Estimation and dynamics of above ground biomass with very high resolution satellite images in Pinus pinaster stands

Biomass estimation is a tool for evaluating stands and forest dynamics. Traditional indirect methods use forest inventories and allometric functions at tree level to evaluate biomass at plot level, and an extrapolation method to assess an area. The goal of this study was the development of allometric functions for Pinus pinaster with crown horizontal projection derived from very high spatial resolution satellite images as an independent variable, as well as their application to the analysis of above ground biomass dynamics. The fitted functions show a good performance. The function used to estimate the above ground biomass per grid in 2004, 2007 and 2011 for the study area enable the evaluation of their temporal dynamics. From 2004 to 2007 it decreased in 90.5% of the study area, due to forest fires and cuts to control the pinewood nematode; from 2007 to 2011 increased in 45.6% and decreased in 51.6%, the latter corresponding to cuts to control the aforementioned disease. In 76.4% of the burnt areas, natural regeneration resulted in an increase of above ground biomass. The method's main advantages are the simultaneous evaluation of small or large areas and, when implemented in a GIS, it allows straightforward monitoring over a short period of time

A collection in context: the production of handmade hollow jewellery

ES: El objetivo de este artículo es analizar una colección de moldes de bronce del siglo XIX (de aproximadamenteun millar y medio) que todavía se utiliza en un taller de orfebrería en Gondomar (una ciudad situada cercade Oporto, Portugal). La colección pertenecía a un taller de Oporto que cerró durante la década de 1970y corría el riesgo de desaparecer. La compró el taller de Gondomar que comenzó a utilizarla nuevamentedesde ese momento. Estos moldes se utilizan en la técnica de estampación, un proceso de realización deun patrón de relieve sobre metal forzando, con un golpe de martillo, un punzón con el patrón deseadode relieve en una lámina de metal sobre el molde correspondiente. Es un proceso manual antiguo y permitehacer varios objetos idénticos al mismo tiempo. Se desarrolló ampliamente en el siglo XIX para hacer joyasen producción masiva. Los moldes de bronce se utilizaron para crear algunas de las tipologías más comunesde joyas portuguesas durante el siglo XIX y la primera mitad del siglo XX, especialmente pendientes y colgantes,concretamente cruces, corazones e imágenes religiosas.Estas joyas, grandes y vacías, eran utilizadas como objetos de ostentación por parte de los burgueses,campesinos y las esposas de los pescadores, pero también por aristócratas. Hoy en día las llevan las mujeresque participan en fiestas tradicionales. El éxito de estas celebraciones contribuye a la continuidad y promociónde este tipo de joyas. Este estudio pretende reflexionar sobre las formas, tipologías y técnicas de producciónutilizando imágenes tomadas en el taller de orfebrería de Gondomar, y también sobre el uso de estas joyasque se representan en retratos individuales y grupales de los siglos XIX y XX.The aim of this paper is to analyse a nineteenth-century collection of bronze moulds (about 1,500) still usedin a goldsmiths workshop in Gondomar (a city near Porto in Portugal). The collection belonged to a workshopin Porto that closed in the 1970s and was in danger of disappearing. It was bought by the workshop inGondomar, which began using it again from then on. These moulds are used in the stamping technique,a process of making a complete relief pattern on metal by hammering a punch with the desired pattern inrelief into a metal sheet over a corresponding depressed mould. It is an ancient manual process and withit a number of identical objects can be made at the same time. It was highly developed in the nineteenthcentury to make mass-produced jewellery. The bronze moulds were used to create some of the most commontypes of Portuguese jewels during the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century, especially earringsand pendants, chiefly crosses, hearts and religious images.These large hollow jewels were used as objects of ostentation by middle-class people, farmers and fishermenswives, but also by aristocrats. Nowadays they can be seen being worn by women taking part in traditionalfestivities. The success of these celebrations contributes to the continuity and promotion of this type of jewellery.This study aims to reflect on the forms, types and production techniques, using photographs taken in thegoldsmiths workshop in Gondomar, and also on the use of these jewels, which are seen in individualand group portraits made in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries

NURSES' ADHERENCE TO THE MUNRO SCALE PRESSURE INJURY RISK ASSESSMENT

Objective: To measure the rate of adherence to the electronic recording of the Munro scale in the perioperative period.Method: Retrospective cohort study based on the analysis of medical records in 2022 in a large private philanthropic hospital in the city of São Paulo -BR.The completion data was extracted into an Excel report and analyzed for compliance with the scale.Results:22,743 Munro scale records were analyzed, corresponding to 11,892 electronic medical records.The adherence rate was 98.45% in the preoperative phase, 61.73% in the intraoperative phase, and 90.14% in the postoperative phase, with an average rate of 83.44%.Failures to record were related to the absence or partial completion of items on the scale and carrying out the intra- or post-operative phase without evaluating the previous phase.Conclusion: This study contributes to professional practice by showing the need for educational interventions and improvements in intraoperative processes to increase adherence to risk assessment.Objective: To measure the rate of adherence to the electronic recording of the Munro scale in the perioperative period.Method: Retrospective cohort study based on the analysis of medical records in 2022 in a large private philanthropic hospital in the city of São Paulo -BR.The completion data was extracted into an Excel report and analyzed for compliance with the scale.Results:22,743 Munro scale records were analyzed, corresponding to 11,892 electronic medical records.The adherence rate was 98.45% in the preoperative phase, 61.73% in the intraoperative phase, and 90.14% in the postoperative phase, with an average rate of 83.44%.Failures to record were related to the absence or partial completion of items on the scale and carrying out the intra- or post-operative phase without evaluating the previous phase.Conclusion: This study contributes to professional practice by showing the need for educational interventions and improvements in intraoperative processes to increase adherence to risk assessment

El poder del Santísimo Sacramento: la iconografía de la sagrada forma en los siglos XV y XVI

La legislación sinodal, los Libros de Visitas y los Inventarios de los tesoros de las Iglesias diocesanas y parroquiales desde mediados del siglo XV hasta mediados del XVI recogen frecuentemente la existencia de “moldes para hacer hostias” y su estado de conservación, estableciendo que debían ser reemplazados cuando eran inadecuados o adquiridos cuando no existían. Las formas se fabricaban in situ, normalmente en las sacristías, y se preparaban con cuidado, de acuerdo con un ritual cuidadosamente realizado, con especial preocupación por el origen y calidad de los materiales y herramientas utilizados, así como por las condiciones de los responsables de la preparación de las mismas. Basándose en la comparación de la literatura mencionada anteriormente con los “moldes de hostias” que se han conservado hasta la actualidad y con pinturas coetáneas, se analizará la iconografía utilizada en las formas y su significado litúrgico y simbólico

Building innovation networks in sciencebased young firms : the selection of knowledge sources

The paper investigates the strategic choices made by young science-based firms’ regarding the selection of knowledge sources. Drawing on two streams of research – on alliances and on social networks – two different dimensions of this strategy are considered: the activation of the entrepreneurs’ social capital (versus the intentional inclusion of new knowledge sources) and the persistence of ties from start-up to the early growth phase. The data collected for a subset of the Portuguese biotechnology sector are analysed with a view to answer to four research questions: i) To what do extent firms’ rely on entrepreneurs’ personal networks, activating their social capital to access scientific and technological knowledge at start-up; ii) To what extent are new actors added to knowledge networks at start-up; iii) Are there differences between existing and new ties in terms of strength and formalisation?; iv) Is there tie persistence in knowledge networks between the start-up and the early growth phases? The results obtained confirm the consideration of the strategies underlying network building is vital for an understanding of the configuration of young science-based firms’ knowledge networks. They reveal the existence of different network building strategies and appear to indicate a tendency for continuity of attitudes over the companies’ life. They also suggest that differences in the network building strategies may be the behind the somewhat contradictory results presented in the literature about the network configuration that is more favourable for innovatio

Knowledge networks in science-based start-ups : actors and strategies

The paper investigates the strategic choices made by young science-based firms’ regarding the selection of knowledge sources. Drawing on two streams of research – on alliances and on social networks – two different dimensions of this strategy are considered: the activation of the entrepreneurs’ social capital and the intentional inclusion of new knowledge sources. The data collected for a subset of the Portuguese biotechnology sector are analysed with a view to answer to three research questions: i) To what do extent firms’ rely on entrepreneurs’ personal networks, activating their social capital to access scientific and technological knowledge at start-up; ii) To what extent are new actors added to knowledge networks at start-up; iii) Are there differences between existing and new ties in terms of strength and formalisation. The results obtained confirm the consideration of the strategies underlying network building is vital for an understanding of the configuration of young science-based firms’ knowledge networks. They reveal the existence of different knowledge network building strategies that often combine tie persistence with search for novelty. They also suggest that differences in the network building strategies may be the behind the somewhat contradictory results presented in the literature about the network configuration that is more favourable for innovation

Social Networks and the entrepreneurial process in molecular biotechnology in Portugal : from science to industry

DINÂMIA'CET, Junho de 2011This paper addresses the network building strategies followed by Portuguese biotechnology start-ups, as well as their implications for the configuration of firms’ networks. Results show that firms combine the use of entrepreneurs’ social capital with an effort to build up new relationships, thus allowing the resource search space to be expanded. The network building strategy is influenced by the team’s characteristics and the nature of the resources searched (knowledge, complementary assets, credibility), which generate different network structures. Results also highlight context-related specificities, such as the central role of research organizations in accessing non-technological resources and the relevance of international relationships.FC

Building innovation networks in science-based young firms: the selection of knowledge sources

The paper investigates the strategic choices made by young science-based firms regarding the selection of knowledge sources. Data collected on Portuguese biotechnology firms are analysed with a view to answer to two research questions: whether, to what extent and in which conditions science-based entrepreneurs activate their social capital and/or build new knowledge relationships at start-up; whether and to what extent the knowledge relationships established at start-up persist and/or the firm builds relationships with new organisations. The results confirm the importance attributed to tie persistence but they also show that science-based firms need to search for new knowledge sources from the very early stages. Thus, their start-up behaviour departs from the one often depicted by the entrepreneurship literature, that emphasises the mobilisation of the entrepreneurs' social capital. Results also show that persistence of ties established at start-up is lower than would be expected

Cinematographic smile: a comparison between the images of Franco and Vargas in the news Nodo and Cine Jornal Brasileiro

Actas del Segundo Congreso Internacional de Historia y Cine organizado por el Instituto de Cultura y Tecnología Miguel de Unamuno y celebrado del 9 al 11 de septiembre de 2010 en la Universidad Carlos III de MadridLa presente comunicación tiene por objetivo discutir el uso del cine como medio de propaganda por los gobiernos autoritarios de Francisco Franco y Getúlio Vargas, el último presidente de Brasil entre 1930 y 1945, comparando las imágenes de los dos en los noticiarios NODO y Cine Jornal Brasileiro. Durante sus gobiernos, los dos presidentes criaron una imagen de sí mismo que era exhibida en las películas para el pueblo español y brasileño, con el objetivo de establecer una aproximación entre los dictadores y la población. De esta forma, analizo como las imágenes cinematográficas de Franco y de Vargas ayudaron a construir y a consolidar el mito de Franco como “Caudillo de España” y de Vargas como “Padre de los pobres”. Para ello, he utilizado como referencial teórico la historia comparada.This communication is intended to discuss the use of film as propaganda by the authoritarian government of Francisco Franco and Getúlio Vargas, the last president of Brazil between 1930 and 1945, comparing the two images in news NODO and Cine Jornal Brasileiro. During their governments, both presidents raised an image of himself that was showed in the films for the Spanish and Brazilian population, with the aim of establishing a rapprochement between the dictators and the population. In this way, I analyze how the cinematographic images of Franco and Vargas helped to construct and to consolidate the myth of Franc like “Caudillo of Spain” and Vargas like “Father of the poor men”. " For that, I have used like referential theoretician compared history.Publicad

Building innovation networks : the process of partner selection by young knowledge-intensive firms

This paper addresses partner selection in innovation networks. It builds on the existing literature to develop an integrative framework that encompasses the main factors identified as influencing selection of innovation partners by young knowledge-intensive firms. It considers that both persistence and novelty are present in the network building process and that to fully understand the selection of innovation partners both aspects have to be considered. A framework is developed that integrates several arguments advanced in the literature to explain partner selection, namely social capital, imprinting and inertia for tie persistence, and network embeddedness and proximity for new tie selection. Using a rare event logit model, we estimate the likelihood of selecting a partner to access resources vital for innovation (both in aggregated terms and distinguishing between three resources - knowledge, complementary assets and credibility). The model is tested using data about the partnerships established by young Portuguese biotechnology firms, purposefully collected through questionnaire-based face-to-face interviews, complemented with documentary information. The results highlight the advantages of adopting an integrated framework that takes into account a variety of complementary explanations for both persistence and novelty, that tend to be addressed separately. They also uncover different network building strategies in terms of partner selection to access the different types of resources needed for innovation