Parásitos gastrointestinales en el mono choro cola amarilla (Lagothrix flavicauda) de vida silvestre en el distrito Corosha, Amazonas, Perú

The aim of this study was to identify gastrointestinal parasites present in wild yellow-tailed woolly monkey (Lagothrix flavicauda) in the Corosha district, Amazonas department, Peru. Twenty fecal samples were collected immediately after defecation. Each sample was separated into two portions to be fixed in 10% formalin at 65 ºC and in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The samples were analyzed using the Direct, Ritchie, Sheather Sugar, Gomori trichrome staining and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining methods. The gastrointestinal parasites found were four nematodes (Capillaria sp, Ancylostoma sp, Strongyloides cebus, Strongyloides sp), one cestode (Paratriotaenia oedipomidatis), one acantocephalus (Prosthenorchis elegans) and three protozoa (Entamoeba coli, Cryptosporidium sp, Coccidia sp. Coccidia sp is a new genus reported for Lagothrix flavicauda.El objetivo del estudio fue identificar parásitos gastrointestinales presentes en monos choro cola amarilla (Lagothrix flavicauda) de vida silvestre en el distrito de Corosha, departamento de Amazonas, Perú. Se recolectaron 20 muestras fecales inmediatas a la defecación. Cada muestra se separó en dos porciones para ser fijadas en formol al 10% a 65 ºC y en alcohol polivinílico (PVA). Las muestras fueron analizadas mediante los métodos Directo, Ritchie, Sheather Sugar, coloración tricrómico de Gomori y tinción de Ziehl-Neelsen modificado. Los parásitos gastrointestinales encontrados fueron: cuatro nematodos (Capillaria sp, Ancylostoma sp, Strongyloides cebus, Strongyloides sp), un cestodo (Paratriotaenia oedipomidatis), un acantocéfalo (Prosthenorchis elegans) y tres protozoarios (Entamoeba coli, Cryptosporidium sp, Coccidia sp). Coccidia sp es un género nuevo reportado para Lagothrix flavicauda.&nbsp

Canes domésticos como reservorio de Leptospira spp y Toxoplasma gondii en una comunidad campesina del Bosque nuboso del noreste de Perú

The aim of this study was to identify the role of domestic dogs as reservoirs of Leptospira spp and Toxoplasma gondii in the Rural Community of Corosha, department of Amazonas, Peru, through the analysis of prevalence and epidemiological characteristics, as well as tenure associated with dog positivity. A survey was carried out on the dog owners and blood samples were taken. In total, 55 samples were analyzed by the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) for the identification of anti-Leptospira spp antibodies and 62 samples with the Indirect Hemagglutination technique (HAI) for anti-T. gondii. The seroprevalence of Leptospira spp was 82.3%, detecting antibodies against the Grippotyphosa (58.2%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (54.6%), Pomona (40.0%), Canicola (32.7%), Bratislava (30.9%) and Georgia (21.8%) serovars. Dogs with access to the river showed a higher prevalence of Leptospira (94.9%) compared to individuals without access (68.8%) (p<0.05). Likewise, 37.1% of the evaluated dogs were seropositive for T. gondii. The study reveals the circulation of Leptospira spp and T. gondii in domestic dogs of the rural community of Corosha.El objetivo del estudio fue identificar el rol de los canes domésticos como reservorios de Leptospira spp y Toxoplasma gondii en la Comunidad Campesina de Corosha, departamento de Amazonas, Perú, mediante el análisis de prevalencia y de las características epidemiológicas, así como de tenencia asociadas a la positividad de los canes. Se realizó una encuesta a los tutores de los canes y se tomaron muestras sanguíneas. En total, 55 muestras fueron analizadas por la Prueba de Aglutinación Microscópica (MAT) para la identificación de anticuerpos anti-Leptospira spp y 62 muestras con la técnica de Hemaglutinación Indirecta (HAI) para anticuerpos anti-T. gondii. La seroprevalencia de Leptospira spp fue de 82.3%, detectándose anticuerpos contra los serovares Grippotyphosa (58.2%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (54.6%), Pomona (40.0%), Canicola (32.7%), Bratislava (30.9%) y Georgia (21.8%). Los canes con acceso al río mostraron mayor prevalencia de Leptospira (94.9%) en comparación a los individuos que no tienen acceso (68.8%) (p<0.05). Asimismo, 37.1% de los canes evaluados resultaron seropositivos para T. gondii. El estudio da a conocer la circulación de Leptospira spp y T. gondii en canes domésticos de la comunidad campesina de Corosha

Corrigendum: A Severe Lack of Evidence Limits Effective Conservation of the World's Primates

In the originally published version of this article, the author's name, Kathy Slater, was incorrectly spelt in the author list and within the “Author Biographical” section. This has now been corrected online.Additional co-authors: Fabiano R de MELO, P Fan, Cyril C Grueter, Diana C Guzmán-Caro, Eckhard W Heymann, Ilka Herbinger, Minh D Hoang, Robert H Horwich, Tatyana Humle, Rachel A Ikemeh, Inaoyom S Imong, Leandro Jerusalinsky, Steig E Johnson, Peter M Kappeler, Maria Cecília M Kierulff, Inza Koné, Rebecca Kormos, Khac Q LE, Baoguo Li, Andrew J Marshall, Erik Meijaard, Russel A Mittermeier, Yasuyuki Muroyama, Eleonora Neugebauer, Lisa Orth, Erwin Palacios, Sarah K Papworth, Andrew J Plumptre, Ben M Rawson, Johannes Refisch, Jonah Ratsimbazafy, Christian Roos, Joanna M Setchell, Rebecca K Smith, Tene Sop, Christoph Schwitzer, Kathy Slater, Shirley C Strum, William J Sutherland, Maurício Talebi, Janette Wallis, Serge Wich, Roman M Wittig, Hjalmar S Küh

Tropical field stations yield high conservation return on investment

Conservation funding is currently limited; cost‐effective conservation solutions are essential. We suggest that the thousands of field stations worldwide can play key roles at the frontline of biodiversity conservation and have high intrinsic value. We assessed field stations’ conservation return on investment and explored the impact of COVID‐19. We surveyed leaders of field stations across tropical regions that host primate research; 157 field stations in 56 countries responded. Respondents reported improved habitat quality and reduced hunting rates at over 80% of field stations and lower operational costs per km 2 than protected areas, yet half of those surveyed have less funding now than in 2019. Spatial analyses support field station presence as reducing deforestation. These “earth observatories” provide a high return on investment; we advocate for increased support of field station programs and for governments to support their vital conservation efforts by investing accordingly

Primate abundance and habitat preferences on the lower Urubamba and Tambo rivers, central–eastern Peruvian Amazonia

Abstract We report information on population density, group size, and habitat preferences of primates along the lower Río Urubamba and in the Río Urubamba–Río Tambo interfluvium, in central–eastern Peruvian Amazonia, an area that has been little explored with regard to its primate fauna. During 425 km of transect walks in October–November 2008 and April–May 2009 totally 174 groups of nine primate species were encountered, the most common being Callicebus brunneus (45 groups), Saguinus imperator (41 groups), and Aotus nigriceps (26 groups). Group sizes were smallest for A. nigriceps and C. brunneus (mean of 2.8 and 2.9, respectively) and largest for Saimiri boliviensis (mean 15.6). Population densities were lowest for Lagothrix cana (3.3 individuals/km 2 ) and highest for A. nigriceps (31.1 individuals/km 2 ). Groups of C. brunneus , S. imperator , S. boliviensis , Cebus albifrons , and Cebus apella were most frequently (83 % of sightings) encountered in semi-dense or in open primary forest that included stands of bamboo ( Guadua sarcocarpa ) or where bamboo was a very common species

An Andean bear population hotspot in Northern Peru

Peru is probably home to the largest population of Andean bears (Tremarctos ornatus; Peyton 1999); however, no studies have assessed the density and ecology of the species in this region in the past 20 years. Population density estimates are a cornerstone of species conservation because they help guide decision-making and monitoring of species trends. Here, we study Andean bear population density in a small area (i.e., visible area: 352 ha), Copal, in the Amazonas region in Peru between 2015 and 2017. To estimate Andean bear density, we used 3 methods: one based on capture-recapture data of bears, one based on an occupancy model, and one based on the frequency of a uniquely colored bear compared with the frequency of other black Andean bears. Our results estimated Andean bear densities between 8.85 and 17.39 bears/100 km(2); we considered our estimate of 10.38 bears/100 km(2) from capture-recapture data to be the most reliable. We also recalculated Andean bear density results from Ecuador by Molina et al. (2017), which provided a similar estimate of 11.49 bears/100 km(2). Additionally, we report a unique finding of a bear with a golden brown pelage, which we suspect to be the first case in Andean bears. During behavioral observations, Andean bears were predominantly feeding. We suggest that, although Andean bears have large home ranges, a few small areas may be of disproportionate importance to a population. Protecting small areas frequently used by a large number of bears could be an effective mean for Andean bear conservation where large reserves are not a feasible option. We also recognize the need for large-scale studies using a spatial capture-recapture framework, and to associate the results of Andean bear density with resource use in order to successfully protect high-value Andean bear habitat

Distribution and Abundance of White-Fronted Spider Monkeys, Ateles belzebuth (Atelidae), and Threats to Their Survival in Peruvian Amazonia

The white-fronted spider monkey, Ateles belzebuth , is listed as ‘Endangered’ according to the IUCN classification. In Peru it is found in the departments of Loreto, San Martín, Amazonas and Cajamarca, but detailed data on its geographic distribution, population densities and conservation status are scarce. In order to obtain such information, we conducted transect censuses on the Río Aushiri and Río San Antonio (right bank of Río Napo), and between the Río Curaray and the Río Arabela and Río Nashiño, respectively, and made additional explorations on the northern and southern banks of the Río Marañón. We obtained 48 sightings along 761 km of census transect. Group size and population densities were lower in an area with high hunting pressure compared to areas with medium or low hunting pressure. Besides hunting, increasing deforestation is a major threat to the survival of A. belzebuth in Peruvian Amazonia

Caza y estado de conservación de primates en la cuenca del río Itaya, Loreto, Perú

Este reporte contiene información relacionada a la diversidad e impacto de la caza de los primates, así como las amenazas potenciales para sus poblaciones que habitan en la cuenca del río Alto Itaya. Está basado en censos por transectos y registros de caza llevados a cabo en seis comunidades. Como resultado de los censos, fueron registrados 384 grupos pertenecientes a 9 de las 11 especies que habitan en el área de estudio, correspondiendo los mayores registros al pichico pardo (Saguinus fuscicollis Spix ) con 25,3%, huapo negro (Pithecia aequatorialis Hershkovitz) con 20,6% y mono choro (Lagothrix poeppigii Humboldt) con 15,9%. La densidad poblacional fue estimada para nueve especies, siendo Saimiri sciureus Linnaeus la más abundante con 18,2 individuos/km2, seguido por L. poeppigii con 15,5 individuos/km2 y S. fuscicollis con 10,5 individuos/ km2; lo contrario ocurrió en Alouatta seniculus Linnaeus, cuya densidad fue estimada en 0,15 individuos/ km2. Del área de caza estimada en 600 km2 fueron extraídos un promedio anual de 262 ejemplares y cuya biomasa fue calculada en 1677,9. kg. Del total, 119 individuos equivalente al 45% correspondió a L. poeppigii, cuya presión de caza fue calculada en 0,19 individuos/km2. La aplicación del modelo de cosecha sugiere sobrecaza en poblaciones de A. seniculus, L. poeppigii y C. apella. La caza y la deforestación con fines agrícolas son las amenazas potenciales para las poblaciones de primates