A evolução dos paradigmas educacionais à luz das teorias curriculares

O presente artigo tece algumas considerações relativas à evolução sentida no campo da educação, partindo do modelo comunicacional unidireccional em direcção à explicitação de um novo paradigma educacional. Este paradigma emergente, no limiar do século XXI, adequa-se a uma sociedade dita informacional e relaciona-se com os ambientes de aprendizagem vindouros. Para uma caracterização dos paradigmas abordados neste artigo, recorremos às teorias curriculares como forma de fundamentação das práticas complexas que estão na base dos modelos de organização subjacentes a estes.This article discusses some issues relating to the evolution suffered by education, from the unidirectional communicational model to the definition of a new educational paradigm. This emergent paradigm, in the beginning of the XXI century, is suited to the so called information society and relates to forthcoming learning environments. For a full characterization of the paradigms approached in this article, we refer to the curricular theories which help to understand the complex practices that are the basics of organizational models underlying these paradigms.Cet article nous propose quelques réflexions sur l' évolution de l' éducation, à partir du modèle communicationnel unidirectionnel en direction à l' éxplicitation d' un nouveau paradigme éducationnel. Ce paradigme emergeant, au début du XXI siècle, s' adapte à une societé dite informationnelle et se rapporte aux environnements d' apprentissage de l' avenir du futur. Pour une caractérisation des paradigmes abordés dans cet article nous avons utilisé des théories curriculaires pour justifier des pratiques complexes qui constituent le support des modèles d' organisation sousjacent à ces paradigmes

Anterior femoral cut in total knee arthroplasty: a classification proposal

Background: The cut of the anterior femur (CAF) sets the rotation of the femoral component, which could affect patellar tracking, and influence the clinical results on total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of this study was to suggest a classification for anterior femoral cut in TKA. Methods: Images of anterior femoral cuts were aggregated in different shapes and defined a classification. Onehundred femoral image’s cuts were analysed by 5 orthopaedic surgeons, which classified them twice. To analyse inter and intra-observer agreement, the Fleiss Kappa test was used. Results: The study proposes the following CAF classification, type 1 (one peak) and type 2 (two peaks); subtypes 1 (a) a central base peak, 1 (b) a lateral base peak, 2 (a) two peaks where the smallest is in the lower half, and 2 (b) two peaks where the smallest is in the upper half. In our study, type 2 (a) was the most common type (54.5%), followed by type 1 (b). The analysis showed good intra- and inter-observer agreements (mean K of 0.774 and 0.627, respectively). The intra and inter-observer concordance was statistically significant in all the analyses. Conclusions: The CAF classification system for TKA is considered a reproducible classification. To our knowledge, there is no study describing a shape’s classification of this cut. A slight rotation of the femoral cutting guide could change the axial rotation and positioning of the femoral component. An undesirable cut could lead to different patellofemoral offset and could consequently cause anterior pain and instability.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Anterior femoral cut in total knee arthroplasty: a classification proposal

Background: The cut of the anterior femur (CAF) sets the rotation of the femoral component, which could affect patellar tracking, and influence the clinical results on total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of this study was to suggest a classification for anterior femoral cut in TKA.Methods: Images of anterior femoral cuts were aggregated in different shapes and defined a classification. One-hundred femoral image’s cuts were analysed by 5 orthopaedic surgeons, which classified them twice. To analyse inter and intra-observer agreement, the Fleiss Kappa test was used.Results: The study proposes the following CAF classification, type 1 (one peak) and type 2 (two peaks); subtypes 1 (a) a central base peak, 1 (b) a lateral base peak, 2 (a) two peaks where the smallest is in the lower half, and 2 (b) two peaks where the smallest is in the upper half. In our study, type 2 (a) was the most common type (54.5%), followed by type 1 (b). The analysis showed good intra- and inter-observer agreements (mean K of 0.774 and 0.627, respectively). The intra and inter-observer concordance was statistically significant in all the analyses.Conclusions: The CAF classification system for TKA is considered a reproducible classification. To our knowledge, there is no study describing a shape’s classification of this cut. A slight rotation of the femoral cutting guide could change the axial rotation and positioning of the femoral component. An undesirable cut could lead to different patellofemoral offset and could consequently cause anterior pain and instability

Mitochondrial proteomics of the acetic acid – induced programmed cell death response in a highly tolerant Zygosaccharomyces bailii – derived hybrid strain

Very high concentrations of acetic acid at low pH induce programmed cell death (PCD) in both the experimental model Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in Zygosaccharomyces bailii, the latter being considered the most problematic acidic food spoilage yeast due to its remarkable intrinsic resistance to this food preservative. However, while the mechanisms underlying S. cerevisiae PCD induced by acetic acid have been previously examined, the corresponding molecular players remain largely unknown in Z. bailii. Also, the reason why acetic acid concentrations known to be necrotic for S. cerevisiae induce PCD with an apoptotic phenotype in Z. bailii remains to be elucidated. In this study, a 2-DE-based expression mitochondrial proteomic analysis was explored to obtain new insights into the mechanisms involved in PCD in the Z. bailii derived hybrid strain ISA1307. This allowed the quantitative assessment of expression of protein species derived from each of the parental strains, with special emphasis on the processes taking place in the mitochondria known to play a key role in acetic acid – induced PCD. A marked decrease in the content of proteins involved in mitochondrial metabolism, in particular, in respiratory metabolism (Cor1, Rip1, Lpd1, Lat1 and Pdb1), with a concomitant increase in the abundance of proteins involved in fermentation (Pdc1, Ald4, Dld3) was registered. Other differentially expressed identified proteins also suggest the involvement of the oxidative stress response, protein translation, amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, among other processes, in the PCD response. Overall, the results strengthen the emerging concept of the importance of metabolic regulation of yeast PCD.Funding received by iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences from FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (UID/BIO/04565/2013) and from Programa Operacional Regional de Lisboa 2020 (Project N. 007317) is acknowledge

Environmentally-friendly reduced graphene oxide functionalized with hyaluronic acid for targeted cancer photothermal therapy

Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) is one of the most promising nanomaterials for cancer photothermal therapy (PTT) due to its high near infrared (NIR) absorption. However, the rGO producing methods uses dangerous reducing agents, resulting in poor biocompatibility. Additionally, rGO also displays poor colloidal stability and is unable to target cancer cells. These limitations can be improved by using environmentally-friendly reduction methods and by functionalizing this nanomaterial with amphiphilic polymers. In this work, the production of reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) rGO was performed by using an environmentally-friendly method (reduction with L-ascorbic Acid (LAA)). Then, the obtained rGO was functionalized with an amphiphilic polymer based on hyaluronic acid (HA-g-PMAO) for application in CD44-targeted breast cancer PTTGrants UBI/Santander-Tottainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Perfil sociodemográfico e epidemiológico das vítimas de violência sexual no Estado de Sergipe

Dentre as manifestações de violência, a sexual é tida como a mais persistente e cruel, pois gera implicações traumáticas e permanentes para quem sofre.  Atravessa décadas, permeia várias culturas, populações de diferentes faixas etárias e diversos espaços sociais, sendo, portanto, considerada como problema de saúde pública e de violação aos direitos humanos. O estudo objetivou caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico e epidemiológico das vítimas de violência sexual notificadas no Serviço de Atendimento Médico a Vítimas de Violência Sexual. Estudo descritivo, de corte transversal, com coleta retrospectiva a partir dos prontuários das vítimas do serviço, no estado de Sergipe, no período de 2007 a 2011. A faixa etária das vítimas concentrou 56% de 10 a 14 anos e 94,3% do sexo feminino. Predominou a violência praticada por agressores conhecidos (84,8%) e o IML encaminhou 82,3% dos casos; 64% não fizeram uso de álcool e/ou drogas, enquanto 25% dos agressores fizeram uso. A procura por atendimento apontou 55,4% após 72h da agressão e 57,7% apresentou ausência de lesões. A gravidez ocorreu em 6,3% dos casos e predominou a infecção por sífilis. A partir do conhecimento do perfil das vítimas de violência, espera-se que o presente estudo possa contribuir sensibilizando gestores e profissionais de saúde para o aprimoramento da atenção integral e humanizada ofertada por todos os serviços no atendimento identificando as vítimas de violência sexual

Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the CSF of patients with Alzheimer's disease and their correlation with cognitive decline

Cumulative data suggest that neuroinflammation plays a prominent role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. The purpose of this work was to assess if patients with AD present a specific cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine profile and if it correlates to disease progression. We determined the levels of 27 cytokines in CSF of patients with AD and compared them with patients with frontotemporal dementia and nondemented controls. In addition, we correlated the cytokine levels with cognitive status and disease progression after 12 months. Patients with AD had higher levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines (eotaxin, interleukin [IL]-1ra, IL-4, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-15, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, platelet-derived growth factor, tumor necrosis factor alfa) compared to nondemented controls. There was a negative correlation between the disease progression and the levels of several cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-9, IL-17A, basic fibroblast growth factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon gamma, macrophage inflammatory proteins-1β). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting a "protective" role of the upregulation of specific intrathecal cytokine levels in AD. This finding supports that a fine "rebalancing" of the immune system represents a new target in AD therapeutic approach.The work at ICVS/3B's has been developed under the scope of the project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000013, supported by the Northern Portugal Regional Operational Program (NORTE, 2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) and funded by FEDER funds through the Competitiveness Factors Operational Program (COMPETE) and by National funds, through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), under the scope of the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007038. The work at Centro Hospitalar do Porto (CHP) work was funded by "Bolsa para Investigacao" of Departamento de Ensino Formacao e Investigacao (DEFI) do CHP. S.P. das Neves is a recipient of a PhD fellowship with the reference PD/BD/114120/2015, from POCH through FCT National Funds

Determination of ochratoxin A in bread: evaluation of microwave-assisted extraction using an orthogonal composite design coupled with response surface methodology

An analytical method using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and liquid chromatography (LC) with fluorescence detection (FD) for the determination of ochratoxin A (OTA) in bread samples is described. A 24 orthogonal composite design coupled with response surface methodology was used to study the influence of MAE parameters (extraction time, temperature, solvent volume, and stirring speed) in order to maximize OTA recovery. The optimized MAE conditions were the following: 25 mL of acetonitrile, 10 min of extraction, at 80 °C, and maximum stirring speed. Validation of the overall methodology was performed by spiking assays at five levels (0.1–3.00 ng/g). The quantification limit was 0.005 ng/g. The established method was then applied to 64 bread samples (wheat, maize, and wheat/maize bread) collected in Oporto region (Northern Portugal). OTAwas detected in 84 % of the samples with a maximum value of 2.87 ng/g below the European maximum limit established for OTA in cereal products of 3 ng/g

In situ immune response in human dermatophytosis: possible role of Langerhans cells (CD1a+) as a risk factor for dermatophyte infection

Dermatophytosis is a cutaneous mycosis caused by a plethora of keratinophilic fungi, but Trichophyton rubrum is the most common etiological agent. Despite its high prevalence worldwide, little is known about the host defense mechanisms in this infection, particularly the in situ immune response. Using an immunohistochemistry approach, we investigated the density of CD1a+, factor XIIIa+ and CD68+ cells in the skin of dermatophytosis patients. Langerhans cells (CD1a+ cells) were significantly decreased in the epidermis of patients, both in affected and unaffected areas. In the dermis, however, no differences in the density of macrophages (CD68+ cells) and dermal dendrocytes (factor XIIIa+ cells) were observed. These results suggest that the decreased number of Langerhans cells may be a risk factor for development of dermatophytosis

How many biomarker measurements are needed to predict prognosis in Crohn's disease patients under infliximab?—A prospective study

BackgroundTimely stratification of Crohn's disease (CD) is essential for patients' management. The use of noninvasive accurate biomarkers is key to monitor treatment and to pursue mucosal healing, the ultimate treatment endpoint in CD. ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the performance of readily available biomarkers and develop risk matrices to predict CD progression. MethodsData from 289 CD patients receiving infliximab (IFX) maintenance therapy for 2 years was collected; those patients were included in DIRECT, a prospective multicenter observational study. Disease progression was evaluated using two composite outcomes incorporating clinical and drug-related factors, the first including IFX dose and/or frequency adjustments. Univariate and multivariable logistic regressions were used to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and to develop risk matrices. ResultsThe isolated presence of anemia at least once during follow-up was a significant predictor of disease progression (OR 2.436 and 3.396 [p 10.0 mg/L) and fecal calprotectin (FC; >500.0 mu g/g) in at least one visit were also significant predictors, while milder elevations (3.1-10.0 mg/L and 250.1-500.0 mu g/g) were only relevant when detected in at least two visits (consecutive or not). The combination of biomarkers in risk matrices had good ability to predict progression; patients simultaneously presenting anemia, highly elevated CRP and FC at least once had 42%-63% probability of achieving the composite outcomes. ConclusionThe combined evaluation of hemoglobin, CRP, and FC in at least one time point and their incorporation into risk matrices seems to be the optimal strategy for CD management, as data from additional visits did not meaningfully influence the predictions and may delay decision-making.Portuguese Group of Studies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (GEDII)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio