A UPLC-MS/MS METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE ESTIMATION OF POMALIDOMIDE FROM HUMAN PLASMA

Objective: The present work aimed to develop a simple, rapid, specific and precise liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrophotometric (LC–MS/MS) validated method for quantification of pomalidomide and internal standard (ISTD) Fluconazole in human plasma.Methods: 50 µl of 0.1% formic acid was added to plasma samples prior to liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) using 2.5 ml of ethyl acetate. Chromatographic separation was achieved on Xterra, RP18, 5 µ (50 x 4.6 mm) column using a mixture of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water to methanol at a ratio of 12:88, v/v as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.50 ml/min. The LC eluent was split, and approximately 0.1 ml/min was introduced into Tandem mass spectrometer using turbo Ion Spray interface at 325 °C. Quantitation was performed by transitions of m/z 260.1 precursor ion to the m/z 148.8 for pomalidomide and m/z 307.1/238.0 for fluconazole.Results: The concentrations of nine working standards showed linearity between 9.998 to 1009.650 ng/ml (r2 ≥ 0.9968). Chromatographic separation was achieved within 2 min. The average extraction recoveries of three quality control concentrations were 53.86% for pomalidomide and were within the acceptance limits. The coefficient of variation was ≤15% for intra-and inter-batch assays. The %CV of ruggedness ranges 1.32 to 4.03. The % stability of short term and long term stock solution stability studies was found to be 99.01% and 98.49% respectively.Conclusion: The results obtained for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, ruggedness and stability studies were within limits. Thus the validated economical method was applied for pharmacokinetic studies of pomalidomide

A VALIDATED LC-MS/MS METHOD FOR PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY OF BRIVARACETAM IN HEALTHY RABBITS

Objective: A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrophotometric (LC–MS/MS) method was developed for quantification of brivaracetam in rabit plasma employing liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate.Methods: Developed method was validated for specificity, precision, accuracy, recovery, and stability characteristics. Chromatographic separation was achieved on Chromolith C18column (100 mmx4.6 mmx5 µm) with 0.1% formic acid, adjusted to pH 3.2 as an isocratic mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. the developed method was applied to assess pharmacokinetics parameters like Cmax, Tmax, t1/2 and AUC of brivaracetam in healthy rabbits.Results: The developed method was linear over the range of 0.16 to 8µg/ml. The regression equation for the analysis was Y=0.0053x+0.0018 with coefficient of correction (r2) = 0.998. The % mean recovery for brivaracetam was found to be between 95.7% to 106.5%. The mean intraday and inter-day precision of the method was found to be 0.77 to 3.72% for quality control standards. Brivaracetam showed Tmax of 1.025±0.061 and mean Cmax, AUC0®t andAUC0®a for Test formulation is 92.7±4.4, 496.21±26.4 and 504.20±30.68 respectively.Conclusion: A highly specific, rugged and rapid method with sufficiently low LLOQ was developed for analysis of routine samples of a single dose or multiple dose pharmacokinetic studies with any marketing formulation of brivaracetam

Comparison of superior border and inferior border fixation for displaced mandibular angle fractures

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this prospective study is to compare the efficacy of superior border fixation and inferior border fixation in displaced mandibular angle fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The total study sample was fourteen and was divided into two groups. Group A(Intra oral) was treated with open reduction and internal fixation by means of 2 × 4 hole titanium miniplate with 2 × 8mm screws over the superior border of angle of mandible in accordance with champy’s principle. Group B (Extra oral) was treated with 2 × 4 hole titanium miniplate with 2 × 10mm screws over the inferior border of angle of mandible. The efficacy and complications associated with both techniques were evaluated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in terms of complications, the clinical union of fracture , radiographic assessment of fracture after surgery, occlusal harmony between the two groups although the parameters like patient satisfaction, mouth opening at the end of 3 months follow up, duration of intra operative time, ease of surgery were in favor of extra oral group. Also the incidence of usual demerits associated with the extra oral approach such as facial nerve paresis and scarring were less compared to other studies. CONCLUSION: Although Champy’s miniplate fixation through intra oral approach is followed worldwide for fixation of angle fracture, the displaced angle fractures are better reduced and fixed with inferior border plating which provides easy access, adaptation of plates, short surgical time with minimal complications

TRIBAL PLANTS AND THEIR INBORN ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES

The importance of medicinal plants in traditional health-care practices provides clues to new areas of research and in the biodiversity of conservation. Right from the beginning, the documentation of traditional knowledge, especially on the medicinal uses of plants, has provided many important drugs for the modern day. Even today, this area holds much more hidden treasure as almost 80% of the human population in developing countries depend on plant resources for health care. Keeping this in view, the present study was initiated to document the traditionally used tribal plants and their inborn antimicrobial activity which is enhanced on the synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles

In vitro anticancer activity of Sargassum sp. polysaccharides against MCF-7 cell lines

1267-1273Seaweed polysaccharides are compounds with promising chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities. In this study, polysaccharides isolated from Sargassum seaweeds were tested for their efficiency in cancer therapy. Polysaccharides were isolated, purified, and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR); and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometric (MALDI-MS). It was found that the polysaccharides from Sargassum sp. branches are sulfated galactose–fucose disaccharides and sulfated galactose monosaccharides attached to the main chain through (1–4) linkages. Further, the polysaccharides were tested for cytotoxicity and anticancer activity against human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7) using the Annexin-V/propidium iodide (PI) staining method

Graphene nanoribbons/manganese oxide nanocomposite modified electrode for detection of antimicrobial drug nitrofurantoin

The design and development of a new kind of cost-effective electrode material with excellent selectivity and stability are still a great challenge in the field of electrochemical sensors. Recently, researchers have paid more attention to the electrochemical reduction of nitro compounds due to their hazardous nature. Nitro compounds play a vital role in various industrial applications. However, the direct discharge of nitro compounds to the environment as industrial wastewater is harmful. In this study, a nanocomposite made of 1D graphene nanoribbons decorated with manganese dioxide (GNR-MnO2) was prepared to fabricate an electrochemical transducer for the determination of nitrofurantoin (NFT) in biofluids. First, 1D GNR was prepared by unzipping of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Second, the GNR was decorated with MnO2 by the hydrothermal reduction method. As-prepared GNR-MnO2 nanocomposite was comprehensively characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy with EDX, XRD, UV–visible, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. Moreover, GNR-MnO2-coated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) exhibited good electrocatalytic activity toward NFT. The electroreduction of NFT was found at −0.40 V which was 50 mV lower than bare GCE. GNR-MnO2 nanocomposite modified GCE showed a well-defined linear reduction peak current for NFT from 10 nM to 1,000 µM. The selectivity of the sensor was also analyzed in the presence of other nitro compounds which confirmed that NFT can be selectively detected at −0.4 V. The GNR-MnO2 modified electrode was also able to separate reduction peaks of other nitro compounds. In addition, the detection of NFT was carried out in human urine samples with a good recovery of 99.60%–98.60%

Long-Term Corticosteroid-Sparing Immunosuppression for Cardiac Sarcoidosis.

Background Long-term corticosteroid therapy is the standard of care for treatment of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS). The efficacy of long-term corticosteroid-sparing immunosuppression in CS is unknown. The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of methotrexate with or without adalimumab for long-term disease suppression in CS, and to assess recurrence and adverse event rates after immunosuppression discontinuation. Methods and Results Retrospective chart review identified treatment-naive CS patients at a single academic medical center who received corticosteroid-sparing maintenance therapy. Demographics, cardiac uptake of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose, and adverse cardiac events were compared before and during treatment and between those with persistent or interrupted immunosuppression. Twenty-eight CS patients were followed for a mean 4.1 (SD 1.5) years. Twenty-five patients received 4 to 8 weeks of high-dose prednisone (>30 mg/day), followed by taper and maintenance therapy with methotrexate±low-dose prednisone (low-dose prednisone, <10 mg/day). Adalimumab was added in 19 patients with persistently active CS or in those with intolerance to methotrexate. Methotrexate±low-dose prednisone resulted in initial reduction (88%) or elimination (60%) of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake, and patients receiving adalimumab-containing regimens experienced improved (84%) or resolved (63%) 18-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake. Radiologic relapse occurred in 8 of 9 patients after immunosuppression cessation, 4 patients on methotrexate-containing regimens, and in no patients on adalimumab-containing regimens. Conclusions Corticosteroid-sparing regimens containing methotrexate with or without adalimumab is an effective maintenance therapy in patients after an initial response is confirmed. Disease recurrence in patients on and off immunosuppression support need for ongoing radiologic surveillance regardless of immunosuppression regimen

Thermal comfort properties of knitted fabrics produced from bamboo/polyester core-spun yarns

The influence of polyester content, twist and loop length on the comfort properties of single jersey knitted fabrics produced from 100% bamboo, 80:20 bamboo/polyester and 60:40 bamboo/polyester core-spun yarns has been studied. Comfort properties, such as air permeability, moisture vapour transmission, thermal conductivity and thermal resistance properties have been analyzed with three different twist levels and loop lengths. Box–Behnken, a three level three factorial design software, has been used to study the interactive effect of core-sheath ratio, twist and loop length on the comfort properties of single jersey knitted fabrics, response surface equations are derived and the design variables are optimized. It is found that the increase in bamboo content in the core yarns having high twist and loop length increases the moisture vapour transmission and thermal conductivity of the knitted fabrics. The air permeability and thermal resistance of the knitted fabrics are found to be higher as the polyester component is increased. High twist and loop length increase the thermal comfort properties of knitted fabrics

Transgenic expression of the dicotyledonous pattern recognition receptor EFR in rice leads to ligand-dependent activation of defense responses

Plant plasma membrane localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) detect extracellular pathogen-associated molecules. PRRs such as Arabidopsis EFR and rice XA21 are taxonomically restricted and are absent from most plant genomes. Here we show that rice plants expressing EFR or the chimeric receptor EFR::XA21, containing the EFR ectodomain and the XA21 intracellular domain, sense both Escherichia coli- and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo)-derived elf18 peptides at sub-nanomolar concentrations. Treatment of EFR and EFR::XA21 rice leaf tissue with elf18 leads to MAP kinase activation, reactive oxygen production and defense gene expression. Although expression of EFR does not lead to robust enhanced resistance to fully virulent Xoo isolates, it does lead to quantitatively enhanced resistance to weakly virulent Xoo isolates. EFR interacts with OsSERK2 and the XA21 binding protein 24 (XB24), two key components of the rice XA21-mediated immune response. Rice-EFR plants silenced for OsSERK2, or overexpressing rice XB24 are compromised in elf18-induced reactive oxygen production and defense gene expression indicating that these proteins are also important for EFR-mediated signaling in transgenic rice. Taken together, our results demonstrate the potential feasibility of enhancing disease resistance in rice and possibly other monocotyledonous crop species by expression of dicotyledonous PRRs. Our results also suggest that Arabidopsis EFR utilizes at least a subset of the known endogenous rice XA21 signaling components