Solid State Chemistry of Thallous Molybdate

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Tracheostomy among pediatric patients: A review

Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure which has been performed since ancient time. Tracheostomy is a life-saving surgical procedure done among critically sick patients. Children with airway compromise often require tracheostomy. The indication of the tracheostomy among children ranges from airway obstruction to prolonged mechanical ventilator support. There are numerous research papers published for adult tracheostomy with its indications, operative technique, and complications, but the literature on pediatric tracheostomy is scarce. Advanced technique of pediatric anesthesia and increased awareness for vaccination for serious diseases such as polio, measles, diphtheria, tetanus, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) among children increased the changing indication for tracheostomy from emergency to more elective procedure. Standardization of the procedure, timing, and exact indications is helping to reduce the mortality related to the tracheostomy among the pediatric patients. Here, we attempt to discuss the indications, techniques, selection of the tracheostomy tube complications, and outcome of the tracheostomy among pediatric patients

Normal saline nasal irrigation in childhood allergic rhinosinusitis: Our experiences in a tertiary care teaching hospital of Eastern India

Background: Allergic rhinosinusitis (AR) is a common clinical disorder among pediatric patients. There are different modalities of the treatment for AR ranging from antihistamines, corticosteroids, and mast cell stabilizers in oral or topical formulations. Objective: The objective of the study was to find out the effect of nasal saline irrigation or saline spray for reducing the symptoms in childhood AR along with an oral antiallergic treatment. Materials and Methods: The present study is a prospective study of the children suffering from AR between December 2017 and January 2019. All the children were in the age group of 5–16 years. All were randomly divided into two groups. In Group I, nasal saline irrigation was done in 56 patients twice a day along with an oral antiallergic treatment. Group II or control group consists of 56 children of AR those received only oral antiallergic treatment. Follow-up was done at the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th weeks after treatment and symptom scores were compared with previous clinical presentations. The data were analyzed by applying t-test. Results: Each group had 56 children with a mean age of 12.6 years in Group-I whereas 11.7 years in Group-II. The percentage disability scores (PDSs) at the beginning of the study were comparable in both the groups (83% vs. 88%). Both groups showed improvement in the PDS after treatment at the 2nd week; however, it was more in Group-I than in Group-II (p<0.001, paired t-test). Conclusion: Involvement of normal saline irrigation with oral antiallergic treatment in the present study provided satisfactory symptomatic relief in comparison with antiallergic treatment in pediatric patients suffering from AR

Review on Bioactive and Antioxidant Potential of Coloured Fruits and Vegetables

The colour of fruits and vegetables represent a lot about their nutritional value. These nutritional values are due to presence of bioactive substances like vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and phytochemicals. Among natural dietary supplements, fruits and vegetables, in spite of low in calorific value, play very important role in human diet as a major source of biologically active compounds. Now a days, fruits and vegetables are gaining popularity and new ways of using as nutraceutical, antioxidants and medicines for treating diabetes, atherosclerosis, mastitis, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, foot and mouth disease, gastric disorders, night blindness, skin allergies, hypersensitivity reaction, food poisoning, retention of placenta etc. The medicinal benefits are suitable for both the human as well as animals, being cost economic without side effect. The North Eastern Terai region of Uttar Pradesh harbors green lush vegetation having coloured fruits and vegetables. Till date 25 fruits and 21 vegetables plants are reported, which have enormous biological power and potential of nutraceutically active biomolecules. Therefore, the present study has undertaken to ascertain the possibilities of nutraceutical potential of coloured fruits and vegetables. Keywords; Nutraceuticals, Antioxidants, Phytochemicals, Bioactive molecule

Linear Stability of Equilibrium Points in the Generalized Photogravitational Chermnykh's Problem

The equilibrium points and their linear stability has been discussed in the generalized photogravitational Chermnykh's problem. The bigger primary is being considered as a source of radiation and small primary as an oblate spheroid. The effect of radiation pressure has been discussed numerically. The collinear points are linearly unstable and triangular points are stable in the sense of Lyapunov stability provided $\mu< \mu_{Routh}=0.0385201$. The effect of gravitational potential from the belt is also examined. The mathematical properties of this system are different from the classical restricted three body problem

Analyzing mechanisms of action of antimicrobial peptides on bacterial membranes requires multiple complimentary assays and different bacterial strains

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) commonly target bacterial membranes and show broad-spectrum activity against microorganisms. In this research we used three AMPs (nisin, epilancin 15×, [R4L10]-teixobactin) and tested their membrane effects towards three strains (Staphylococcus simulans, Micrococcus flavus, Bacillus megaterium) in relation with their antibacterial activity. We describe fluorescence and luminescence-based assays to measure effects on membrane potential, intracellular pH, membrane permeabilization and intracellular ATP levels. The results show that our control peptide, nisin, performed mostly as expected in view of its targeted pore-forming activity, with fast killing kinetics that coincided with severe membrane permeabilization in all three strains. However, the mechanisms of action of both Epilancin 15× as well as [R4L10]-teixobactin appeared to depend strongly on the bacterium tested. In certain specific combinations of assay, peptide and bacterium, deviations from the general picture were observed. This was even the case for nisin, indicating the importance of using multiple assays and bacteria for mode of action studies to be able to draw proper conclusions on the mode of action of AMPs

Mode of action of teixobactins in cellular membranes

The natural antibiotic teixobactin kills pathogenic bacteria without detectable resistance. The difficult synthesis and unfavourable solubility of teixobactin require modifications, yet insufficient knowledge on its binding mode impedes the hunt for superior analogues. Thus far, teixobactins are assumed to kill bacteria by binding to cognate cell wall precursors (Lipid II and III). Here we present the binding mode of teixobactins in cellular membranes using solid-state NMR, microscopy, and affinity assays. We solve the structure of the complex formed by an improved teixobactin-analogue and Lipid II and reveal how teixobactins recognize a broad spectrum of targets. Unexpectedly, we find that teixobactins only weakly bind to Lipid II in cellular membranes, implying the direct interaction with cell wall precursors is not the sole killing mechanism. Our data suggest an additional mechanism affords the excellent activity of teixobactins, which can block the cell wall biosynthesis by capturing precursors in massive clusters on membranes

Light Induced Liesegang Type Patterns in Batch and Flow Reactors

10-22Recent work on light induced Liesegang type patterns of living and non-living systems has been reviewed Experimental set ups for light induced experiments in flow reactors and electric field experiments have been described Mechanistic aspects of precipitation processes in the presence and absence of light have also been examined