Ad praesumptionem or ad plenam fidem? The Probative Value of the Accomplice’s Testimony in Medieval Canon Law

In Romano-canonical procedure, confessed criminals could not be examined on their accomplices, except for enormous crimes. In these cases, however, twelfth- and thirteenth-century canonists disagreed about the probative value of these statements. According to some jurists they could be deemed as a full proof, while others held that they only counted as a presumption. Nevertheless, from the thirteenth century the doctrine reached a consensus that the statements of the defendants had to be further corroborated in order to have effect. These principles were also confirmed in the inquisitorial procedure against heresy. This essay, providing a survey of the manuscripts, reconstructs the stages of the debate on this topic, distinguishing among the contribution of the Anglo-Norman, Parisian and Bolognese schools.Nel processo romano-canonico i rei confessi non potevano essere interro-gati intorno ai complici, tranne che nei crimini excepti. In questi casi, tut-tavia, i canonisti del XII e XIII secolo non furono concordi sul valore proba-torio da attribuire alle loro dichiarazioni. Per alcuni giuristi esse potevano costituire piena prova, per altri invece solo una presunzione. In ogni caso, dal XIII secolo la dottrina raggiunse un punto d’incontro nel ritenere che le dichiarazioni degli imputati per avere effetto dovessero essere corroborate da ulteriori riscontri. Questi princìpi trovarono conferma anche nella pro-cedura inquisitoria contro gli eretici. Il presente saggio, attraverso un’indagine sui manoscritti, ricostruisce le tappe del dibattito, distinguendo l’apporto delle scuole anglo-normanna, parigina e bolognese

The feasibility of underwater computerised strain gauge plethysmography and the effects of hydrostatic pressure on the leg venous haemodynamics

Background: Strain gauge plethysmography (SGP) is employed to evaluate venous drainage of the lower leg. Methods: In this study, SGP was used to evaluate the effects of the hydrostatic pressure (HP) of water on venous volume (VV), expelled volume, and ejection fraction (EF) in 22 healthy legs before and during immersion in water. Results: HP reduced VV by 100% and even more during underwater (UW) exercise, making calculation of the UW EF possible. Discussion: UW SGP is feasible and indicates that HP improves venous haemodynamics. This study suggests that including UW leg exercise in the rehabilitation protocols of patients with chronic venous disease may be useful. Keywords: Strain gauge plethysmography, Underwater compression, Underwater ejection fraction, Underwater venous volume. 2020 The Aut

La responsabilidad contractual en su formulación histórica y en su configuración actual

Premessa / Pierangelo Schiera (pp. 9-11). -- La imposibilidad sobrevenida de la prestación en la legislación histórica castellana y en el derecho de la codificación / Manuel Ángel Bermejo Castrillo (pp. 13-214). -- La responsabilità contrattuale nel primo Novecento giuridico italiano / Giovanni Chiodi (215-261). -- Reflexiones sobre el pactum de non cedendo / José María Miquel González de Audicana (pp. 263-287). -- Pre-contractual good faith in European Contract Law: Is the European Commission ready to embrace a European doctrine of culpa in contrahendo? / Paula Giliker (pp. 289-315). -- La responsabilidad contractual en la Normativa Común de Compraventa Europea / Reiner Schulze (pp. 317-337)

Transmembrane protein TMEM230, regulator of metalloproteins and motor proteins in gliomas and gliosis

Glial cells provide physical and chemical support and protection for neurons and for the extracellular compartments of neural tissue through secretion of soluble factors, insoluble scaffolds, and vesicles. Additionally, glial cells have regenerative capacity by remodeling their physical microenvironment and changing physiological properties of diverse cell types in their proximity. Various types of aberrant glial and macrophage cells are associated with human diseases, disorders, and malignancy. We previously demonstrated that transmembrane protein, TMEM230 has tissue revascularization and regenerating capacity by its ability to secrete pro-angiogenic factors and metalloproteinases, inducing endothelial cell sprouting and channel formation. In healthy normal neural tissue, TMEM230 is predominantly expressed in glial and marcophate cells, suggesting a prominent role in neural tissue homeostasis. TMEM230 regulation of the endomembrane system was supported by co-expression with RNASET2 (lysosome, mitochondria, and vesicles) and STEAP family members (Golgi complex). Intracellular trafficking and extracellular secretion of glial cellular components are associated with endocytosis, exocytosis and phagocytosis mediated by motor proteins. Trafficked components include metalloproteins, metalloproteinases, glycans, and glycoconjugate processing and digesting enzymes that function in phagosomes and vesicles to regulate normal neural tissue microenvironment, homeostasis, stress response, and repair following neural tissue injury or degeneration. Aberrantly high sustained levels TMEM230 promotes metalloprotein expression, trafficking and secretion which contribute to tumor associated infiltration and hypervascularization of high tumor grade gliomas. Following injury of the central nervous or peripheral systems, transcient regulated upregulation of TMEM230 promotes tissue wound healing, remodeling and revascularization by activating glial and macrophage generated microchannels/microtubules (referred to as vascular mimicry) and blood vessel sprouting and branching. Our results support that TMEM230 may act as a master regulator of motor protein mediated trafficking and compartmentalization of a large class of metalloproteins in gliomas and gliosis

L'interpretazione del testamento nel pensiero dei glossatori

Dottorato di ricerca in storia del diritto italiano con particolare riferimento al diritto medievale e al diritto comune. 4. ciclo. A.a. 1988-91.Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Biblioteca Centrale - P.le Aldo Moro, 7, Rome; Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale - P.za Cavalleggeri, 1, Florence / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle RichercheSIGLEITItal

Oltre la sovranità nazionale: Filippo Vassalli in missione a Londra (1945)

In November-December 1945, the civil lawyer Filippo Vassalli undertook a mission to London, at the head of a delegation of jurists invited by the British Council to observe the functioning of the English institutions, through a “legal sightseeing” made up of talks and meetings with illustrious exponents of British politics and legal culture. Some documents from the Vassalli archive now allow us to delve into the implications of this journey, of which the jurist wrote an account in some of his essays. The research, in particular, aims to demonstrate that during the mission Vassalli developed the idea of overcoming the myth of national sovereignty in the international area. Later, he extended this vision to the field of civil law. Vassalli supported the orientation favorable to the creation of an organization superior to individual States, which would ensure peace in the world and offer supranational protection of human rights. The mission also had consequences for the system of justice, the police and Italian economic life, on the eve of the Constituent Assembly, in which Vassalli did not take part. As head of the mission, he delivered to Alcide de Gasperi, Italian Minister of Foreign Affaris, a message from Foreign Secretary Ernest Bevin, an eminent figure in British politics, who had already influenced Vassalli in the field of the future structure of international relations in peacetime. The mission to London, consequently, represents a central event for understanding Vassalli’s thought in the first republican decade.Nel novembre-dicembre 1945, il civilista Filippo Vassalli intraprese una missione a Londra, a capo di una delegazione di giuristi invitati dal British Council ad osservare il funzionamento delle istituzioni inglesi, attraverso un “legal sightseeing” fatto di “talks” e “meetings” con illustri esponenti della politica e della cultura giuridica britannica. Alcuni documenti dell’archivio Vassalli consentono ora di approfondire i risvolti di questo viaggio, di cui il giurista stilò un resoconto in alcuni suoi scritti. La ricerca, in particolare, intende dimostrare che Vassalli, durante la missione, maturò l’idea del superamento del mito della sovranità nazionale in ambito internazionale, visione successivamente estesa nel campo del diritto civile. Vassalli supportò l’orientamento favorevole alla creazione di un’organizzazione superiore ai singoli Stati, che assicurasse la pace nel mondo e offrisse una tutela sovranazionale dei diritti dell’uomo. La missione ebbe anche conseguenze sull’ordinamento della giustizia, della polizia e della vita economica italiana, alla vigilia della Costituente, di cui pure Vassalli non fu chiamato a prendere parte. Come capo della missione, infatti, egli portò in Italia a De Gasperi, titolare del dicastero degli Esteri, un messaggio del Ministro degli Esteri Bevin, personalità eminente della politica anglosassone, che aveva già influenzato Vassalli sul terreno del futuro assetto delle relazioni internazionali in tempo di pace. La missione a Londra, di conseguenza, rappresenta una vicenda centrale per comprendere il pensiero di Vassalli nel decennio repubblicano

Disinheritance of Children for Lack of Parental Consent to the Marriage in the Ius Commune and Early Modern Scholastic Traditions

status: publishe