CC9 Livestock-Associated Staphylococcus aureus Emerges in Bloodstream Infections in French Patients Unconnected With Animal Farming

We report 4 bloodstream infections associated with CC9 agr type II Staphylococcus aureus in individuals without animal exposure. We demonstrate, by microarray analysis, the presence of egc cluster, fnbA, cap operon, lukS, set2, set12, splE, splD, sak, epiD, and can, genomic features associated with a high virulence potential in human

Charbon bactéridien chez le Canard

Goret Pierre, Collet P., Joubert L., Courouble G. Charbon bactéridien chez le Canard. In: Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France tome 101 n°3, 1948. pp. 113-115

Strongyloides stercoralis : global distribution and risk factors

The soil-transmitted threadworm, Strongyloides stercoralis, is one of the most neglected among the so-called neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). We reviewed studies of the last 20 years on S. stercoralis's global prevalence in general populations and risk groups.; A literature search was performed in PubMed for articles published between January 1989 and October 2011. Articles presenting information on infection prevalence were included. A Bayesian meta-analysis was carried out to obtain country-specific prevalence estimates and to compare disease odds ratios in different risk groups taking into account the sensitivities of the diagnostic methods applied. A total of 354 studies from 78 countries were included for the prevalence calculations, 194 (62.4%) were community-based studies, 121 (34.2%) were hospital-based studies and 39 (11.0%) were studies on refugees and immigrants. World maps with country data are provided. In numerous African, Asian and South-American resource-poor countries, information on S. stercoralis is lacking. The meta-analysis showed an association between HIV-infection/alcoholism and S. stercoralis infection (OR: 2.17 BCI: 1.18-4.01; OR: 6.69; BCI: 1.47-33.8), respectively.; Our findings show high infection prevalence rates in the general population in selected countries and geographical regions. S. stercoralis infection is prominent in several risk groups. Adequate information on the prevalence is still lacking from many countries. However, current information underscore that S. stercoralis must not be neglected. Further assessments in socio-economic and ecological settings are needed and integration into global helminth control is warranted

Observatoire Régional du Pneumocoque en région Centre : Évolution de la résistance aux antibiotiques en 2013

National audienc

Observatoire Régional du Pneumocoque en région Centre: évolution de la résistance aux antibiotiques en 2011

National audienc

Strongyloidiasis and Infective Dermatitis Alter Human T Lymphotropic Virus-1 Clonality in vivo.

Human T-lymphotropic Virus-1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that persists lifelong by driving clonal proliferation of infected T-cells. HTLV-1 causes a neuroinflammatory disease and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Strongyloidiasis, a gastrointestinal infection by the helminth Strongyloides stercoralis, and Infective Dermatitis associated with HTLV-1 (IDH), appear to be risk factors for the development of HTLV-1 related diseases. We used high-throughput sequencing to map and quantify the insertion sites of the provirus in order to monitor the clonality of the HTLV-1-infected T-cell population (i.e. the number of distinct clones and abundance of each clone). A newly developed biodiversity estimator called "DivE" was used to estimate the total number of clones in the blood. We found that the major determinant of proviral load in all subjects without leukemia/lymphoma was the total number of HTLV-1-infected clones. Nevertheless, the significantly higher proviral load in patients with strongyloidiasis or IDH was due to an increase in the mean clone abundance, not to an increase in the number of infected clones. These patients appear to be less capable of restricting clone abundance than those with HTLV-1 alone. In patients co-infected with Strongyloides there was an increased degree of oligoclonal expansion and a higher rate of turnover (i.e. appearance and disappearance) of HTLV-1-infected clones. In Strongyloides co-infected patients and those with IDH, proliferation of the most abundant HTLV-1(+) T-cell clones is independent of the genomic environment of the provirus, in sharp contrast to patients with HTLV-1 infection alone. This implies that new selection forces are driving oligoclonal proliferation in Strongyloides co-infection and IDH. We conclude that strongyloidiasis and IDH increase the risk of development of HTLV-1-associated diseases by increasing the rate of infection of new clones and the abundance of existing HTLV-1(+) clones

Cerebral aspergillosis in adult critically ill patients: A descriptive report of 10 patients from the AspICU cohort

An unexpectedly high incidence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) has been reported in non-neutropenic intensive care unit (ICU) patients. After the respiratory tract, the brain is most often affected by invasive aspergillosis. However, little is known about brain involvement by Aspergillus in critically ill patients. In this study, demographics, risk profile, diagnosis, treatment and outcome of proven cases of invasive cerebral aspergillosis (ICA) taken from a cohort of 563 adult patients with evidenced Aspergillus involvement during their ICU stay were reviewed. Ten patients with central nervous system aspergillosis were identified. All had one or more host factors predisposing for invasive aspergillosis. The clinical and radiological presentation was non-specific and exclusively pulmonary-related. All but one patient had proven or probable/putative IPA. On cerebral computed tomography, lesions appeared as either solitary and hyperdense or were multiple and randomly distributed throughout the brain. One patient presented with sole meningeal infestation. Aspergillus infection was confirmed by brain biopsy in three subjects. Voriconazole was used as primary treatment in only one-half of the patients. Mortality was 90%. ICA is not frequently observed in adult ICU patients. Diagnosis must be considered in patients at risk presenting with proven or probable/putative IPA in association with suggestive neuroradiological findings. The brain is most likely affected through haematogenous dissemination from the lungs. Current treatment recommendations are not always applied and outcome remains dismal. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved

Endomyocardial and pericardial aspergillosis in critically ill patients

Invasive aspergillosis(IA) is a potentially lethal complication of Aspergillus infection affecting mainly immunocompromised hosts; however, during the last two decades its incidence was increasingly observed in critically ill immunocompetent patients. The objective of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics of histologically proven endomyocardial and pericardial invasion, in the context of IA, in critically ill patients. Eight critically ill patients with histopathological confirmation of endomyocardial/pericardial aspergillosis were evaluated. Risk factors, clinical and laboratory characteristics, treatment, histopathological characteristics and mortality were recorded. Signs and symptoms of cardiac dysfunction were not observed in any of the patients. Therapy was administered to six of them shortly after the first positive culture. The observed histopathological lesions included haemorrhagic lesions, small vessels with central thrombosis and surrounding consolidated tissue with necrosis. Voriconazole, caspofungin, lipid amphotericin B and itraconazole were the used antifungals. The mortality rate was high (87.5%). Endomyocardial and pericardial aspergillosis are devastating complications of invasive aspergillosis. Clinical suspicion is low making the diagnosis difficult, therefore histopathological examination of tissues are required. The mortality is high. © 2017 Blackwell Verlag Gmb