4,966 research outputs found
Exploring the Association Between Household Food Insecurity, Parental Self-Efficacy, and Fruit and Vegetable Parenting Practices Among Parents of 5- to 8-Year-Old Overweight Children
Background: Food insecurity may negatively impact children’s nutritional status by affecting parenting quality. Because parents have a strong influence on their children’s eating and food choices, examining the effects of food insecurity on parenting may provide important insights into obesity prevention efforts.
Objectives: This study explored whether food insecurity was associated with parental self-efficacy and parenting practices related to fruit and vegetable consumption.
Methods: Secondary analysis was performed using baseline data from 31 mothers of 5-8 year old overweight or obese children who had participated in a pilot obesity treatment program. Household food security status, fruit and vegetable parental self-efficacy (modeling/socialization, planning/encouraging and availability/accessibility) and fruit and vegetable parenting practices (structure, responsiveness, non-directive control, and external control) were assessed using validated measures. Students\u27 t-test investigated differences in subscales by food security status.
Results: There were no significant differences in fruit and vegetable parenting practices and parental self-efficacy between food secure and insecure groups. There was a trend towards a decrease in parental self-efficacy for making fruit and vegetables available in the home among food insecure parents (p=.06).
Conclusions: In this small sample no significant associations were found between food insecurity and fruit and vegetable parenting practices and parental self-efficacy. However, the trend observed in this exploratory analysis supports further hypothesis-driven research with a larger sample size able to detect more subtle differences
Spiral Evolution in a Confined Geometry
Supported nanoscale lead crystallites with a step emerging from a
non-centered screw dislocation on the circular top facet were prepared by rapid
cooling from just above the melting temperature. STM observations of the top
facet show a nonuniform rotation rate and shape of the spiral step as the
crystallite relaxes. These features can be accurately modeled using curvature
driven dynamics, as in classical models of spiral growth, with boundary
conditions fixing the dislocation core and regions of the step lying along the
outer facet edge.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, to be published in Physical Review Letter
Gamma-ray bursts and terrestrial planetary atmospheres
We describe results of modeling the effects on Earth-like planets of
long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) within a few kiloparsecs. A primary
effect is generation of nitrogen oxide compounds which deplete ozone. Ozone
depletion leads to an increase in solar UVB radiation at the surface, enhancing
DNA damage, particularly in marine microorganisms such as phytoplankton. In
addition, we expect increased atmospheric opacity due to buildup of nitrogen
dioxide produced by the burst and enhanced precipitation of nitric acid. We
review here previous work on this subject and discuss recent developments,
including further discussion of our estimates of the rates of impacting GRBs
and the possible role of short-duration bursts.Comment: 12 pages including 5 figures (4 in color). Added discussion of GRB
rates and biological effects. Accepted for publication in New Journal of
Physics, for special issue "Focus on Gamma-Ray Bursts
Detonation of hydrogen-oxygen at low temperature and high pressure
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/77397/1/AIAA-2246-726.pd
North Atlantic Intermediate to Deep Water circulation and chemical stratification during the past 1 Myr
Benthic foraminiferal carbon isotope records from a suite of drill sites in the North Atlantic are used to trace variations in the relative strengths of Lower North Atlantic Deep Water (LNADW), Upper North Atlantic Deep Water (UNADW), and Southern Ocean Water (SOW) over the past 1 Myr. During glacial intervals, significant increases in intermediate-to-deep δ13C gradients (commonly reaching >1.2‰) are consistent with changes in deep water circulation and associated chemical stratification. Bathymetric δ13C gradients covary with benthic foraminiferal δ18O and covary inversely with Vostok CO2, in agreement with chemical stratification as a driver of atmospheric CO2 changes. Three deep circulation indices based on δ13C show a phasing similar to North Atlantic sea surface temperatures, consistent with a Northern Hemisphere control of NADW/SOW variations. However, lags in the precession band indicate that factors other than deep water circulation control ice volume variations at least in this band
Effectiveness of the Mindfulness in Schools Programme: non-randomised controlled feasibility study
Open Access Article. Copyright ©2013 The Royal College of PsychiatristsMindfulness-based approaches for adults are effective at enhancing mental health, but few controlled trials have evaluated their effectiveness among young people
Cosmological Constraints on Theories with Large Extra Dimensions
In theories with large extra dimensions, constraints from cosmology lead to
non-trivial lower bounds on the fundamental scale M_F, corresponding to upper
bounds on the radii of the compact extra dimensions. These constraints are
especially relevant to the case of two extra dimensions, since only if M_F is
10 TeV or less do deviations from the standard gravitational force law become
evident at distances accessible to planned sub-mm gravity experiments. By
examining the graviton decay contribution to the cosmic diffuse gamma
radiation, we derive, for the case of two extra dimensions, a conservative
bound M_F > 110 TeV, corresponding to r_2 < 5.1 times 10^-5 mm, well beyond the
reach of these experiments. We also consider the constraint coming from
graviton overclosure of the universe and derive an independent bound M_F > 6.5
h^(-1/2) TeV, or r_2 < .015 h mm.Comment: 10 pages, references adde
From vocational training to education: the development of a no-frontiers education policy for Europe?
This article focuses on developments towards an EU educational policy. Education was not included as one of the Community competencies in the Treaty of Rome. The first half of the article analyses the way that the European Court of Justice and the Commission of the European Communities between them managed to develop a series of substantial Community programmes out of Article 128 on vocational training. The second half of the article discusses educational developments in the community following the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty of Amsterdam. Whilst the legal competence of the community now includes education, the author's argument is that the inclusion of an educational competence will not result in further developments to mirror those in the years before the Treaty on Europe</p
Cosmic Rays and Large Extra Dimensions
We have proposed that the cosmic ray spectrum "knee", the steepening of the
cosmic ray spectrum at energy E \gsim 10^{15.5} eV, is due to "new physics",
namely new interactions at TeV cm energies which produce particles undetected
by the experimental apparatus. In this letter we examine specifically the
possibility that this interaction is low scale gravity. We consider that the
graviton propagates, besides the usual four dimensions, into an additional
, compactified, large dimensions and we estimate the graviton
production in collisions in the high energy approximation where graviton
emission is factorized. We find that the cross section for graviton production
rises as fast as , where is the fundamental
scale of gravity in dimensions, and that the distribution of
radiating a fraction of the initial particle's energy into gravitational
energy (which goes undetected) behaves as . The missing
energy leads to an underestimate of the true energy and generates a break in
the {\sl inferred} cosmic ray spectrum (the "kne"). By fitting the cosmic ray
spectrum data we deduce that the favorite values for the parameters of the
theory are TeV and .Comment: 8 pages, 1 figur
Schottky mass measurements of heavy neutron-rich nuclides in the element range 70\leZ \le79 at the ESR
Storage-ring mass spectrometry was applied to neutron-rich Au
projectile fragments. Masses of Lu, Hf, Ta,
W, and Re nuclei were measured for the first time. The
uncertainty of previously known masses of W and Os nuclei
was improved. Observed irregularities on the smooth two-neutron separation
energies for Hf and W isotopes are linked to the collectivity phenomena in the
corresponding nuclei.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, 2 table
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