Cirugía de Fontan en nuestro medio: resultados de un centro nacional de referencia

La cirugía de Fontan es una técnica quirúrgica paliativa que surgió para tratar las malformaciones cardiacas con fisiología univentricular, en las que no es posible la reparación biventricular. En la fisiología univentricular, las circulaciones sistémica y pulmonar constan de un solo ventrículo como bomba para las circulaciones sistémica y pulmonar. La técnica de Fontan consiste en separar las circulaciones sistémica y pulmonar, de forma que el retorno venoso proveniente de las venas cavas pase directamente al pulmón sin pasar por el corazón. El ventrículo único soporta únicamente la circulación sistémica. Fue descrita en 1971 por Fontan y Kreutzer. Para redirigir el flujo sanguíneo de las venas cavas al pulmón se necesitan presiones más altas en el sistema venoso sistémico y presiones bajas en el circuito pulmonar. Además, la pérdida de la pulsatibilidad del flujo en las arterias pulmonares favorece el aumento de las resistencias pulmonares. El ventrículo único maneja el gasto sistémico con volúmenes más bajos que en condiciones normales al depender la precarga del retorno venoso pulmonar. El gasto cardiaco se vería afectado ante cualquier daño en los elementos que intervienen en este sistema: conexiones cavo-pulmonares, arteria pulmonar y ramas pulmonares, red vascular pulmonar, venas pulmonares y sus conexiones auriculares..

Impact of Biological Agents on Postsurgical Complications in Inflammatory Bowel Disease : A Multicentre Study of Geteccu

Background: The impact of biologics on the risk of postoperative complications (PC) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still an ongoing debate. This lack of evidence is more relevant for ustekinumab and vedolizumab. Aims: To evaluate the impact of biologics on the risk of PC. Methods: A retrospective study was performed in 37 centres. Patients treated with biologics within 12 weeks before surgery were considered "exposed". The impact of the exposure on the risk of 30-day PC and the risk of infections was assessed by logistic regression and propensity score-matched analysis. Results: A total of 1535 surgeries were performed on 1370 patients. Of them, 711 surgeries were conducted in the exposed cohort (584 anti-TNF, 58 vedolizumab and 69 ustekinumab). In the multivariate analysis, male gender (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2-2.0), urgent surgery (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2-2.2), laparotomy approach (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1-1.9) and severe anaemia (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3-2.6) had higher risk of PC, while academic hospitals had significantly lower risk. Exposure to biologics (either anti-TNF, vedolizumab or ustekinumab) did not increase the risk of PC (OR: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.97-1.58), although it could be a risk factor for postoperative infections (OR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.03-2.27). Conclusions: Preoperative administration of biologics does not seem to be a risk factor for overall PC, although it may be so for postoperative infections

Impact of Biological Agents on Postsurgical Complications in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multicentre Study of Geteccu

Background: The impact of biologics on the risk of postoperative complications (PC) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still an ongoing debate. This lack of evidence is more relevant for ustekinumab and vedolizumab. Aims: To evaluate the impact of biologics on the risk of PC. Methods: A retrospective study was performed in 37 centres. Patients treated with biologics within 12 weeks before surgery were considered “exposed”. The impact of the exposure on the risk of 30-day PC and the risk of infections was assessed by logistic regression and propensity score-matched analysis. Results: A total of 1535 surgeries were performed on 1370 patients. Of them, 711 surgeries were conducted in the exposed cohort (584 anti-TNF, 58 vedolizumab and 69 ustekinumab). In the multivariate analysis, male gender (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2–2.0), urgent surgery (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2–2.2), laparotomy approach (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1–1.9) and severe anaemia (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3–2.6) had higher risk of PC, while academic hospitals had significantly lower risk. Exposure to biologics (either anti-TNF, vedolizumab or ustekinumab) did not increase the risk of PC (OR: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.97–1.58), although it could be a risk factor for postoperative infections (OR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.03–2.27). Conclusions: Preoperative administration of biologics does not seem to be a risk factor for overall PC, although it may be so for postoperative infections

Parainfluenza 3 Respiratory Infection Associated with Pericardial Effusion in a Very Low Birthweight Infant

Parainfluenza 3 virus is a frequent cause of respiratory infections in the pediatric population although it is uncommonly diagnosed in neonates, being usually reported as neonatal intensive care unit microepidemics. We report a case of parainfluenza 3 respiratory infection associated with pericardial effusion in a very low birthweight infant

Osteoporosis y enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal

La enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal es una entidad crónica de etiología desconocida en cuyo desarrollo influyen múltiples variables, como son la susceptibilidad individual, genética e inmunológica, así como diferentes factores ambientales. Sus manifestaciones clínicas son muy variadas y pueden afectar a otros órganos diferentes del tracto digestivo, convirtiéndose por tanto en una enfermedad multisistémica. En los últimos años existe un interés creciente por una de estas manifestaciones, la osteoporosis y la osteopenia, que puede afectar hasta al 42% de los pacientes y condiciona un importante aumento de la morbilidad. La inactividad, el tratamiento corticoideo prolongado, las deficiencias nutricionales y la propia enfermedad pueden favorecer el desarrollo de esta complicación. En esta revisión se repasan aspectos clínicos y etiológicos de la osteoporosis asociada a la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal y se ofrecen pautas para su diagnóstico y tratamiento

Contemporary use of cefazolin for MSSA infective endocarditis: analysis of a national prospective cohort

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the real use of cefazolin for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infective endocarditis (IE) in the Spanish National Endocarditis Database (GAMES) and to compare it with antistaphylococcal penicillin (ASP). Methods: Prospective cohort study with retrospective analysis of a cohort of MSSA IE treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Outcomes assessed were relapse; intra-hospital, overall, and endocarditis-related mortality; and adverse events. Risk of renal toxicity with each treatment was evaluated separately. Results: We included 631 IE episodes caused by MSSA treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Antibiotic treatment was cloxacillin, cefazolin, or both in 537 (85%), 57 (9%), and 37 (6%) episodes, respectively. Patients treated with cefazolin had significantly higher rates of comorbidities (median Charlson Index 7, P <0.01) and previous renal failure (57.9%, P <0.01). Patients treated with cloxacillin presented higher rates of septic shock (25%, P = 0.033) and new-onset or worsening renal failure (47.3%, P = 0.024) with significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality (38.5%, P = 0.017). One-year IE-related mortality and rate of relapses were similar between treatment groups. None of the treatments were identified as risk or protective factors. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cefazolin is a valuable option for the treatment of MSSA IE, without differences in 1-year mortality or relapses compared with cloxacillin, and might be considered equally effective