PRODUTOS DA CADEIA PRODUTIVA DA CARNAUBEIRA E SEUS EFEITOS NA ALIMENTAÇÃO ANIMAL

Palm wax, a native plant to the Northeast of Brazil, deserves great attention in relation to its possibilities of use from its different products, especially when used in animal feed. Thus, the objective of this review was to present the different applications of the different products obtained from wax palm, with emphasis on their effects when used in animal feed. Among the products, byproducts and coproducts obtained from the palm wax, mention the wax, the main product of the extractivism of this plant, the straw, resulting from the extraction of wax from the wax palm leaf, roots, stem and fruit. The applications of such products are very diverse, from their use in different industries, handicrafts, civil construction, until their use in the pharmaceutical industry. Regarding the possibilities of use in animal feeding, there are already reports of use of the different products of wax palm, where only the leaves showed signs of intoxication when administered to cattle and goats. The other products derived from wax palm (wax, straw and fruit) did not present such effects, varying between positive and negative responses regarding the improvement of the various parameters evaluated. In this way, concluded that the use of the products derived from wax palm in animal feed, their perspectives of use show promising.A carnaubeira, planta nativa do Nordeste brasileiro, merece grande destaque em relação às suas possibilidades de uso, a partir dos seus diferentes produtos, especialmente quando utilizados na alimentação animal. Desta forma, o objetivo desta revisão foi apresentar as diversas aplicações dos diferentes produtos obtidos da carnaubeira, com ênfase nos seus efeitos quando utilizados na alimentação animal. Dentre os produtos, subprodutos e coprodutos obtidos da carnaubeira, pode-se citar a cera (principal produto do extrativismo desta planta), a bagana (palha resultante da extração da cera da folha da carnaubeira), raízes, caule e fruto. As aplicações de tais produtos são as mais diversas, desde seu uso nas diferentes indústrias, artesanato, construção civil, até seu uso na indústria farmacêutica. Em relação às possibilidades de uso na alimentação animal, já se observam relatos de uso dos diferentes produtos da carnaubeira, onde apenas as folhas apresentaram sinais de intoxicação, quando administradas a bovinos e caprinos. Os demais produtos oriundos da carnaubeira (cera, bagana e fruto) não apresentaram tais efeitos, variando entre respostas positivas e negativas, quanto à melhoria dos diversos parâmetros avaliados. Desta forma, pode-se concluir que, a utilização dos produtos oriundos da carnaubeira na alimentação animal e suas perspectivas de uso se mostram promissoras

FLUIDO AMNIÓTICO, ALTERNATIVA EFICIENTE PARA OBTENÇÃO DE CÉLULAS-TRONCO MESENQUIMAIS MULTIPOTENTES

In the last decade there has been a growing interest in investigation of presence of stem cells in amniotic fluid due to the ease of obtaining, isolating and in vitro culture. In addition, the use of amniotic fluid as a source of stem cells makes it possible to obtain cells with a high degree of indifferentiation and a high rate of in vitro proliferation and a great capacity for differentiation. All of these advantages make amniotic fluid an attractive source of stem cells for use in reproductive biotechnologies, such as cloning and transgenesis, as well as clinical trials in animals for further use in humans. This article presents a panorama of the scientific research with stem cells derived from amniotic fluid in the world, from a bibliographical survey of scientific articles of Brazilian and foreign researchers.Na última década houve um crescente interesse na investigação quanto à presença de células-tronco no fluido amniótico, devido a facilidade de obtenção, isolamento e cultivo in vitro. Além disso, a utilização do fluido como fonte de células-tronco possibilita a obtenção de células com alto grau de indiferenciação e elevada taxa de proliferação in vitro e grande capacidade de diferenciação. Todas estas vantagens tornam o líquido amniótico uma fonte atrativa de células-tronco para utilização em biotecnologias reprodutivas, como a clonagem e transgênese, bem como ensaios clínicos e terapias celulares em animais para posterior utilização em seres humanos. Este artigo apresenta um panorama da pesquisa científica com células-tronco derivadas do fluido amniótico no mundo, a partir de levantamento bibliográfico de artigos científicos de pesquisadores brasileiros e estrangeiros

AVALIAÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA E MICROBIOLÓGICA DO LEITE DE CABRA PASTEURIZADO E COMERCIALIZADO EM FORTALEZA, CE *

Pasteurized goat milk samples commercialized into Fortaleza, State of Ceará, Brazil, had the quality conditions evaluated. The physical chemistry analyses showed out 100% of samples were in accordance with the Federal Legislation, while microbiological evaluation observed 96.43% of agreement. The presence of peroxidase was observed in 97% of samples whereas phosphatase was totally absent in all tested samples.Avaliou-se a qualidade físico-química e microbiológica de amostras de leite de cabra pasteurizado, comercializado na cidade de Fortaleza (CE). Os resultados das análises físico-químicas evidenciaram que 100% das amostras estavam de acordo com a legislação, assim como 96,43% das amostras analisadas microbiologicamente. A presença de peroxidase foi observada em 97% das amostras e a ausência da fosfatase em 100%. Concluiu-se que o leite de cabra pasteurizado e comercializado na cidade de Fortaleza apresenta condições higiênicas e sanitárias satisfatórias

Impact Of Hypotensive Action Of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor On Ovarian-Intraovarian Blood Flow And Follicles Development In Goats Hormonally Stimulated With Repeated Fsh-Ecg Treatment

Background: Recent evidence shows that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) participates in important reproductive processes, such as steroidogenesis, folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation and ovulation. Several studies have proposed to use an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) as a RAS modulator, aiming to improve reproductive efficiency, however, the presence of the main components of this system in reproductive tissues still need to be further investigated, since the physiological functions seem to be species-specific. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of enalapril-maleate, an ACE inhibitor, during repeated gonadotropins treatment on ovarian blood flow and follicular development in goats. Materials, Methods and Results: Twenty Anglo-Nubian cross-bred goats were equally grouped according to parity (n=10/group): nulliparous and multiparous parity. In each group, five animals were randomly selected to receive 0.4 mg.kg-1 of enalapril-maleate during 11 days of estrus synchronization and gonadotropins treatments. The other animals received the same volume of saline solution. Estrus synchronization of all goats was made by intramuscular administration of PGF2α analog, followed 48 h later by intravaginal insertion of a controlled internal drug release device. Forty-eight hours after device withdrawal, a single dose of 60 mg of FSH plus 300 UI of eCG was administered and repeated every 4 days to complete 3 treatments. Transrectal ultrasonography was performed using pulsed and color Doppler to evaluate Doppler velocimetrics parameters of the ovarian artery and intraovarian blood flow, respectively, and B-mode real-time ultrasound scanner to evaluate the follicular development. In the females treated with enalapril-maleate was observed a significant reduction of systolic and diastolic peak, without difference according to parity. In addition, in the third session of hormonal stimulation, only the groups (nulliparous and multiparous) not treated with enalapril maleate had a significant increase in the intraovarian blood flow (Doppler area). In treated group was also found a greater number of small follicles, a lower proportion of follicle ≥ 5 mm and a smaller follicular size. In the same group, the nulliparous females had a lower proportion of large follicles compared to the saline group, otherwise, there were no differences between the treatments in multiparous goats. In the group treated with enalapril maleate, higher number of large follicles was observed in multiparous animals than in the nulliparous ones.Discussion: In vivo and in vitro studies have shown clear effects of RAS modulation on reproductive aspects. Our results confirmed the hypotensive effect of enalapril maleate on the ovarian artery and intraovarian blood flow, also showing that the administration of the drug reduced the process of follicular depletion and the growth of large follicles. These findings suggest that the hypotensive effects observed in our experiment, result from the treatment with the ACE inhibitor, and that this alteration in hemodynamic parameters may be the main responsible for the lower follicular response observed in animals treated with enalapril-maleate. We suggest that further studies are necessary to elucidate possible effects of the administration of an ACE inhibitor on ovarian activity, especially in the expression of genes associated with follicular, oocyte and embryonic development. Finally, the study conclude that the administration of enalapril-maleate in our experimental condition exhibit a hypotensive effect on ovarian circulatory system but did not show to promote a real benefit of follicular development in goats.

Genetic variability of six indigenous goat breeds using major histocompatibility complex-associated microsatellite markers

The present study aimed at analyzing the genetic variability of indigenous goat breeds (Capra hircus) using the MHC-associated microsatellite markers BF1, BM1818, BM1258, DYMS1, and SMHCC1. The following breeds were included: Chinese Xuhuai, Indian Changthangi and Pashmina, Kenyan Small East African (SEA) and Galla, and Albanian Vendi. To examine genetic variability, the levels of heterozigosity, degrees of inbreeding, and genetic differences among the breeds were analyzed. The mean number of alleles ranged from nine in the Galla to 14.5 in the Vendi breed. The mean observed heterozygosity and mean expected heterozygosity varied from 0.483 in the Vendi to 0.577 in the Galla breed, and from 0.767 in the SEA to 0.879 in the Vendi breed, respectively. Significant loss of heterozygosity (p < 0.01) indicated that these loci were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The mean FIS values ranged from 0.3299 in the SEA to 0.4605 in the Vendi breed with a mean value of 0.3623 in all breeds (p < 0.001). Analysis of molecular variance indicated that 7.14% and 4.74% genetic variation existed among the different breeds and geographic groups, whereas 92.86% and 95.26% existed in the breeds and the geographic groups, respectively (p < 0.001). The microsatellite marker analysis disclosed a high degree of genetic polymorphism. Loss of heterozygosity could be due to genetic drift and endogamy. The genetic variation among populations and geographic groups does not indicate a correlation of genetic differences with geographic distance