Assessment of conservation state of gothic wall paintings: from scientifc diagnostic to a new monitoring approach

El capítulo 9 está sujeto a confidencialidad por la autora. 210 p.La presente tesis doctoral se centra en el diagnostico de pinturas murales góticas que pertenecen al territorio vasco e italiano mediante el uso de metodologías no invasivas. Los escenarios investigados han sido, las pinturas murales conservadas en la iglesia de Sant Esteban de Ribera de Valderejo (Álava, País Vasco) y , las de la capilla de San Esteban en Montani (Bolzano, Italia). Gracias al uso de técnicas espectroscopícas portatiles, la caracterización elemental y molecular de la mayoría de los materiales constituyentes ha podido ser determinada in situ. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian la necesidad de realizar un estudio de diagnóstico científico, que permita caracterizar los materiales presentes (originales, modernos y de degradación), y establecer la influencia y acción del entorno. Solo de esta manera se podrán seleccionar métodos de restauración adecuados que eviten tratamientos incorrectos para su preservación. Además, los casos bajo estudio demuestran que no solo el impacto antropogénico es importante sino que el impacto en medios naturales, no agresivos, puede derivar a largo plazo en los mismos efectos perjudiciales, sin un plan de conservación adecuado. A la par, el estudio de las eflorescencias salinas mediante la aplicación del software PALME ha proporcionado información semicuantitativa, demostrando ser una herramienta sencilla, rápida y de gran utilidad en el estudio in situ. Por último, en la linea de investigación de dispositivos no invasivos para la detección y monitorización de los contaminantes atmosféricos, se ha desarrollado un dispositivo portátil de tecnología microfluídica para la detección de amonio en materiales pétreos, permitiendo así la toma de medidas protectoras en antelación al daño

Assessment of conservation state of gothic wall paintings: from scientifc diagnostic to a new monitoring approach

El capítulo 9 está sujeto a confidencialidad por la autora. 210 p.La presente tesis doctoral se centra en el diagnostico de pinturas murales góticas que pertenecen al territorio vasco e italiano mediante el uso de metodologías no invasivas. Los escenarios investigados han sido, las pinturas murales conservadas en la iglesia de Sant Esteban de Ribera de Valderejo (Álava, País Vasco) y , las de la capilla de San Esteban en Montani (Bolzano, Italia). Gracias al uso de técnicas espectroscopícas portatiles, la caracterización elemental y molecular de la mayoría de los materiales constituyentes ha podido ser determinada in situ. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian la necesidad de realizar un estudio de diagnóstico científico, que permita caracterizar los materiales presentes (originales, modernos y de degradación), y establecer la influencia y acción del entorno. Solo de esta manera se podrán seleccionar métodos de restauración adecuados que eviten tratamientos incorrectos para su preservación. Además, los casos bajo estudio demuestran que no solo el impacto antropogénico es importante sino que el impacto en medios naturales, no agresivos, puede derivar a largo plazo en los mismos efectos perjudiciales, sin un plan de conservación adecuado. A la par, el estudio de las eflorescencias salinas mediante la aplicación del software PALME ha proporcionado información semicuantitativa, demostrando ser una herramienta sencilla, rápida y de gran utilidad en el estudio in situ. Por último, en la linea de investigación de dispositivos no invasivos para la detección y monitorización de los contaminantes atmosféricos, se ha desarrollado un dispositivo portátil de tecnología microfluídica para la detección de amonio en materiales pétreos, permitiendo así la toma de medidas protectoras en antelación al daño

New records of smallscale codlet, Bregmaceros nectabanus Whitley, 1941 (Gadiformes: Bregmacerotidae), in the Adriatic Sea

Six specimens of Bregmaceros nectabanus were collected during the acoustic survey MEDIAS in two consecutive years, off Termoli (Italy) in 2020 and in Albanian waters in 2021, during two night shallow hauls. We report the northernmost record of the alien species in the Mediterranean Sea (Northern Adriatic Sea, FAO fishing area 37.2.1) and one of the highest number of individuals caught in a single haul. This finding testifies a recent geographical spread to the eastern Mediterranean Sea from its distribution area in the Indo-Pacific Ocean and Red Sea, reaching the Adriatic Sea during the 2019. Our records support the hypothesis of a possible establishment of B. nectabanus in this basin

Analytical Techniques Applied to the Study of Industrial Archaeology Heritage: The Case of Plaiko Zubixe Footbridge

[EN] In this work, micro-Raman spectroscopy and micro-energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (µ-EDXRF) were applied on microsamples taken from the Plaiko Zubixe footbridge (1927) located in Ondarroa (Basque Country, Spain) in order to investigate the original paint coating and make an evaluation of the conservation state before its restoration. Elemental and molecular images were acquired for the study of the compounds distribution. Some modern pigments such as phthalocyanine blue and green pigments, minium, calcium carbonate, Prussian blue, and hematite were identified. Barium sulfate and titanium dioxide were recognized as opacifier agents. Thanks to the study of the stratigraphies, it has been possible to determine the original paint layer, which includes lead white, ultramarine blue, carbon black, and barium sulfate. In addition, colorimetric analyses made it possible to know the CIELab values of the original layer in order to reproduce the original colour during the planned restoration work. The massive presence of chlorine detected by µ-EDXRF and the corrosion products of the rust layer, in particular akaganeite and hematite, highlighted the atmospheric impact in the conservation of the bridge because they were due to the effect of both marine aerosol and to the presence of acidic components in the environment coming from anthropogenic activity. This work demonstrated the usefulness of a scientific approach for the study of industrial archaeology heritage with the aim to contribute to its conservation and restorationThis research was funded by DEMORA project (Grant No. PID2020-113391GB-I00), funded by the Spanish Agency for Research (through the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, MICINN, and the European Regional Development Fund, FEDER)

Interactions between krill and its predators in the western Ross Sea

Krill is a fundamental resource in the pelagic food web of the Ross Sea, constituting an important link between primary production and top predators. A series of Italian research voyages to the Ross Sea from 1994 to 2016 have contributed to our understanding of the dynamics of krill populations inhabiting the Ross Sea. Only the surveys in 1994 and 2004 reported information on krill’s predators through visual census data, and 2004 data were not object of publication until now. Analyzing Euphausia superba and Euphausia crystallorophias abundance spatial distribution in the study area in relation to the distribution of its key natural predators have shown a significant relationship between the spatial distribution of minke whales’ abundance and the density of E. superba biomass, indicating a classical predator-prey interaction. Moreover, krill biomass density data in the water column were analyzed together with the main environmental data from CTD samplings. The analysis of krill density data in relation to environmental factors throughout the water column revealed a significant relation between E. superba abundance and salinity, a result that may be linked to the presence of ice melting effects improving environment productivity conditions

Protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials examining the effectiveness of early parenting interventions in preventing internalising problems in children and adolescents

Background: Internalising problems, such as depression and anxiety, are common and represent an important economical and societal burden. The effectiveness of parenting interventions in reducing the risk of internalising problems in children and adolescents has not yet been summarised. The aims of this review are to assess the effectiveness of parenting interventions in the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of internalising problems in children and adolescents and to determine which intervention components and which intervention aspects are most effective for reducing the risk of internalising problems in children and adolescents.Methods: Electronic searches in OVID SP versions of MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; EBSCO version of ERIC and ClinicalTrials.gov have been performed to identify randomised controlled trials or quasi-randomised controlled trials of parenting interventions. At least two independent researchers will assess studies for inclusion and extract data from each paper. The risk of bias assessment will be conducted independently by two reviewers using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Statistical heterogeneity is anticipated given potential variation in participant characteristics, intervention type and mode of delivery, and outcome measures. Random effects models, assuming a common between-study variability, will be used to account for statistical heterogeneity. Results will be analysed using a network meta-analysis (NMA). If appropriate, we will also conduct a component-level NMA, where the 'active ingredients' of interventions are modelled using a network meta-regression approach.Discussion: Preventing and reducing internalising problems could have major beneficial effects at the economic and societal level. Informing policy makers on the effectiveness of parenting interventions and on which intervention's component is driving the effect is important for the development of treatment strategies.Systematic review registration: International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) number CRD4202017225

Controllo delle emissioni climalteranti e catene globali del valore

L’entrata in vigore dell’Accordo di Parigi il 4 novembre del 2016 ha sancito per i paesi firmatari un radicale cambio di passo nel-la progettazione delle politiche di contenimento e riduzione delle emissioni di gas serra responsabili del cambiamento climatico. L’Unione europea (UE), in vista della prossima scadenza al 2023 per la presentazione di una nuova strategia di mitigazione delle emissioni climalteranti, ha approvato l’11 dicembre del 2019 il piano di transizione energetica sostenibile noto come European Green Deal, con l’obiettivo ultimo di arrivare al 2050 con una completa decarbonizzazione dell’economia europea. Il piano di mitigazione delle emissioni dell’UE, sebbene molto ambizioso, rimane un pacchetto di interventi su scala unilaterale, che consente di ridurre i gas serra su scala globale solo del 3,4%. I molteplici legami economici e commerciali, che a livello mondiale sono rappresentati dalla stretta integrazione dei processi produttivi dei diversi paesi nelle catene globali del valore, impediscono all’azione unilaterale dell’UE di trasformarsi in un’azione efficace per ridurre le emissioni globali: il carbon leakage riduce l’impatto della politica dell’UE di quasi un terzo

Distribution of Engraulis encrasicolus eggs and larvae in relation to coastal oceanographic conditions (the South-western Adriatic Sea case study)

Identification of potential spawning and nursery areas of European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) represents an essential step in the management of a resource which is of fundamental importance both for fishery and pelagic trophic web. Egg and larvae occurrence from ichthyoplankton surveys (2012 - 2015) in the South Western Adriatic Sea were examined to understand the mechanisms that control their distribution. Egg and larvae densities varied through the years with the highest values recorded in 2012 and the lowest in 2014. Positive correlations between eggs and larvae with zooplankton were observed. When quotient analysis was used to find relations with environmental and biological variables, the results pointed out an egg preference for depth between 91 and 120 m and an avoidance between 11 and 30 m. Moreover, egg avoidances for high values of chlorophyll-a (> 0.52 mg m-3) and low values of zooplankton biomass ( 151 m; preference for high zooplankton biomass (> 1000 mg m-2) and avoidance for low biomass (< 299 mg m-2). These correlations and the quotient values suggest that egg and larvae distribution in the South-Western Adriatic Sea is mainly driven by food availability and depth