“ATTEND TO THYSELF:” ATTENTIVENESS AND DIGITAL CULTURE

The rise of digital culture has created both tremendous human possibilities as well as tremendous challenges and problems. Powerful corporate and commercial interests compete for our attention, which has become a valuable commodity in the online world. Living in a culture of organized distractions, human awareness is fragmented, causing us to lose touch with ourselves, our neighbors, the world around us, and God. This paper explores the traditional ascetic practice of attention and watchfulness which it recommends as a counterweight to modern cultural, psychological, and spiritual fragmentation. The principal sources under consideration are drawn from the Philokalia, a collection of writings devoted to the practice of attending to oneself

Protection of human rights in European community jurisprudence: An appraisal

[Δε διατίθεται περίληψη / no abstract available][Δε διατίθεται περίληψη / no abstract available

Factor substitution and complementarity in Greek manufacturing, 1961-70

...It is the purpose of this thesis to proffer two alternative hypotheses about the behavior of the ratio of salaried employees to wage—earners and to use these to explain the changing relationships of salaried to non-salaried workers in Greek manufacturing. The first proposition states that changes in the ratio are due to changes in relative factor prices. More precisely, if the wage rate rises faster than the salary rate, substitution of salaried labor for non-salaried will lead to differential shifts in labor demands, and, therefore, the ratio will rise. The second hypothesis states that, because of capital influx to Greece and emigration in the 1960\u27s, it was easier to expand output by hiring more capital services than by hiring more labor services; hence, substitution of capital for labor took place. However, it is probable that skilled labor (salaried or non-manual labor as well as skilled manual labor) and capital are highly correlated and, therefore, are complementary. This suggests that capital requires more of both salaried and skilled manual labor and less of unskilled manual labor. Thus, if the growth of the employment of salaried personnel exceeds that of wage earners, the ratio of salaried staff to non-salaried workers will rise. This means that the observed difference between the growth rate of employment of wage earners and that of salaried workers may be explained by the substitution of capital and the associated increase in the demand for salaried labor

Enlargement and the Historical Origins of the European Community's Democratic Identity, 1961–1978

This article examines how and when democracy entered the discursive politics of the European Community to become one of the fundamental tenets of European political identity – and in the process influenced how decision-makers approached the question of enlargement. Building on multiple archival sources, the article traces how all three Community institutions (Commission, Council and European Parliament) legitimised the expansion and continuation of the process of European integration through the discursive construction of democracy. It focuses on the debates elicited by the attempts of southern European countries to accede to the EEC in the 1960s and 1970s

European security in the 1990s and beyond : the implications of the accession of Cyprus and Malta to the European Union

For the last decade, the dramatic events in eastern and central Europe have (rightly) dominated the security debate in Europe and, indeed, the wider world. One of the consequences of this has been that the traditional neglect of the Mediterranean region has been compounded. However, there are now signs-notably the recent Barcelona conference at which the European Union's Mediterranean policy was relaunched and extended (to incorporate the grand design of a Mediterranean free trade area) - that the Mediterranean is, at last, receiving some of the attention it deserves and justifies.peer-reviewe

A Framework for Articulating and Measuring Individual Learning Outcomes from Participation in Citizen Science

Since first being introduced in the mid 1990s, the term “citizen science”—the intentional engagement of the public in scientific research—has seen phenomenal growth as measured by the number of projects developed, people involved, and articles published. In addition to contributing to scientific knowledge, many citizen science projects attempt to achieve learning outcomes among their participants, however, little guidance is available for practitioners regarding the types of learning that can be supported through citizen science or the measuring of learning outcomes. This study provides empirical data to understand how intended learning outcomes first described by the informal science education field have been employed and measured within the citizen science field. We also present a framework for describing learning outcomes that should help citizen science practitioners, researchers, and evaluators in designing projects and in studying and evaluating their impacts. This is a first step in building evaluation capacity across the field of citizen science

Food system resilience measurement: principles, framework and caveats

There is growing recognition that a better understanding of how food systems respond to crises is critical to build and protect the food security of local populations. But rigorous and reliable methods to measure food system resilience are still missing. In this paper, we build on the current literature to develop an analytical framework aimed at assessing the resilience of food systems at local level. The novel element of the analysis lies in the levels at which resilience is considered. Combining the individual actor level with the notion of 'emergent properties' of food systems, we argue that the overall resilience of food system results from processes that take place – and need to be measured – at both individual and system levels. The framework is structured around three components: (i) the mapping of the actors and the local food system; (ii) the assessment of the resilience of these actors and that of the food system, and (iii) the outcomes of this resilience, assessed in term of local population’s food security. For each of those components, indicators are proposed and the ways to collect them are discussed. The paper then presents the types of analyses that would be necessary to complete to gain a better understanding of the situation regarding the resilience of the local food system under consideration, including the analysis of “positive deviance” among food system actors. The paper concludes with a series of reflections about the caveats and challenges that one may face when attempting to assess food system resilience