Le B2i : une prescription ambiguë

Cet article se propose d'analyser le B2i en tant qu'objet de prescription de l'usage des TIC à l'école primaire. Il en souligne l'ambiguïté liée au statut d'outil au service des apprentissages disciplinaires assigné à l'informatique et aux TIC dont on veut évaluer les compétences d'usage. Par l'impasse totale faite sur la question des savoirs en jeu dans l'usage des TIC et sur la nécessaire genèse instrumentale à opérer sur ces outils, cette prescription laisse ouverte la question des modes d'acquisition de ces compétences

PAIRFORM@NCE : UN DISPOSITIF HYBRIDE POUR LA FORMATION CONTINUE DES ENSEIGNANTS

We present the first results of a development-research concerning the design and the experimentation of a national blended learning device devoted to the in-service teacher training. The device is based on professional didactic and collaborative training ; it intends to manage a change in educational practices. We analyze the changes induced or expected, according to the various levels and the difficulties encountered.Nous présentons les premiers résultats d'une recherche-développement sur la conception et l'expérimentation d'un dispositif national hybride de formation continue des enseignants. Élaboré à partir d'une conception pédagogique marquée par la didactique professionnelle et l'apprentissage collaboratif, le dispositif s'inscrit dans une perspective de conduite du changement. Nous analysons les changements induits ou attendus, selon les différents niveaux, et les difficultés rencontrées dans la mise en place de ce dispositif

Innovation, new market and governance choices of entry : the internet brokerage market case

This paper investigates the case of market entry strategies following the introduction of a disruptive innovation. Recognizing that market entry strategies have been envisioned in the literature as a discrete phenomenon, we develop an empirical framework that portrays these strategies as a capability building process. These organizational modes are integrated into our model : acquisition, alliance, and market transaction. We compare the first two with the third one and we test our model in the setting of the online brokerage industry by using a sample of 897 moves made by 98 firms over a seven-year period (1994 to 2000). We built this dataset by collecting secondary data.By suggesting that the entry into a new industry is not a discrete phenomenon, our research should lead the path to additional research on this topic.innovation; market entry; capabilities; firm's boundaries

INTRODUCTION: Media accountability

The sole aim of media is to make as much money as they can. Or again, the media are to serve only the people in power, political or economic. If you agree to that, you might as well stop reading this. This issue of Pacific Journalism Review is predicated on the principle that media should serve the public. Journalists can only achieve that if they enjoy independence from financial and political pressures. It is not often enough underlined that they cannot enjoy that independence without the support of the public, the masses of voters and consumers. There is no way the profession can obtain public support unless it listens to readers/listeners/viewers— unless it is accountable to them

New insight in lymnaeid snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda) as intermediate hosts of Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda, Digenea) in Belgium and Luxembourg

<b>Background</b><p></p> The present study aims to assess the epidemiological role of different lymnaeid snails as intermediate hosts of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica in Belgium and Luxembourg.<p></p> <b>Methods</b><p></p> During summer 2008, 7103 lymnaeid snails were collected from 125 ponds distributed in 5 clusters each including 25 ponds. Each cluster was located in a different biogeographic area of Belgium and Luxembourg. In addition, snails were also collected in sixteen other biotopes considered as temporary wet areas. These snails were identified as Galba truncatula (n = 2474) (the main intermediate host of F. hepatica in Europe) and Radix sp. (n = 4629). Moreover, several biological and non-biological variables were also recorded from the different biotopes. DNA was extracted from each snail collected using Chelex® technique. DNA samples were screened through a multiplex PCR that amplifies lymnaeid internal transcribed spacer 2 gene sequences (500–600 bp) (acting as an internal control) and a 124 bp fragment of repetitive DNA from Fasciola sp.<p></p> <b>Results</b><p></p> Lymnaeid snails were found in 75 biotopes (53.2%). Thirty individuals of G. truncatula (1.31%) and 7 of Radix sp. (0.16%) were found to be positive for Fasciola sp. The seven positive Radix sp. snails all belonged to the species R. balthica (Linnaeus, 1758). Classification and regression tree analysis were performed in order to better understand links and relative importance of the different recorded factors. One of the best explanatory variables for the presence/absence of the different snail species seems to be the geographic location, whereas for the infection status of the snails no obvious relationship was linked to the presence of cattle.<p></p> <b>Conclusions</b><p></p> Epidemiological implications of these findings and particularly the role of R. balthica as an alternative intermediate host in Belgium and Luxembourg were discussed

Can We Rank Legal Systems According to Their Economic Efficiency?

Part I describes the history and methodology of the research conducted by LLSV. Part II examines the transformation of the correlation explored by LLSV into a normative approach that is illustrated particularly well by the series of reports from the International Finance Corporation (IFC— World Bank Group) on Doing Business. Part III discusses the results exposed in these reports while considering the theoretical issues involved, which have to do with whether it makes sense to rank legal systems, and procedures considered for doing so. Part IV concludes with indications about what to expect from a sound comparative approach to legal systems combining law and economics

Hydrocarbon influence on denitrification in bioturbated Mediterranean coastal sediments

An in situ experiment has been carried out inbioturbated Mediterranean coastal marine sediments (Gulfof Fos) in order to study the influence of hydrocarbons ondenitrification after 1, 4 and 6 months. In theabsence of hydrocarbons in the control sediments, the presenceof macrofauna stimulated denitrificationby 160%. This stimulation is induced by sediment reworkingthat favours both direct NO-3 supply fromthe water column and the penetration of O{2}, which in turnstimulated nitrification, the other source ofNO-3 in sediment. The presence of hydrocarbons in theexperimental sediments either stimulated orinhibited the denitrification. The denitrification response tothe presence of hydrocarbon is dependent onthe quantity of matter buried by the macrofauna activity. Insmall quantities, the organic matter relatedto hydrocarbons 120% enhanced the denitrification compared tothe controls. On the other hand, whenburied hydrocarbon concentrations were higher (>100 mgsaturated hydrocarbon fraction kg-1 drysediment), the denitrification was inhibited.On the basis of the results obtained, a descriptive model ofthe patterns of denitrification in relation to the presence ofmacrofauna and the distribution of hydrocarbons in sediments is proposed

High magnetic field induced charge density waves and sign reversal of the Hall coefficient in graphite

We report on the investigation of magnetic field induced charge density wave and Hall coefficient sign reversal in a quasi-two dimensional electronic system of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite under very strong magnetic field. The change of Hall sign coefficient from negative to positive occurs at low temperature and high magnetic field just after the charge density wave transition, suggesting the role of hole-like quasi-particles in this effect. Angular dependent measurements show that the charge density wave transition and Hall sign reversal fields follow the magnetic field component along the c-axis of graphite