дослідження – узагальнити досвід теорії й практики з проблеми організації та методики проведення уроків фізичної культури з учнями спеціальних медичних груп. Найбільш ефек-тивний вплив на покращання здоров’я дітей можна здійснювати, проводячи заняття учнів спеціальної медичної групи на уроках фізичної культури, які проводяться окремою підгрупою за розкладом уроків основної медичної групи, та заняття учнів спеціальної медичної групи на уроках фізичної культури, що проводяться в позаурочний час. Отже, на сьогодні не розв’язаною залишається проблема організації уроків фізичної культури з учнями спеціальної медичної групи. Наявні підходи до проведення таких занять мають переваги та недоліки об’єктивного й суб’єктивного характеру. The research actuality is caused by the vagueness of the system of organization of physical education of schoolchildren in special medical groups. Research task: to generalize the experience of theory and practice of organization and methodology of conducting lesson of physical culture with students of special medical groups. The most effective influence on improvement of children health can made by organizing physical culture lessons for schoolchildren in special medical groups which are conducted to a separate group on the lessons curriculum of basic medical group and the lessons for students of the special medical groups which are organized in after-school time. It is consequently that nowadays a problem of organization of physical culture lessons with the students of. special medical groups stays unsolved Existent methods of organization of such lessons have advantages and disadvantages of objective and subjective character

Above-ground phytomass dynamics in autogenic succession of an ecosystem

It was found that a regular growth in the above-ground phytomass occurs during autogenic succession, which is approximated by logarithmic dependence with high reliability indices. External, including anthropogenic, effects on the process of succession lead to a decrease in the rate of phytomass growth. Besides, the rate of phytomass changes is influenced by endo-ecogenesis caused by various plant species, entering the ecosystem at certain stages of succession. The above-ground phytomass portioning behaviour makes it possible to use it to create a unified indicator of dynamics. Each plant species can be only within certain indicators of the phytomass of their plant communities. At the same time, there is a normal distribution of the projective cover value. This allows us to work out synphytoindication methods for determining the dynamics indicato

Agroecological and agroeconomic aspects of the grain and grain legumes (pulses) yield dynamic within the Dnipropetrovsk region (period 1966–2016)

This paper reveals the spatial and temporal patterns of grain and leguminous crops yield dynamics in Dnipropetrovsk region and evaluates the role of agro-environmental and agro-economic factors in their formation. Crop data were obtained from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The data of the grain and grain legumes (pulses) yield during 1966–2016 on average per year in the administrative districts of Dnipropetrovsk region was analysed. The obtained data indicate that average yields of cereals and leguminous crops within Dnipropetrovsk region varies from 24.3 to 33.4 CWT/ha. The smallest interannual variability in yield is typical for Vasylkivskyi district (CV = 9.9%), and the largest is typical for Yurivskyi district (CV = 27.7%). As a result of the principal component analysis of the cereals and leguminous crops yields variability, three principal components were extracted which together explain 81.2% of the overall yield variability. Principal component 1 explains 69.4% of the total variability. It indicates the total synchronous yields variation within the area investigated as all examined variables have high loading values on principal component 1. The administrative districts that form a belt located in the direction from the north east to the south west of the region have the most coordinated variance, which is reflected by principal component 1. Principal component 2 explains 6.8% of the yield variability. This principal component is sensitive to opposite yield dynamics of central and south-western districts on the one hand and the eastern and northern districts – on the other. Principal component 3 explains 4.9% of the yield variability. This principal component reveals the opposite dynamics of productivity of the central districts on the one hand and the northern and south-eastern districts on the other. The cluster analysis of administrative districts was conducted based on the dynamics of the yield of grain and leguminous as a result of which four clusters were identified. The clusters are geographically defined administrative districts, together forming spatially connected areas. The similar temporal yield dynamics of grain and leguminous crops as a result of interaction between endogenous and exogenous ecological factors is the main principle for revealling such ecologically homogeneous territories. Spatial distribution of principal components indicates a continual pattern, but their overlapping allows one to extract spatially discrete units, which we identified as agroecological zones. Each zone is characterized by a certain character and dynamics of production capacity and has an invariant pattern of response to varying climatic, environmental, and agroeconomic factors

Agroecological and agroeconomic aspects of the grain and grain legumes (pulses) yield dynamic within the Dnipropetrovsk region (period 1966–2016)

This paper reveals the spatial and temporal patterns of grain and leguminous crops yield dynamics in Dnipropetrovsk region and evaluates the role of agro-environmental and agro-economic factors in their formation. Crop data were obtained from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The data of the grain and grain legumes (pulses) yield during 1966–2016 on average per year in the administrative districts of Dnipropetrovsk region was analysed. The obtained data indicate that average yields of cereals and leguminous crops within Dnipropetrovsk region varies from 24.3 to 33.4 CWT/ha. The smallest interannual variability in yield is typical for Vasylkivskyi district (CV = 9.9%), and the largest is typical for Yurivskyi district (CV = 27.7%). As a result of the principal component analysis of the cereals and leguminous crops yields variability, three principal components were extracted which together explain 81.2% of the overall yield variability. Principal component 1 explains 69.4% of the total variability. It indicates the total synchronous yields variation within the area investigated as all examined variables have high loading values on principal component 1. The administrative districts that form a belt located in the direction from the north east to the south west of the region have the most coordinated variance, which is reflected by principal component 1. Principal component 2 explains 6.8% of the yield variability. This principal component is sensitive to opposite yield dynamics of central and south-western districts on the one hand and the eastern and northern districts – on the other. Principal component 3 explains 4.9% of the yield variability. This principal component reveals the opposite dynamics of productivity of the central districts on the one hand and the northern and south-eastern districts on the other. The cluster analysis of administrative districts was conducted based on the dynamics of the yield of grain and leguminous as a result of which four clusters were identified. The clusters are geographically defined administrative districts, together forming spatially connected areas. The similar temporal yield dynamics of grain and leguminous crops as a result of interaction between endogenous and exogenous ecological factors is the main principle for revealling such ecologically homogeneous territories. Spatial distribution of principal components indicates a continual pattern, but their overlapping allows one to extract spatially discrete units, which we identified as agroecological zones. Each zone is characterized by a certain character and dynamics of production capacity and has an invariant pattern of response to varying climatic, environmental, and agroeconomic factors. Keywords: agroecological factors; yield; grain; leguminous crops; spatial and temporal variability; principal components analysi

Temperature effect on the temporal dynamic of terrestrial invertebrates in technosols formed after reclamation at a post-mining site in Ukrainian steppe drylands

The research was carried out at the Research Centre of the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University in Pokrov city. Sampling was carried out in 2013–2015 on a variant of artificial soil (technosols) formed on loess-like loam, red-brown clay, green-grey clay, technological mixture of rocks, and also formed on loess-like loam with a humus-rich 70 cm top soil layer. To investigate the spatiotemporal variation in the abundance, species richness and species composition of invertebrate assemblages within the experimental polygon, the animals were sampled using pitfall traps. In total, 60 pitfall traps were operated simultaneously during each sampling period. Each year the pitfalls were emptied 26 times every 7–9 days. Invertebrates (Arthropoda and Mollusca) of 6 classes, 13 orders, 50 families and 202 species or parataxonomic units were recorded. Diplopoda was most abundant taxonomic group, though it was represented by only one species Rossiulus kessleri (Lohmander, 1927). Coleoptera and Araneae were the most numerous taxonomic groups. Readily available water for plants, precipitation, wind speed, atmospheric temperature (daily minimum, daily maximum, daily mean), atmospheric humidity and atmospheric pressure were used as environmental predictors. Two dimension geographic coordinates of the sampling locations were used to generate a set of orthogonal eigenvector-based spatial variables. Time series of sampling dates were used to generate a set of orthogonal eigenvector-based temporal variables. The moisture content in the technosols was revealed to be the most important factor determining the temporal dynamics of the terrestrial invertebrate community in conditions of semi-arid climate and the ecosystem which formed as a result of the reclamation process. Following soil moisture, the factor most strongly affecting invertebrates in the technosols was temperature. From the total set of the invertebrates, two relatively homogeneous species groups in terms of thermal preferences were extracted: the microtemperature and mesotemperature groups. The microtemperature species are more tolerant to the thermal factor, and the mesotemperature species are more sensitive. The Huisman-Olff-Fresco approach expanded by Jansen-Oksanen provides a wide set of ecologically relevant models which are able to explain species response. The species response to temperature is affected by a complex of other environmental, temporal and spatial factors. The effect of other factors on the species response must be previously extracted to find real estimations of the species temperature optima and tolerance. The approaches to solving this problem may be the object of future investigation

БАЛАНСОВИЙ МЕТОД ІНТЕГРОВАНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ВОДОВІДВЕДЕННЯМ ЗА ОБ’ЄМАМИ ТА МІНЕРАЛІЗАЦІЄЮ ШАХТНИХ ВОД У БАСЕЙНІ p. ІНГУЛЕЦЬ

The balance method of determining the share of Kryvyi Rig Basin enterprises by the accumulated volume of mine water in the storage pond was considered. The balance method of participation of mining enterprises by the shares of mineral substances was formalized. An integrated approach of the control of water removal into the storage pond when using linear convolution of two balance equations by both the share of water volumes and the mineralization rate in the water discharges of enterprises was developed. It takes into account the choice of equity participation in mine water removal by economic and environmental criteria. The algorithm of equity participation of mining enterprises of Kryvyi Rih Basin on the principles of equality of two criteria was substantiated. The calculations of the share of discharge water accumulation in the storage pond of the Svistunov gully were carried out. The estimated price for water removal of one cubic meter of water into the storage pond by two criteria was considered. The estimation criteria are the volumes of pumped water and mineralization rate. Graphical dependences of the estimated price on the ratio of discharges concentration of different enterprises to the mixture concentration were built. Different estimation coefficients were used: paid water removal by water volumes; assessment of water removal only by mineralization rate; equal approach by the volumes (50%) and mineralization rate (50%). The calculations showed the efficiency of the algorithm, the applicability of its use by enterprises for integrated control of mine water removal by the criteria of volume and mineralization rate. The proposed balance method can be easily generalized when using other indicators of water quality (chlorides, sulfates, etc.), which are considered to be the most relevant for determining the equity participation of enterprises. In the future it is necessary to develop a theory of paid water use and water removal in conditions of unsatisfactory water quality, taking into account the integrated approach by different indicators that means multi-criteria assessment of water removal and accumulation of mine water.Розглянуто балансовий метод визначення пайової участі підприємств  Кривбасу за об’ємами акумуляції шахтних вод у ставку-накопичувачу. Формалізовано балансовий метод участі гірничорудних підприємств за частками мінеральних речовин. Розроблено інтегрований підхід до управління водовідведенням у ставок-накопичувач за лінійною згорткою двох балансових рівнянь, сумісно за часткою об’ємів вод та величиною мінералізації в скидах підприємств, що враховує вибір пайової участі у водовідведенні шахтних вод за економічними та екологічними критеріями. Обґрунтовано алгоритм пайової участі гірничорудних підприємств Кривбасу на принципах рівноправності двох критеріїв. Проведено практичні розрахунки частки акумуляції скидних вод у ставку-накопичувачу балки Свистунова. Розглянуто зважену за двома критеріями ціну за водовідведення 1 м3 води в ставок-накоплювач. Критеріями є об’єми відкачаних вод та величина мінералізації. Побудовано графічні залежності зваженої ціни від відношення концентрації скидів різних підприємств до концентрації суміші. Використовуються різні коефіцієнти зваження: платне водовідведення за часткою об’ємів вод; оцінка водовідведення тільки за величиною мінералізації; рівноправний підхід за часткою об’ємів (50%) та мінеральних речовин (50%). Розрахунки показали працездатність алгоритму, можливість його використання підприємствами для інтегрованого управління водовідведенням шахтних вод за критеріями об’ємів та мінералізації. Запропонований балансовий метод легко узагальнити на інші показники якості води (хлориди, сульфати та ін.), які вважаються у певній задачі найбільш актуальними для визначення пайової участі підприємств. В перспективі необхідно розробити теорію платного водокористування та водовідведення в умовах незадовільної якості води з урахуванням інтегрованого підходу за різних показників та їх сукупності, тобто багатокритеріальну оцінку водовідведення та акумуляції шахтних вод

Technical and organizational measures and means of ensuring the safety of the production process

The organization of a safe environment at the enterprise is formed up not only due to the perfection of safety regulations and their observance, but also due to the fact that all the proposed safety measures are fully consistent with production needs and can be considered as a function of ensuring the development of production. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that the use of modern systems for the formation and establishment of the safety of the production process allows you to boost production activities and positions of the enterprise in the foreign market. The novelty of the study is determined by the conformity of the proposed regulatory indicators and the form of their approval at the enterprise. The authors put the mathematical model at the basis of the proposed indicators, which corresponds to the main decisions of modern quality standards. The article shows the possibility of determining diversity and the formation of requirements that are recommended for implementation based on operational indicators of the enterprise. The authors present a mathematical and graphical model for integrating safety requirements into the overall structure of the production process. The practical significance of the study is determined by the possibilities of the formation of individual requirement parameters for ensuring the safety of the production process for local industries