Colorectal cancer carcinogenesis

El cáncer colorrectal representó en el año 2008 el tercer tumor más diagnosticado en España, siendo la segunda neoplasia que causó más fallecimientos. El conocimiento del proceso carcinogenético de este tipo de enfermedad permitirá el descubrimiento de nuevas terapéuticas que conlleven menores tasas de incidencia y mortalidad. El continuo avance en la enfermedad tumoral hace que esta revisión sea una puesta al día en el conocimiento de la carcinogénesis del cáncer colorrectalIn 2008, colorectal cancer represented the third most commonly diagnosed tumor in Spain, and the second tumor that caused more deaths. Knowledge of the carcinogenetic process of this disease will allow the discovery of new therapies involving lower rates of incidence and mortality. The continuous progress in tumor disease makes this review an update on the knowledge of colorectal cancer carcinogenesi

Diagnosticand pronostic utility of serum microrna-21 in colorectal cancer

Los microRNAs son estructuras moleculares de 20-22 nucleótidos con actividad post-transcripional que están implicados en la carcinogénesis mediante una regulación genética post-transcripcional. Presentamos un estudio prospectivo donde se determina la expresión sérica de microRNA-21 en pacientes con diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma de colon. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Estudio de cohorte prospectivo de al menos 100 pacientes con diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma de colon, y de al menos 60 pacientes con apendicitis aguda como grupo control. Se realizó el análisis de microRNA-21 sérico mediante PCR de las muestras sanguíneas de los pacientes obtenidas de forma preoperatoria. RESULTADOS. La comparación de la expresión del microRNA-21 sérico fue mayor en los pacientes con cáncer colorrectal que en los pacientes del grupo control, siendo el área bajo la curva de 0,603. En el análisis univariante, la expresión del miR- 21 se relaciona de forma estadísticamente significativa con la recidiva local (p=0,025) y con la mortalidad (p=0,029). En el análisis multivariante también se puso de manifiesto que las expresiones mayores (sobreexpresiones) de miR-21 se relacionaban con una reducción del riesgo derecidiva del 51%, mientras que dicha sobreexpresión se relacionaba con una reducción de mortalidad del 50%. CONCLUSIONES. La expresión del microRNA-21 sérico podría ser considerado como un potencial marcador diagnóstico para el cáncer colorrectal. La expresión sérica del microRNA-21 se correlaciona con la recidiva y mortalidad en el cáncer colorrectal. Nuestros resultados sugieren que el miR-21 sérico es un prometedor marcador diagnóstico y pronóstico, y pone de manifiesto su potencial utilidad clínica en el cáncer colorrectalMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that are involved in carcinogenesis through postranscriptional gene regulatory activity. Few studies have focused on the detection of miR-21 in serum rather than in tissue. The current study aimed to measure serum miR-21 expression levels and to evaluate their association with the outcome of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS. Blood samples were collected from almost 100 CRC patients undergoing surgery with curative intent, and almost 60 control patients. The expression levels of miR-21 were measured using a quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS. Serum microRNA-21 expression was higher in colorectal cancer patients than in control patients, with a ROC curve of 0.603. A univariate analysis revealed that lower expression levels of serum miR-21 were associated with higher local recurrence (p=0.025) and mortality (p=0.029). A logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the relative overexpression of miR-21 (expression >1) was associated with a 51% reduction in the risk of recurrence. A Cox regression analysis identified that a relative increase in miR-21 expression (>1) was associated with a 50% reduction in the risk of mortality CONCLUSIONS. Serum microRNA-21 expression could be considered as a potential diagnostic marker for colorectal cancer. The expression level of serum miR-21 correlates with the recurrence and mortality of CRC patients. Our results suggest that circulating serum miR-21 is a promising diagnostic and prognostic tumour marker, and they highlight the potential clinical utility of miR-21 in colorectal cancerEl presente estudio ha sido financiado con la ayuda otorgada por la Fundación para la Investigación Sanitaria en Castilla La Mancha (FISCAM) y por la Fundación Mutua Madrileña Investigación Médic

Microrna-21 and colorectal cancer

Introducción. Los microRNAs son estructuras moleculares con actividad post-transcripcional que están implicados en la regulación de la expresión genética. Diversos estudios ponen de manifiesto la participación de los microRNAs con distintas funciones fisiológicas, así como con el proceso de la oncogénesis. La expresión de los microRNAs puede verse alterada en las neoplasias por su interacción bien con los genes supresores de tumores, bien con los oncogenes. Discusión. Llevamos a cabo una revisión de la literatura sobre el microRNA-21, poniendo de manifiesto la evidencia existente entre el microRNA-21 y la enfermedad neoplásica, de forma especial con el cáncer colorrectal. Conclusiones. El estado actual de los microRNAs hace necesario continuar con la investigación existente entre la etiopatogenia de las neoplasias y los microRNAs. El conocimiento de la verdadera implicación de los microRNAs en la fisiopatología de la enfermedad neoplásica, permitirá ampliar las supuestas aplicaciones clínicas del miR-21 no sólo a la determinación del pronóstico del cáncer colorrectal, sino también desde el punto de vista diagnóstico al poder diferenciar las lesiones de la mucosa colónicaIntroduction. MicroRNAs are molecular structures with post-transcriptional activity, involved in the gene expression regulation. Several studies have demonstrated the involvement of microRNAs in different physiological functions, as well as in the oncogenesis process. The expression of microRNAs may be altered in the tumors by either interaction with tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes. Discussion. A review of the medical literature on microRNA-21 has been conducted, showing the evidence between microRNA-21 and neoplastic disease, specially with colorectal cancer. Conclusion. The current status of microRNAs makes necessary to continue the investigation of the pathogenesis of cancer and microRNAs. The knowledge of the involvement of microRNAs in the pathophysiology of neoplastic disease, will allow to extend the supposed clinical applications of miR-21 not only to the determination of the prognosis of colorectal cancer, but also for the differential diagnosis of processes of colonic mucosa

Systematic Review On Bullying Situations And Intervention Programs In Early Childhood Education

Background: Bullying is a traumatic event that is observed from the early stages of the educational system. Ensuring an adequate socioemotional development through the implementation of activities or intervention programs based on the work of Emotional Intelligence in the Early Childhood Education stage where empathy, assertiveness, emotional intelligence, social skills, values... are worked on, with the aim of preventing/eradicating situations of violence in educational environments, is essential to put an end to this problem. Goal: To find out whether there is evidence of bullying at the early childhood education (ECE) stage and to investigate whether bullying prevention work is carried out at this educational stage. Method: A systematic review, following the PRISMA 2020 Declaration, was carried out in the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus (SJR) databases from January to March 2023. The search terms used were: "Children", "Health Education" and "Bullying". Only articles in Spanish and English published from 2013 to 2023 were selected, in which bullying in the ECE stage is analyzed. The last filter applied was related with research areas of Psychology and Education. The sample is composed of a total of 4 articles, most of them published abroad. Findings: According to the studies reviewed, there is little concern about bullying at the ECE stage, and there is little concern about the implementation of prevention programs for this proble

Multivariate analysis of performance indicators in elite women's futsal: A principal component approach to understanding game dynamics

The current study analysed Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) specific to high-performing female futsal players using univariate and multivariate statistical approaches to better understand team dynamics in conjunction with individual performance. Data were collected from a sample of 10 female futsal players (mean age: 23.9 ± 3.4 years) over 25 official matches of the Spanish first division. Twenty KPIs were selected in collaboration with coaches and researchers to represent diverse offensive and defensive aspects of play. This study used observational methods and principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensionality of data and determine key performance factors. Descriptive statistics and factor analysis were conducted, with Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO = 0.63) values and communalities evaluated for sampling adequacy. PCA shown two main components explaining 64.09% of the total variance. The first component, “Aggressiveness in Attack”, (47.02% variance), was strongly associated with offensive production, including high rates of goal plays, shots, goals, assists, and fouls received. The second component, “Forceful Defence” (17.07% variance), primarily reflected defensive effectiveness, characterized by high rates of successful disputes, ball recoveries, and defensive intensity indicators, along with fewer ball losses. Individual player profiles revealed distinct tactical roles, with some players showing strong tendencies toward either offensive or defensive abilities. In conclusion, the use of multivariate analyses provides valuable insights into the performance of women's futsal, offering practical implications for coaches and players seeking to improve strategies and enhance individual and team performance through data-informed training and tactical planning

Diferencias en los indicadores de rendimiento técnico-tácticos entre ganadores y perdedores en la Women Rugby World Cup 2010

El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer las diferencias en acciones técnico - tácticas entre equipos ganadores y perdedores en equipos de rugby femenino de alto rendimiento. Se analizaron 30 partidos disputados entre 12 equipos nacionales de la Women Rugby World Cup 2010. Las variablesde estudio fueron las conductas relativas a la obtención del balón, el desarrollo del juego, a los reagrupa mientos, los puntos marcados, y las faltas reglamentarias. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo e inferencial de los datos (prueba T de Student y análisis discriminate). Los equipos ganadores realizan más ensayos, transformaciones de ensayos, y pierden menos rucks y touches que los perdedores. Estos resultados pueden usarse como valores de referencia para el entrenamiento y el análisis del rendimiento en competición

Cognitive behaviour therapy response and dropout rate across purging and nonpurging bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder : DSM-5 implications

Background: With the imminent publication of the new edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), there has been a growing interest in the study of the boundaries across the three bulimic spectrum syndromes [bulimia nervosa-purging type (BN-P), bulimia nervosa-non purging type (BN-NP) and binge eating disorder (BED)]. Therefore, the aims of this study were to determine differences in treatment response and dropout rates following Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) across the three bulimic-spectrum syndromes. Method: The sample comprised of 454 females (87 BED, 327 BN-P and 40 BN-NP) diagnosed according to DSM-IV-TR criteria who were treated with 22 weekly outpatient sessions of group CBT therapy. Patients were assessed before and after treatment using a food and binging/purging diary and some clinical questionnaires in the field of ED. "Full remission" was defined as total absence of binging and purging (laxatives and/or vomiting) behaviors and psychological improvement for at least 4 (consecutive). Results: Full remission rate was found to be significantly higher in BED (69.5%) than in both BN-P (p < 0.005) and BN-NP (p < 0.001), which presented no significant differences between them (30.9% and 35.5%). The rate of dropout from group CBT was also higher in BED (33.7%) than in BN-P (p < 0.001) and BN-NP (p < 0.05), which were similar (15.4% and 12.8%, respectively). Conclusions: Results suggest that purging and non-purging BN have similar treatment response and dropping out rates, whereas BED appears as a separate diagnosis with better outcome for those who complete treatment. The results support the proposed new DSM-5 classification

Under reporting of Parkinson’s disease on death certificates: a population-based study (NEDICES)

Background Parkinson's disease is frequently omitted as a cause of death from death certificates. A limitation of previous studies that attempted to assess the validity of death certificates is that population-dwelling cases, with milder, undiagnosed Parkinson's disease were likely excluded. As a result, those studies likely overestimated the validity of death certificates because they did not include these milder cases. We assessed the validity of death certificates in a prospective population-based study (NEDICES), which includes previously undiagnosed Parkinson's disease cases detected during the assessment. Methods 3926 community-dwelling elderly subjects with and without Parkinson's disease were followed during a median of 12.6 years, after which the death certificates of those who died were examined. We calculated the proportion of cases of clinically diagnosed Parkinson's disease for whom a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease was certified as the basic cause of death on death certificates. Results 1791 (45.6%) of the 3926 participants died over a median follow-up of 7.1 years, including 82 (73.9%) deaths among 111 participants with Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease was rarely certified as the basic cause of death (14.6%). Gender, disease stage and the period during which the study was conducted (i.e., 1994 to 2007) did not influence the likelihood that Parkinson's disease would be reported. Conclusions Our findings reinforce the notion that the reporting of Parkinson's disease on death certificates remains poor. This suggests a lack of awareness of the importance of Parkinson's disease as a cause of death.pre-print261 K

Efectos de un programa de estiramientos FNP sobre el salto y la flexibilidad en jugadores profesionales de fútbol sala

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a stretching program with the contraction-relaxation-agonist-contraction technique (CRAC) on jumping performance (JP) and range of motion (ROM). A total of 21 elite futsal players participated in the present study. Participants were assigned to a control group (CG) and an experimental group (EG) according to their jumping ability. Before and after the intervention, the JP and ROM of hip flexion with the extended knee (FCRE) and dorsi-flexion of the ankle (DFTRE) were measured. For the measurement of the JP and the ROM, a contact platform and an ISOMED inclinometer were used, respectively. The EG performed a stretching program in the hamstrings and triceps sural for 4 weeks with a weekly frequency of 5 days. The players significantly increased the FCRE ROM (p = 0.02) with strong effect (hp2 = 0.730) and ROM DFTRE (p = 0.01) with moderate effect (hp2 = 0.546), of the values ​​of CMJ (p = 0.03) with strong effect (hp2 = 0.650) and of the values ​​of index of utilization of the elastic capacity [IACE] (p = 0.04) with strong effect (hp2 = 0,742) in the EG after the stretching. The CG players significantly increased the performance in the CMJ ​​(p = 0.02) with moderate effect (hp2 = 0.519) and IACE (p = 0.04) with moderate effect (hp2 = 0.548); in addition, significant differences were observed in the values ​​of IACE (p = 0.02) between both groups. The results of this study allow us to conclude that a training period with the CRAC technique improves ROM and JP in professional futsal players.El objetivo de este estudio fue comprobar los efectos de un programa de estiramiento con la técnica contracción-relajación-agonista-contracción (CRAC) sobre la capacidad de salto (CS) y el rango de movimiento (ROM). Un total de 21 jugadores de élite de fútbol sala participaron en el presente trabajo. Los participantes fueron asignados a un grupo control (GC) y a un grupo experimental (GE) según su CS. Antes y después de la intervención se midió la CS y el ROM de flexión de cadera con la rodilla extendida (FCRE) y dorsi-flexión de tobillo (DFTRE). Para la medición del CS y del ROM se utilizó una plataforma de contacto y un inclinómetro ISOMED, respectivamente. El GE realizó un programa de estiramientos en los isquiosurales y tríceps sural durante 4 semanas con una frecuencia semanal de 5 días. Los jugadores aumento significativamente el ROM FCRE (p = 0,02) con efecto fuerte (hp2 = 0,730) y ROM DFTRE (p = 0,01) con efecto moderado (hp2 = 0,546), de los valores de CMJ (p = 0,03) con efecto fuerte (hp2 = 0,650) y de los valores de índice de aprovechamiento de la capacidad elástica [IACE] (p = 0,04) con efecto fuerte (hp2 = 0,742) en el GE después de los estiramientos. Los jugadores del GC aumentaron significativamente el rendimiento en el CMJ (p = 0,02) con efecto moderado (hp2 = 0,519) e IACE (p = 0,04) con efecto moderado (hp2 = 0,548); además, se observaron diferencias significativas en los valores de IACE (p = 0,02) entre ambos grupos. Los resultados de este estudio permiten concluir que un periodo de entrenamiento con el método CRAC mejora el ROM y la CS en jugadores profesionales de fútbol sala