Influencia en el rendimiento energético en edificios históricos provocado por el entorno urbano y las modificaciones de proyecto: el caso de la Casa Duclós

Los edificios históricos constituyen parte fundamental del patrimonio cultural tangible de la sociedad actual. El cumplimiento de las exigencias de ahorro energético para mitigar el cambio climático, sin embargo, puede verse limitado aquí debido a las características propias de estos edificios. Además, en el caso de las construcciones históricas, los principios de diseño bioclimático aplicados por los arquitectos, desde principios del siglo XX hasta la actualidad, pueden haber perdido efectividad. Ello ocurre, a veces, por las modificaciones en proyecto o por efectos del desarrollo urbanístico. En este estudio se analizan estos dos aspectos en un determinado edificio histórico ubicado en Sevilla: la Casa Duclós de José Luis Sert. Este presenta modificaciones en la cubierta, cuando se compara la proyectada y la construida. Asimismo, su entorno urbano se ha transformado desde que la Casa fue edificada. Para el análisis expuesto en este artículo, se realizaron simulaciones energéticas utilizando datos climáticos correspondientes al periodo 2000-2019. Los resultados muestran la influencia que tuvieron las modificaciones de la cubierta proyectada y la expansión urbanística en el rendimiento energético del edificio, con respecto a la concepción original del inmueble.Historic buildings are a fundamental part of the tangible cultural heritage of today's society. However, complying with energy saving requirements to mitigate climate change may have limitations caused by the characteristics of these buildings. Also, in the case of historical buildings from the early 20th century to the present, bioclimatic design principles applied by architects may have lost their effectiveness. This occurs, sometimes, because of project modifications or due to the effects of urban expansion. In this study, these two aspects are analyzed in a case of a given historic building located in Seville: The Duclós House by José Luis Sert. This building has modifications on the roof, when comparing its projected and built version. Likewise, its urban environment has changed since it was built. For the analysis presented in this article, energy simulations were carried out using weather data from 2000 to 2019. The results show the influence that the modifications of the projected roof and the urban expansion had on the energy performance of the building compared to the original conception of the property

El estudio de edificaciones mediante modelados informáticos. Reelaboración de documentación gráfica del edificio Escuelas Nuevas en El Pedroso

El antiguo edificio Escuelas Nuevas, obra del arquitecto Aurelio Gómez Millán y situado en plena Sierra Norte de Sevilla, en el municipio de El Pedroso; carece de un estudio histórico riguroso, que recopile toda la información posible sobre el mismo y el cual permanecía cerrado y sin uso, en el periodo que se realizó la investigación. Partiendo de las posibilidades que ofrece la utilización de la tecnología BIM para el estudio de edificacionesmediante modelados informáticos, nos marcamos como objetivos generales elaborar un estudio histórico sobre el edificio Escuelas Nuevas, estudiando las diferentes fases delmismo, desde su gestación, la realización y ejecución del proyecto, así como las posibles intervenciones que pudiese haber sufrido a lo largo de su historia. Como objetivos específicos nos propusimos la creación de un modelo virtual que nos permitiera generar toda la información gráfica a nivel formalizador, así como un análisis de la rentabilidad de trabajo con herramientas de tecnología BIM en el levantamiento de edificaciones patrimoniales. Por último, dada la importancia que tiene la cubierta de madera de este edificio, se realizó la reconstrucción virtual y a partir de ella la implementación de la correspondiente documentación gráfica para su correcta definición. La fase operativa del trabajo la afrontamos tras el estudio histórico, desde la óptica de la realización de un modelo virtual que reprodujera, lo más fielmente posible al original, convencidos de que este procedimiento de trabajo nos aportaría la posibilidad de análisis del edificio sin necesidad de intervenir físicamente sobre el mismo, así como nos proporcionaría una valiosísima documentación gráfica quese podría utilizar para su restauración y mantenimiento

Catalogación de la obra residencial de Aníbal González en Andalucía, España

The objective of this research, as part of the AGORA project, is to catalogue the residential work of one of the most repre- sentative architects of the Andalusian regionalist movement of the first quarter of the twentieth century, Aníbal González. The cataloguing system developed allows the classification of all the scattered information, which involves more than one hundred and sixty projects lacking enhancement and protection. The database designed comprises a set of records that collects all formal, stylistic, constructive, historical and documentary information of the buildings under study throughout their life cycle, collected from different sources that are not accessible to the general public. The accessi- bility of the research results will provide experts with the scientific knowledge needed for decision-making processes focused on heritage study and intervention. Furthermore, it will contribute to arouse interest in this significant heritage at the tourist level, innovating and diversifying the Andalu- sian cultural tourist offer.El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar cómo se catalogó la obra residencial de uno de los arquitectos más representativos del movimiento regionalista andaluz del primer cuarto del siglo XX, Aníbal González. El sistema de catalogación desarrollado permite clasificar toda la información dispersa, lo que implica más de 160 proyectos que carecen de realce y protección. La base de datos diseñada comprende un conjunto de expedientes que recoge toda la información formal, estilística, constructiva, histórica y documental de los edificios en construcción a lo largo de su ciclo de vida, recolectada de diferentes fuentes a las que el público general no tiene acceso. La accesibilidad de los resultados de la investigación proveerá a los expertos el conocimiento científico necesario para los procesos de toma de decisión enfocados en los estudios de patrimonio y la intervención. Además, esto contribuirá a la evocación de interés en este patrimonio significativo, en lo que respecta al turismo, inno vando y diversificando la oferta turística y cultural andaluza.O objetivo deste artigo, como parte do projeto AGORA, é catalogar o trabalho residencial de um dos arquitetos mais representativos do movimento regionalista andaluz do pri- meiro quarto do século XX, Aníbal González. O sistema de catalogação desenvolvido permite a classificação de toda a informação dispersa, o que involucra mais de cento e sessenta projetos que careciam de realce e proteção. O banco de dados desenhado compreende um conjunto de registros que coleta toda a informação formal, estilística, construtiva, histórica e documentária das edificações estudadas ao longo do seu ciclo de vida, coletada de diferentes fontes que não são acessíveis ao público em geral. A acessibilidade dos resulta- dos da pesquisa proverá aos expertos com o conhecimento cientifico necessário para os processos de toma de decisões concentrados nos estudos de património e intervenção. Além disso, o ártico contribuirá no despertar de interesse neste património significativo no nível turístico, inovando e diversificando a oferta turística cultural andaluza

El estudio de edificaciones mediante modelados informáticos. Reelaboración de documentación gráfica del edificio Escuelas Nuevas en El Pedroso

[ES] El antiguo edificio Escuelas Nuevas, obra del arquitecto Aurelio Gómez Millán y situado en plena Sierra Norte de Sevilla, en el municipio de El Pedroso; carece de un estudio histórico riguroso, que recopile toda la información posible sobre el mismo y el cual permanecía cerrado y sin uso, en el periodo que se realizó la investigación.Partiendo de las posibilidades que ofrece la utilización de la tecnología BIM para el estudio de edificaciones mediante modelados informáticos, nos marcamos como objetivos generales elaborar un estudio histórico sobre el edificio Escuelas Nuevas, estudiando las diferentes fases del mismo, desde su gestación, la realización y ejecución del proyecto, así como las posibles intervenciones que pudiese haber sufrido a lo largo de su historia.Como objetivos específicos nos propusimos la creación de un modelo virtual que nos permitiera generar toda la información gráfica a nivel formalizador, así como un análisis de la rentabilidad de trabajo con herramientas de tecnología BIM en el levantamiento de edificaciones patrimoniales. Por último, dada la importancia que tiene la cubierta de madera de este edificio, se realizó la reconstrucción virtual y a partir de ella la implementación de la correspondiente documentación gráfica para su correcta definición.La fase operativa del trabajo la afrontamos tras el estudio histórico, desde la óptica de la realización de un modelo virtual que reprodujera, lo más fielmente posible al original, convencidos de que este procedimiento de trabajo nos aportaría la posibilidad de análisis del edificio sin necesidad de intervenir físicamente sobre el mismo, así como nos proporcionaría una valiosísima documentación gráfica que se podría utilizar para su restauración y mantenimiento.López Jobacho, R.; Cortés Albalá, I. (2016). El estudio de edificaciones mediante modelados informáticos. Reelaboración de documentación gráfica del edificio Escuelas Nuevas en El Pedroso. EGE Revista de Expresión Gráfica en la Edificación. 0(9):95-103. https://doi.org/10.4995/ege.2016.12476OJS951030

A Multiplatform BIM-Integrated Construction Waste Quantification Model during Design Phase: the case of the Structural System in a Spanish Building

Construction waste (CW) is a prime contributor to the stream of total waste worldwide. One of the biggest challenges of the construction industry is to minimise CW and to develop practices of a more sustainable nature for its management and recycling in order to promote its transition towards a more effective circular economy. The implementation of these practices contributes towards mitigating the scarcity of natural resources and the environmental impact of CW. Thus, a preceding and essential step is the estimation of CW during building design, which will allow the adoption of measures for its early reduction and optimisation. For this purpose, Building Information Modelling (BIM) has become a useful methodology to predict waste during the early stages of design. There remains, however, a lack of instrumental development. Therefore, this study proposes a BIM-based method to estimate CW during building design by integrating a consolidated construction waste quantification model in three different BIM platforms. For its validation, the method is applied to the structural system of a Spanish residential building. The results provide evidence that the proposed method is vendor-neutral and enables the automatic identification and quantification of the waste generated by each building element during the design stage in multiple BIM platforms

Plasterwork in the Ambassadors Hall (Salon de Embajadores) of the Real Alcazar of Seville (Spain): Graphic reconstruction of polychrome work by layer characterization

This work examines a polychrome plasterwork in one of the most important scalloped arches in the Ambassadors Hall (Salón de Embajadores), which is the most outstanding room in the Mudéjar Palace of the Real Alcázar of Seville (Spain). Characterization by stratigraphy, XFR, XRD, and FTIR studies has supplied data on changes in the composition and colors in this building element. The research is complemented with historical information on the most significant interventions in this hall. Graphic analysis and the modeling of decorative geometric elements in 3D with BIM software were used to simulate its evolution from its original state. The results characterize the base plasterwork and the polychromies constituted by 1–3 microlayers with a thickness between 5 and 300 lm, formed of blue (19.88% Cu-azurite), vermilion (19.00% Pb-massicot and 5.34% Hg-cinnabar), and golden layers (68.93% Au). The colors were obtained through the use of mineral pigments such as azurite, cinnabar-litharge, and gold-leaf, respectively. The rich colors visible in this hall now have varied over time

Quantification of Construction Waste in Early Design Stages Using Bim-Based Tool

Construction and demolition waste represents a growing environmental, social, and economic problem, and has become a priority for European and worldwide policies. The early quantification of construction waste is essential for the minimisation of its production and the improvement of waste management. This requires the development of design-based tools that enable a better understanding of the expected waste produced during the construction phase. Building Information Modelling (BIM) methodologies have gained recognition in the Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Operations (AECO) sector, largely due to their capacity for data simulation, storage, and management during the building design phase. This study presents a software application, called WE-BIM Add-in, to quantify construction waste (CW) while designing the BIM model in Revit. A validated CW quantification model which enables waste types and quantities per building element to be predicted in detail according to the European List of Waste (LoW) is integrated into the Revit workflow. Design alternatives could be effortlessly simulated in real time to assist practitioners in decision-making during the early design stages. Two alternative structural systems of a Spanish residential building were compared: a reinforced concrete structure, Option 1 (O1), and a steel structure, Option 2 (O2). The results were obtained automatically: O2, in addition to reducing 56% of O1′s waste, would have increased the waste recycling rate by 49%; and displayed in Revit, thereby remaining consistent with those of other studies that compare prefabricated systems with in situ systems. This work provides a basis for future research into the automated estimation of construction waste in BIM which could become a useful tool in waste-prevention policies

A novel architecture for large windows processors

Several processor architectures with large instruction windows have been proposed. They improve performance by maintaining hundreds of instructions in flight to increase the level of instruction parallelism (ILP). Such architectures replace a re-order buffer (ROB) with a check-pointing mechanism and an out-of-order release of the processor resources. Check-pointing, however, leads to an imprecise state recovery on mispredicted branches and exceptions and frequent re-execution of current-path instructions during the state recovery. It also requires large register files complicating renaming, allocation and release of physical registers. This technical report proposes a new processor architecture that does not use either a traditional ROB or check-pointing, avoids the above-mentioned problems, and has a fast, distributed state recovery mechanism. Its novel register management architecture allows implementation of large register files with simpler and more scalable, register renaming and commit. It is also key to the precise recovery mechanism.Postprint (published version

A distributed processor state management architecture for large-window processors

Processor architectures with large instruction windows have been proposed to expose more instruction-level parallelism (ILP) and increase performance. Some of the proposed architectures replace a re-order buffer (ROB) with a check-pointing mechanism and an out-of-order release of processor resources. Check-pointing, however, leads to an imprecise processor state recovery on mis-predicted branches and exceptions and re-execution of correct-path instructions after state recovery. It also requires large register files complicating renaming, allocation and release of physical registers. This paper proposes a new processor architecture called a Multi-State Processor (MSP). The MSP does not use check-pointing, avoids the above-mentioned problems, and has a fast, distributed state recovery mechanism. The MSP uses a novel register management architecture allowing implementation of large register files with simpler and more scalable register allocation, renaming, and release. It is also key to precise processor state recovery mechanism. The MSP is shown to improve IPC by 14%, on average, for integer SPEC CPU2000 benchmarks compared to a check-pointing based mechanism ([2]) when a fast and simple branch predictor is used. With a very aggressive branch predictor the IPC improvement is 1%, on average, and 3% if some of the programs are optimized for the MSP. The MSP also reduces the average number of executed instructions by 16.5% (12% for the aggressive branch predictor), mostly due to precise state recovery. This improves the MSP processor energy efficiency even though it uses a larger register file.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

QSAR-derived affinity fingerprints (part 2): modeling performance for potency prediction.

Affinity fingerprints report the activity of small molecules across a set of assays, and thus permit to gather information about the bioactivities of structurally dissimilar compounds, where models based on chemical structure alone are often limited, and model complex biological endpoints, such as human toxicity and in vitro cancer cell line sensitivity. Here, we propose to model in vitro compound activity using computationally predicted bioactivity profiles as compound descriptors. To this aim, we apply and validate a framework for the calculation of QSAR-derived affinity fingerprints (QAFFP) using a set of 1360 QSAR models generated using Ki, Kd, IC50 and EC50 data from ChEMBL database. QAFFP thus represent a method to encode and relate compounds on the basis of their similarity in bioactivity space. To benchmark the predictive power of QAFFP we assembled IC50 data from ChEMBL database for 18 diverse cancer cell lines widely used in preclinical drug discovery, and 25 diverse protein target data sets. This study complements part 1 where the performance of QAFFP in similarity searching, scaffold hopping, and bioactivity classification is evaluated. Despite being inherently noisy, we show that using QAFFP as descriptors leads to errors in prediction on the test set in the ~ 0.65-0.95 pIC50 units range, which are comparable to the estimated uncertainty of bioactivity data in ChEMBL (0.76-1.00 pIC50 units). We find that the predictive power of QAFFP is slightly worse than that of Morgan2 fingerprints and 1D and 2D physicochemical descriptors, with an effect size in the 0.02-0.08 pIC50 units range. Including QSAR models with low predictive power in the generation of QAFFP does not lead to improved predictive power. Given that the QSAR models we used to compute the QAFFP were selected on the basis of data availability alone, we anticipate better modeling results for QAFFP generated using more diverse and biologically meaningful targets. Data sets and Python code are publicly available at https://github.com/isidroc/QAFFP_regression