Sobre uma coluna vertebral de um titanossaurídeo (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) do grupo Bauru, Neocretáceo do Brasil

A new titanosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous continental deposits of the Bauru Group is described. Trigonosaurus pricei n.gen., n.sp., is based on two specimens, both collected at the Caieira Quarry near Peirópolis, Minas Gerais. The holotype consists of the five most posterior cervical vertebrae, 10 dorsals, six sacrals and the left ilium (MCT 1488-R). The second specimen (paratype) consists of 10 caudal vertebrae that according to a quarry map, were found isolated but show a similar morphology and compatible size suggesting that they belonged to one individual (MCT 1719-R). Trigonosaurus pricei is diagnosed by a combination of characters such as elongated cervicals and middorsals, dorsal vertebrae 9 and 10 with incipient postzygodiapophyseal lamina and transverse processes well developed throughout the sequence formed by anterior and medial caudals. The occurrence of this new taxon indicates a higher diversity of titanosaurids in the Brazil during the Cretaceous period.Um novo titanossaurídeo procedente dos depósitos continentais do grupo Bauru (Neocretáceo) é descrito. Trigonosaurus pricei n.gen., n.sp. é baseado em dois exemplares coletados na localidade Caieira na região de Peirópolis, Minas Gerais. O holótipo é composto das últimas cinco vértebras cervicais, 10 vértebras dorsais, seis sacrais e o ílio esquerdo (MCT 1488-R). O segundo exemplar (parátipo) é formado por 10 vértebras caudais que, de acordo com um mapa da escavação, foram encontradas isoladas, mas apresentam o mesmo padrão morfológico e um tamanho compatível, sendo, deste modo, consideradas como pertencentes a um mesmo indivíduo (MCT 1719-R). Trigonosaurus pricei é diagnosticado por uma combinação de caracteres tais como vértebras cervicais e dorsais médias alongadas, vértebras dorsais 9 e 10 com uma incipiente lâmina diapopós-zigapofisiária e processos transversos bem desenvolvidos por toda seqüência anterior e média da série caudal. A ocorrência deste novo táxon demonstra a existência de uma maior diversidade de titanosaurídeos no Brasil durante o período Cretáceo

Palaeohistology and palaeopathology of an Aeolosaurini (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from Morro do Cambambe (Upper Cretaceous, Brazil)

Altres ajuts: CAISEP (Comisión de Ayudas a la Investigación de la Sociedad Española de Paleontología) project #2018-07153A recent publication of fossil bones of titanosaurs assigned to Aeolosaurini from the Morro do Cambambe site (Mato Grosso state, Brazil, Upper Cretaceous) reported anomalous growth in some of them. Here, we present osteohistological sections of elements to understand not only the microstructure and growth of such bones, but also the nature of those anomalies. The primary bone of all specimens consisted of a variation of the fibrolamellar complex, with the inner cortex being rich in woven bone with dispersed longitudinal canals, while the outer cortex was parallel-fibred with rows of longitudinal canals, interlayered by Lines of Arrested Growth (LAGs). We identified a maximum of two LAGs in the cervical rib and haemal arch, and four in the dorsal rib. The haemal arch shows an External Fundamental System (EFS) in most sections. The advanced remodelling and variation of the fibrolamellar bone in the cortex suggests that all the specimens represent individuals that reached sexual maturity. However, the haemal arch was distinct due to the wide distribution of EFS. The dorsal rib exhibited periosteal and endosteal outgrowth. Such microstructure was assigned to a reactive bone due to an intra-thoracic infection (a pneumonia, probably related to a tuberculosis), which is the first report in a non-avian dinosaur. The microstructure resembles the medullary bone recovered in dinosaurs, which suggests that further studies of medullary bone in thoracic bones should also regard the pathological cases.En una reciente publicación de los huesos fósiles de titanosaurios asignados al clado Aeolosaurini provenientes del yacimiento de Morro do Cambambe (estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, Cretácico Superior), se reconocieron anormalidades en el crecimiento de algunos de ellos. En el presente trabajo presentamos cortes osteohistológicos de elementos para entender no sólo la microestructura y crecimiento de los mismos, sino también la naturaleza de aquellas anomalías. Entre ellos, seleccionamos una costilla cervical y una costilla dorsal media posterior, así como un arco hemal. El hueso primario de todos los especímenes comprendía una variación del complejo fibrolamelar, siendo la corteza interna rica en tejido reticular óseo con canales longitudinales dispersos, mientras que la corteza externa tenía fibras paralelas con hileras de canales longitudinales, intercaladas por líneas de crecimiento detenido. Identificamos un máximo de dos líneas de crecimiento detenido tanto en la costilla cervical como en el arco hemal, y cuatro en la costilla dorsal. El arco hemal muestra un Sistema Externo Fundamental en la mayoría de las secciones. La remodelación avanzada y la variación del hueso fibrolamelar en la corteza, se sugiere que todas los especímenes alcanzaron la madurez sexual. Sin embargo, el arco hemal fue distinto debido a la amplia distribución de Sistema Externo Fundamental. Con base en la microestructura, identificamos un semaforonte subadulto, y probablemente a un adulto. La costilla dorsal mostró una excrecencia perióstica y endosteal. Dicha microestructura se ha identificado con un hueso reactivo a una infección intratorácica (una neumonía, probablemente relacionada con una tuberculosis), que es el primer informe de un dinosaurio no aviano. La microestructura se asemeja al hueso medular recuperado en los dinosaurios, lo que sugiere que los estudios posteriores del hueso medular en los huesos torácicos también deberían considerar los casos patológicos

New Crocodyliform specimens from Recôncavo-Tucano Basin (Early Cretaceous) of Bahia, Brazil

ABSTRACT In 1940, L.I. Price and A. Oliveira recovered four crocodyliform specimens from the Early Cretaceous Bahia Supergroup (Recôncavo-Tucano Basin). In the present work, we describe four different fossil specimens: an osteoderm, a fibula, a tibia, and some autopodial bones. No further identification besides Mesoeucrocodylia was made due to their fragmentary nature and the reduced number of recognized synapomorphies for more inclusive clades. With exception of the fibula, all other specimens have at least one particular feature, which with new specimens could represent new species. The new specimens described here increase the known diversity of Early Cretaceous crocodyliforms from Brazil. This work highlights the great fossiliferous potential of Recôncavo-Tucano Basin with regard to crocodyliform remains

Caninemys, a New Side-Necked Turtle (Pelomedusoides: Podocnemididae) from the Miocene of Brazil

Meylan, Peter A., Gaffney, Eugene S., De Almeida Campos, Diogenes (2009): Caninemys, a New Side-Necked Turtle (Pelomedusoides: Podocnemididae) from the Miocene of Brazil. American Museum Novitates 3639: 1-26, DOI: 10.1206/608.1, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/608.

A new Abelisauroid from the Upper Cretaceous of Brazil

Although important dinosaur specimens have been recently described from Brazil, the theropod record in this county is still rather scarce, particularly from Cretaceous strata. Here we describe a complete right tibia (MCT 1783-R) from the Marília Formation (Maastrichtian, Bauru Basin) near Peirópolis (Uberaba, Minas Gerais). This is the best theropod specimen recovered from this unit after five decades of collecting. MCT 1783-R shows a well developed cnemial crest with a lobular distal end, that projects significantly above the proximal articular surface, features that are characteristic of the Abelisauroidea. It further shows unique characters such as a marked asymmetry of lateral and medial condyles in posterior view, and a very deep triangular articular face for the astragalus, suggesting that it represents a new taxon.A pesar de que importantes especímenes de dinosaurios de Brasil se han descrito recientemente, el registro de terópodos en este país es todavía bastante escaso, especialmente en los estratos del Cretácico. Aquí reportamos una tibia derecha completa (MCT 1783-R) de la Formación Marília (Maastrichtiano, Cuenca Bauru) en el área de Peirópolis (Uberaba, Minas Gerais). Este es el mejor material de terópodo recuperado de esta unidad en cinco décadas de recolección. MCT 1783-R muestra una cresta cnemial bien desarrollada con un extremo distal lobular, proyectado significativamente por encima de la superficie articular proximal, los cuales son rasgos característicos de Abelisauroidea. Muestra, además, algunas características únicas, como una marcada asimetría de los cóndilos medial y lateral en el lado posterior y una cara triangular articular muy profunda por el astrágalo, sugiriendo que representa un nuevo taxón

<i>Sahitisuchus fluminensis</i> gen. et sp. nov. (MCT 1730-R), in ventral view.

<p>A, photo; B, illustration. For abbreviations see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0081386#pone-0081386-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>. Scale bar: 100 mm.</p

<i>Sahitysuchus fluminensis</i> gen. et sp. nov. (MCT 1730-R), in dorsal view.

<p>A, photo; B, illustration. <b>9–12th mlt</b>, eighth to eleven left maxillary teeth; <b>an</b>, angular; <b>anr</b>, angular ridge; <b>afo</b>, mandibular adductor fossa; <b>aof?</b>, antorbital fenestra?; <b>art</b>, articular; <b>bs</b>, basisphenoid; <b>bo</b>, basioccipital; <b>boc</b>, basioccipital middle crest; <b>bot</b>, basioccipital basal tubera; <b>chg</b>, choanal groove; <b>cq</b>, cranio-quadrate passage; <b>d</b>, dentary; <b>dhl</b>, left hypertrophied replacement tooth; <b>dhr</b>, right hypertrophied dentary tooth; <b>ec</b>, ectopterygoid; <b>expp</b>, exoccipital posterior process; <b>f</b>, frontal; <b>fä</b>, foramen aereum; <b>fcp</b>, foramen caroticum posterius; <b>fic</b>, foramen intermandibularis caudalis; <b>fme</b>, median Eustachian foramen; <b>fot</b>, upper temporal fossa; <b>fra</b>, fractured area; <b>fv</b>, foramen vagi; <b>int</b>, intercentrum; <b>j</b>, jugal; <b>jd</b>, jugal latero-ventral depression; <b>l</b>; lachrymal; <b>lptyp</b>, lateral pterygoidal process (flange); <b>ltf</b>, laterotemporal fenestra; <b>m</b>, maxilla; <b>m1l</b>, first left maxillary tooth; <b>m1r</b>, first right maxillary tooth; <b>m3l</b>, third left maxillary tooth; <b>m3r</b>, third right maxillary tooth; <b>m4l</b>, fourth left maxillary tooth; <b>m5l</b>, fifth left maxillary tooth ; <b>nc</b>, nuchal crest; <b>occ</b>, occipital condyle; <b>or</b>, orbit; <b>oti</b>, otic incisure; <b>oto</b>, otoccipital; <b>p</b>, parietal; <b>pl</b>, palatine; <b>pmt</b>, posterior maxillary teeth; <b>po</b>, postorbital; <b>pop</b>, para-occipital process; <b>pfr</b>, prefrontal; <b>pro</b>, proatlas; <b>pty</b>, pterygoid; <b>q</b>, quadrate; <b>qd</b>, quadrate depression; <b>qdc</b>, quadrate dorsal crest; <b>qj</b>, quadratojugal; <b>rap</b>, retroarticular process; <b>san</b>, surangular; <b>sanr</b>, surangular lateral ridge; <b>sf</b>, siphoneal foramen; <b>soc</b>, supraoccipital; <b>sof</b>, suborbital fenestra; <b>spl</b>, splenial; <b>sq</b>, squamosal; <b>sqp</b>, squamosal posterior process (squamosal prong); <b>utf</b>, upper temporal fenestra; <b>XII</b>, twelfth cranial nerve exit. Scale bar: 100 mm.</p

Biochronology of the Crocodylomorpha based on the strict consensus tree obtained by the phylogenetic analysis (see text for details) and recorded temporal range.

<p>Biochronology of the Crocodylomorpha based on the strict consensus tree obtained by the phylogenetic analysis (see text for details) and recorded temporal range.</p