VARIASI MORFOLOGI DAN KARIOTIPE KELELAWAR Hipposideros diadema (Geoffroy, 1813) (CHIROPTERA : HIPPOSIDERIDAE) PADA BEBERAPA GOA DI SUMATERA BARAT

Penelitian mengenai variasi morfologi dan kariotipe kelelawar Hipposideros diadema (Geoffroy, 1813) (Chiroptera : Hipposideridae) pada beberapa goa di Sumatera Barat telah dilakukan dari bulan Maret hingga September 2013. Sebanyak 58 individu H. diadema dikoleksi dari tiga lokasi yaitu Padang, Pariaman dan Sawahlunto. Pengukuran karakter dilakukan terhadap 21 karakter tubuh dan 15 karakter tengkorak. Berdasarkan uji Kruskall-Wallis, didapatkan karakter H. diadema yang mengalami divergensi sebanyak 15 karakter (pada jantan) dan 21 karakter (pada betina). Hasil uji Mann-Whitney U menunjukkan bahwa populasi H. diadema yang berada di Padang memiliki hubungan kekerabatan yang dekat dengan populasi H. diadema yang berada di Pariaman dibandingkan dengan populasi H. diadema di Sawahlunto. Hasil analisis cluster mengindikasikan bahwa populasi-populasi H. diadema yang berada di Sumatera Barat memiliki hubungan kekerabatan yang dekat dengan subspesies H. diadema masoni yang berasal dari beberapa pulau lain di Indonesia dan beberapa negara di Asia Tenggara. Analisis pada tingkat kromosom menunjukkan bahwa H. diadema memiliki jumlah kromosom 2n=32 dengan seluruhnya bertipe metasentrik. Kata kunci : H. diadema, morfologi, divergensi, hubungan kekerabatan, karioti

VARIASI MORFOLOGI Tor douronensis (Valenciennes, 1842) DARI ENAM ANAK SUNGAI BATANG TORU, SUMATERA UTARA

Tor spp. are economically important fish and sold at high local prices. This fish are also use in traditional ceremonies and also potential for freshwater sport fishing, like salmon, because they have strong swimming power, T. douronensis is one of them. In order to answer the question according to their widely distribution, sampling and the morphological analysis was done on February to Mei 2015. Samples consist of 61 individuals which distributed in six of eleven tributaries of the Batang ToruRiver system, North Sumatra. Kruskall-Wallis Test on morphological measurement (in mm) from 28 characters showed that there are vary in 13 characters. Mann-Whitney U Test showed that 1- to 10 characters which differ significantly between samples from each of two different tributaries

Reconstructing cave past to manage and conserve cave present and future

Whilst restoration and recovery of ecosystems has become a major priority, developing a baseline of what biodiversity was like prior to disturbance, and what might have driven changes in wildlife populations often remains unknown in many systems. Challenging to access ecosystems, such as subterranean ecosystems which cannot be monitored by remote sensing and frequently have very little information provide a significant challenge to understanding how biodiversity patterns may have changed, and how they might be more effectively managed. Caves represent unique ecosystems, key sites for our own human history, but with their unique conditions and stability can provide insights into their own past use as well as an index of local climate and vegetation. In addition, caves host many of the worlds over 1400 bat species, meaning that the ability to reconstruct past population trajectories may facilitate their conservation, as well as that of the many other, often undescribed cave dependant species. Here we discuss the various types of data from biological, chemical, geological and social that can be used to reconstruct the past history of cave sites across various timescales. We discuss the considerations needed for each approach as well as providing examples to guide the application of such approaches to better understand cave systems and their varying uses over time, and highlight how such data may facilitate cave management

A second breeding record of Chestnut-naped Forktails Enicurus ruficapillus in Sumatra, and observations suggesting females alone incubate

Catatan ini mengenai publikasi perbiakan kedua Meninting Cegar Enicurus ruficapillus dan berasal dari individu betina yang teramati sedang aktif bersarang pada ketinggian 854 m dpl di jalur pendakian Gunung Talamau, Sumatera Barat. Sarang berada di pinggir sungai kecil.dan berisi dua telur berwarna putih dengan bercak coklat merah muda pada bagian pangkal dan tengah telur. Selama tiga hari pengamatan, hanya induk betina yang terlihat aktif pada sarang, tanpa terpantau adanya pejantan yang membantu kegiatan pengeraman atau menjaga teritori bersarangnya

Who is publishing in ecology and evolution? the underrepresentation of women and the Global South

Introduction: Most global biodiversity is in developing economies. Decades of capacity building should have built sufficient in-country capacity to develop biodiversity baselines; yet has effort provided the expertise to build these baselines?Methods: Grants and access to research opportunities are often linked to success in publishing, with the H-index providing the main metric of academic success. Recent compilations of “Top Researchers in Ecology and Evolution” included 5,419 researchers, but where these researchers are and how representative they are has not been well studied. We explored the global distribution of “Top Researchers in Ecology and Evolution” and explored the representation of Women, non-Caucasians, and non-Caucasian women, as well as the representation of “local” top researchers in different regions.Results: Over half Top Researchers in Ecology and Evolution are from just three countries (United States, United Kingdom, and Australia), and 83% come from 12 higher-income countries. Even in lower-income economies the majority of the few “high impact” researchers are originally from higher-income economies. Only China had a high proportion of their high-impact non-Caucasian researchers, with the majority of researchers coming from that region. Women were also underrepresented across the globe, only three countries had more than 20% of top-performing ecologists being female.Discussion: Ultimately, despite decades of capacity building, we are still failing to build in-country capacity for research or to provide sufficient support for female ecologists to publish and lead the field. Here we discuss why these issues persist, and how we might improve representation and access to opportunity and support for all groups, and provide the analysis needed to provide solutions to global challenges in biodiversity conservation, which require diverse representation to develop effective, and nuanced solutions

DarkCideS 1.0, a global database for bats in karsts and caves

Tanalgo, Krizler C., Tabora, John Aries G., de Oliveira, Hernani Fernandes Magalhães, Haelewaters, Danny, Beranek, Chad T., Otálora-Ardila, Aída, Bernard, Enrico, Gonçalves, Fernando, Eriksson, Alan, Donnelly, Melissa, González, Joel Monzón, Ramos, Humberto Fernández, Rivas, Alberto Clark, Webala, Paul W., Deleva, Stanimira, Dalhoumi, Ridha, Maula, Jaycelle, Lizarro, Dennis, Aguirre, Luis F., Bouillard, Nils, Quibod, Ma. Niña Regina M., Barros, Jennifer, Turcios-Casco, Manfredo Alejandro, Martínez, Marcio, Ordoñez-Mazier, Diego Iván, Orellana, José Alejandro Soler, Ordoñez-Trejo, Eduardo J., Ordoñez, Danny, Chornelia, Ada, Lu, Jian Mei, Xing, Chen, Baniya, Sanjeev, Muylaert, Renata L., Dias-Silva, Leonardo Henrique, Ruadreo, Nittaya, Hughes, Alice Catherine (2022): DarkCideS 1.0, a global database for bats in karsts and caves. Scientific Data 9 (1): 155, DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01234-4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01234-

Variasi Morfologi dan Kariotipe Kelelawar Hipposideros diadema (Geoffroy, 1813)(Chiroptera : Hipposideridae) Pada Beberapa Goa Di Sumatera Barat.

xiii, 122 Hal

Short Communication: Fish diversity of the Batang Toru River System, South Tapanuli, North Sumatra

Roesma DI, Chornelia A, Mursyd A, Kamsi M. 2016. Short Communication: Fish diversity of the Batang Toru River System, South Tapanuli, North Sumatra. Biodiversitas 17: 628-634. A rapid survey on fish diversity was carried in the Batang Toru river system. The survey was carried out in the wet season between 8-14 February 2015 and 15-21 of March 2015 along various tributaries on the east (10) and west (1) side of the main Batang Toru river system. We obtained 427 individuals fish samples consisting of 24 species, from 10 families. These consist of Cyprinidae (11 species), Balitoridae (2), Channidae (2), Gobiidae (2), Nemacheilidae (2), Aplocheilidae (1), Bagridae (1), Cichlidae (1), Mastacembelidae (1), and Sisoridae (1). Four Sumatra fish species were encountered during the surveys, namely Neolissochilus sumatranus, Nemacheilus pfeifferae, Homaloptera gymnogaster and H. heterolepis. N. sumatranus and Puntius binotatus were the most frequently found in all of sampling sites

Hemiphyllodactylus zhutangxiangensis Agung & Grismer & Grismer & Quah & Chornelia & Lu & Hughes 2021, sp. nov.

Hemiphyllodactylus zhutangxiangensis sp. nov. Zhutangxiang slender gecko Holotype. Adult male (KIZ061157) collected on 21 August 2018 by Ade P. Agung, Ada Chornelia, Jianmei Lu, L. Lee Grismer, Jesse L. Grismer, Evan S.H. Quah, Brian Folt, and Myin Kyaw Thura from forested karst approximately 1 km northwest of Zhutangxiang town, Lancang Lahu Autonomous County, Yunnan Province, China (22.72345°N, 99.80087°E; 1499 m in elevation). Paratypes. Four adult females (KIZ061156, KIZ061158–60) bear the same data as the holotype, two adult males (KIZ061164, KIZ061166) and six adult females (KIZ061161–63, KIZ061165, KIZ061167–68) were collected on 26 June 2019 by Ade P. Agung, Jianmei Lu and Yang Zongbao from karst forest nearby Zhutangxiang town, Lancang Lahu Autonomous County, Yunnan Province, China (22.732306°N 99.798167°E; 1492 m in elevation). Diagnosis. Hemiphyllodactylus zhutangxiangensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from all congeners by having the unique combination of a maximum SVL of 44.42 mm; 7–9 chin scales; enlarged postmentals; five circumnasal scales; 2–4 internasal scales; 8–11 supralabial scales; 8–11 infralabial scales; subdigital lamellae on fingers II–V (3–5)-(4–6)-(4 or 5)-(4 or 5); subdigital lamellae on toes II–V (4 or 5)-(4 or 5)-(4–6)-(4 or 5); dorsal scales 11–15; ventral scales 5–7; having pale-grey base color on body with various transverse blotched patterns on the dorsal side; a dark postorbital stripe extending to at least base of neck; no dorsolateral or ventrolateral stripe on trunk; postsacral marking bearing dark fork-like pattern with anteriorly projecting arms. Description of holotype. Adult male, SVL 41.35 mm; head triangular in dorsal profile, depressed, distinct from neck (HL 7.20 mm; HW 7.57 mm); lores flat; snout long (SnEye 3.95 mm; SnEye/HL 55%), narrow (SnW 1.40 mm; SnW/HW 16%); eye large (ED 2.12 mm; ED/HL 30%); rostral scale wider than high, bordered posteriorly by two large supranasals and four internasals (IS); nares bordered anteriorly by rostral scale, ventrally by first supralabial scale, dorsally by supranasal scale, posteriorly by two postnasals; supralabials square, 9/9 (left/right), tapering from rostral to a point in line with posterior margin of orbit (SL); infralabials square, 9/9 (left/right), tapering from mental to a point in line with posterior margin of orbit (IL); scales on head small, rounded, largest on rostrum; mental triangular, bordered by first infralabials and posteriorly by two enlarged postmentals; each postmental bordered anterolaterally by first infralabial; eight chin scales touching internal edges of infralabials from juncture of the 2nd and the 3rd on left and right and mental scale (Chin); scales in gular region rounded, non-overlapping, becoming larger and more ovoid on venter. Robust body type and small, (TrunkL/SVL 48%), dorsoventrally compressed; dorsal body scales small, granular, 11 dorsal scales at midbody contained within one eye diameter; ventral body scales smooth and flat, much larger than dorsal scales, subimbricate, five ventral scales at midbody contained within one eye diameter; fore-limbs relatively short, covered dorsally with granular, subimbricate scales, smaller smooth scales ventrally; palmar scales flat, unevenly shaped, non-overlapping; finger I vestigial, clawless, fingers II–V welldeveloped; proximal subdigital lamellae undivided, rectangular; distal subdigital lamellae divided and undivided, angular, U-shaped, except terminal lamellae rounded, undivided; lamellar formula on fingers II–V (4)-(4)-(4)-(4) on left hand and (3)-(4)-(4)-(4) on right hand; claws on fingers II–V well-developed, unsheathed, strongly curved; hind limbs short, covered dorsally with granular, subimbricate scales, smaller smooth scales ventrally; plantar scales flat, unevenly shaped, non-overlapping; toe I vestigial, clawless, toes II–V well-developed; proximal subdigital lamellae undivided, rectangular; distal subdigital lamellae divided and undivided, angular, U-shaped, except terminal lamellae rounded, undivided; lamellar formula on toes II–V (4)-(4)-(4)-(4) on both feet; claws on toes II–V welldeveloped, unsheathed, strongly curved; cloacal spurs (CloacS) one on each side; tail long, original (TL 37.40 mm; TL/SVL 90%), round in cross-section, dorsal scales on tail larger than on body and head, smaller than subcaudals, no plate-like subcaudal scales. Coloration in life (Figure 5). All Hemiphyllodactylus are known to have the ability to considerably change the intensity and boldness of their coloration and pattern. The description below was taken when the holotype was photographed in the morning after it had been captured. The base color of the dorsal side of the head, body, and limbs are pale-grey and densely mottled with darker markings; top of head overlain with dark blotches; dark pre-and postorbital stripes extend from the external nares, through eye to just anterior of forelimb insertion on the body; postsacral marking bearing dark fork-like pattern with anteriorly projecting arms; limbs bearing irregularly shaped, diffuse, dark markings; tail bearing irregularly shaped, dark and light colored alternating markings; abdomen unicolor grey. Variation. Coloration of this species varies considerably (Figure 5). Variation of mensural and meristic data are presented in Table 6. Distribution. Hemiphyllodactylus zhutangxiangensis sp. nov. is at present only known from the type localities nearby Zhutangxiang town, Lancang Lahu Autonomous County, Yunnan Province, China (Figure 7). ......continued on the next page ......continued on the next page Natural history. The holotype was collected together with the four paratypes (KIZ061156, KIZ061158–60) in the evening on 21 August 2018 on the cement wall of an abandoned building which was surrounded by cement mining activities in a forested karst area approximately 1 km northwest of Zhutangxiang town (Figure 6). The other eight paratypes (KIZ061161–68) were collected together in the evening on 26 June 2019 approximately 1 km further north from the holotype’s locality, in another cement mine within an area of forested karst. The specimens were also collected when they were crawling on the cement wall of an abandoned building. Etymology. The specific epithet, zhutangxiangensis, refers to the name of the town Zhutangxiang in Lancang Lahu Autonomous County, Yunnan Province, China, close to where the specimens were found. Morphological comparisons. We statistically compared the new species with Hemiphyllodactylus changningensis in its sister lineage, in clade 3 (see results, Table 5, and Figure 4). In addition, in terms of body ratios, H. zhutangxiangensis sp. nov. differs from H. changningensis, H. zalonicus, and H. longlingensis by having a shorter head (HL/SVL = 0.17–0.20 versus 0.22–0.25, 0.22–0.23, 0.22–0.24, respectively); wider head (HW/HL = 1.03–1.13 versus 0.72–0.80, 0.68, 0.75–0.80, respectively); greater SnEye distance (SnEye/HL = 0.53–0.60 versus 0.41–0.49, 0.40–0.42, 0.42–0.45, respectively); greater NarEye distance (NarEye/HL = 0.39–0.44 versus 0.30–0.37, 0.28–0.31, 0.29–0.34, respectively); larger eyes (ED/HL = 0.30–0.36 versus 0.21–0.25, 0.23–0.30, 0.22–0.25, respectively); a wider snout (SnW/HL = 0.19–0.22 versus 0.12–0.16, 0.14, 0.12–0.14, respectively). In terms of scalation, the new species differs from H. changningensis by having more CN (five versus three or four); differs from H. zalonicus by having fewer VS and DS (5–7 versus 9–10, and 11–15 versus 17–18, respectively). For the lamellar, femoroprecloacal pores, and coloration, the new species differs from H. changningensis and H. zalonicus by having more lamellae on the hand (3–5)-(4–6)-(4 or 5)-(4 or 5) versus (3)-(3 or 4)-(3 or 4)-(3), and (3)-(3)-(3)-(3), respectively); more lamellae on the foot (4 or 5)-(4 or 5)-(4–6)-(4 or 5) versus (3)-(3 or 4)-(3 or 4)-(3 or 4), and (3)-(4)-(4)-(4), respectively). Furthermore, H. zhutangxiangensis sp. nov. also differs from H. changningensis by having dark transverse blotches on the dorsum, while such blotching is absent in the later; the absence of a dark reticulate dorsal pattern, present on the later; and having a fork-like dark-colored postsacral marking, that is absent in the later. It also differs from H. zalonicus by having more femoroprecloacal pores (20–23 versus 16–20); having dark transverse dorsal blotches, while these are absent in the later; having a fork-like dark-colored postsacral marking, that is absent or indistinct in the later (see Table 7 for comparative values).Published as part of Agung, Ade Prasetyo, Grismer, L. Lee, Grismer, Jesse L., Quah, Evan S. H., Chornelia, Ada, Lu, Jianmei & Hughes, Alice C., 2021, A new species of Hemiphyllodactylus Bleeker (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Yunnan, China and its phylogenetic relationship to other congeners, pp. 1-27 in Zootaxa 4980 (1) on pages 11-24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4980.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/488280