Relações filogenéticas em diplotaxini e revisão taxonômica das espécies brasileiras de Liogenys Guérin-Méneville, 1831 (Coleoptera : Melolonthidae)

Orientadora : Profª. Drª. Lúcia Massutti de AlmeidaCo-orientador : Prof. Dr. Miguel Ángel MorónCo-orientador : Prof. Dr. Fernando Zagury Vaz-de-MelloTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Entomologia). Defesa: Curitiba, 24/02/2015Inclui referênciasÁrea de concentração : EntomologiaResumo: Diplotaxini Kirby é uma das 29 tribos de Melolonthinae, composta por 709 espécies descritas em 21 gêneros distribuídas nas regiões Neotropical, Neártica, Afrotropical e Oriental. Até o momento não foram realizados estudos de filogenia da tribo. Liogenys Guérin-Méneville é o maior gênero dos Diplotaxini neotropicais, composto por 78 espécies distribuídas do Panamá até o sul da América do Sul. Este trabalho teve por objetivos avaliar a monofilia de Diplotaxini e propor uma hipótese de relacionamento filogenético para os gêneros que a compõem, com foco em Liogenys; revisar taxonomicamente este gênero e redescrever as espécies brasileiras. Para a reconstrução filogenética da tribo e conhecimento da posição sistemática dos gêneros, em especial de Liogenys, foram utilizados 167 caracteres morfológicos e 83 taxa terminais (12 do grupo externo e 71 do grupo interno). Em ambas as análises de pesagem igual e implícita dos caracteres, Diplotaxini se mostrou polifilético. A monofilia da tribo pode ser recuperada retirando-se: Empecta Erichson, Clypeasta Fairmaire (próximos de Melolontha melolontha (Linnaeus)) e Pseudoliogenys Moser (agrupado em Tanyproctini Erichson). As análises suportam a polifilia de Liogenys, que pode ser recuperada mediante a retirada de L. ferrugata Mannerheim (próxima de Melolonthini Samouelle) e L. micropyga Burmeister (Diplotaxis) e a inclusão de Homoliogenys tarsalis (Moser) e Hilarianus anguliceps Blanchard (Syn. Nov. de Liogenys punctaticollis Blanchard). As quatro espécies de Hilarianus restantes agruparam-se em Sericoidini. São apresentadas chaves de identificação de adultos para alguns gêneros de Diplotaxini, incluindo todos os gêneros neotropicais e alguns não neotropicais (Diplotaxis Kirby e Apogonia Kirby) e para as espécies brasileiras de Liogenys. Liogenys foi revisado taxonomicamente, redefinido e redescrito. Homoliogenys Gutiérrez e Hilarianus Blanchard são propostos como novos sinônimos de Liogenys. Foram designados 19 lectótipos e propostas seis novas sinonímias, uma revalidação e uma recombinação. Todas as espécies brasileiras (23) foram redescritas e ilustradas: L. tarsalis Moser Comb. Nov., L sinuaticeps Moser, L. unicolor Evans, L. diodon Burmeister, L. bilobata Frey, L santaecrucis Blanchard, L. bidenticeps Moser, L. acutidens Moser, L. tibialis Moser Stat. Rest., L. punctaticollis (Blanchard), L. testaceipennis Moser, L. spiniventris Moser, L. elegans Nonfried, L. suturalis (Blanchard), L. moseri Frey, L. pilosipennis Moser, L. hirtipennis Frey, L. laminiceps Moser, L. corumbana Moser, L. fusca Blanchard, L. pallidicornis Blanchard, L. bidentata Burmeister e L. concolor Blanchard. Dezenove espécies de Liogenys brasileiras tiveram seus registros de ocorrência expandidos. Palavras-chave: Cladística, descrição, morfologia, Neotropical, Scarabaeoidea, sistemática.Diplotaxini Kirby, 1837 is one of the 29 Melolonthinae tribes, with 708 described species belonging to 21 genera distributed on Neotropical, Neartic, Afrotropical and Oriental regions. Until now no phylogeny studies of the tribe were made. Liogenys Guérin-Méneville, 1831 is the largest genus of Neotropical Diplotaxini, composed by 78 species distributed from Panama to southern South America. This study aimed to evaluate the monophyly of Diplotaxini and to generate phylogenetic relationship hypothesis among the genera, focusing on Liogenys; to review this genus and to redescribe Brazilian species. To reconstruct the tribe phylogeny and to test the systematic position of Diplotaxini genera, in special of Liogenys, 167 morphological characters and 83 terminal taxa (12 outgroups and 71 ingroups) were used. Diplotaxini is poliphyletic in both equal and implicit weighting character analysis. The monophyly of the tribe can be recovered removing: Empecta Erichson, Clypeasta Fairmaire (close to Melolontha melolontha (Linnaeus)) and Pseudoliogenys Moser (close to Tanyproctini Erichson). The results support the poliphyly of Liogenys, monophyly is recovered removing L. ferrugata Mannerheim (close to Melolonthini) and L. micropyga Burmeister (Diplotaxis) and including Homoliogenys tarsalis Moser and Hilarianus anguliceps Blanchard (Syn Nov. of Liogenys punctaticollis Blanchard). The remaining four Hilarianus were related to Sericoidini. Adult identification keys to some Diplotaxini are presented, including all Neotropical genera and some non-Neotropical (Diplotaxis Kirby and Apogonia Kirby) and to the Brazilian Liogenys. Liogenys was reviewed, redefined and redescribed. Homoliogenys Gutiérrez and Hilarianus Blanchard were proposed as new synonyms. Nineteen lectotypes were designate; six new synonyms, one revalidation and one recombination were proposed. All Brazilian species (23) were redescribed and illustrated: L. tarsalis Moser Comb. Nov., L sinuaticeps Moser, L. unicolor Evans, L. diodon Burmeister, L. bilobata Frey, L santaecrucis Blanchard, L. bidenticeps Moser, L. acutidens Moser, L. tibialis Moser Stat. Rest., L. punctaticollis (Blanchard), L. testaceipennis Moser, L. spiniventris Moser, L. elegans Nonfried, L. suturalis (Blanchard), L. moseri Frey, L. pilosipennis Moser, L. hirtipennis Frey, L. laminiceps Moser, L. corumbana Moser, L. fusca Blanchard, L. pallidicornis Blanchard, L. bidentata Burmeister and L. concolor. Nineteen species of Liogenys for Brazil had their distribution records expanded. Key-words: Cladistics, description, morphology, Neotropical, Scarabaeoidea, systematics

Biological and morphological aspects of Plectris aliena (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) in sugarcane in Brazil

Plectris aliena (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae) Chapin is a species already recorded causing serious damage to various cultures in North America and Australia. Although its occurrence has recently been reported in Brazil, information about its distribution, taxonomy, and biology is limited. Thus, this study aims to report this new occurrence of P. aliena in Deodápolis (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil), as well as to present bioecological and morphological aspects of this species. In this way, the seasonal distribution and the life cycle was studied in the years 2017 and 2018. The larvae were sampled through trenches made in the soil and reared in the laboratory. Adults were captured using “Luiz de Queiroz” light traps. Adults have body with dense white hairs, antennae with 10 antenomeres; they measure approximately 12 mm in length, and their antennal lamellae are larger for males than females. The larvae reach 30 mm in length in the third stage and pupae show about 19 mm in length. The life cycle of this species is univoltine. Due to the great diversity of Plectris and the scarce information available about this species in South America, this study will facilitate its identification in the field and indicate the best time for monitoring in sugarcane crop

Biological and morphological aspects of Plectris aliena (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) in sugarcane in Brazil

Plectris aliena (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae) Chapin is a species already recorded causing serious damage to various cultures in North America and Australia. Although its occurrence has recently been reported in Brazil, information about its distribution, taxonomy, and biology is limited. Thus, this study aims to report this new occurrence of P. aliena in Deodápolis (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil), as well as to present bioecological and morphological aspects of this species. In this way, the seasonal distribution and the life cycle was studied in the years 2017 and 2018. The larvae were sampled through trenches made in the soil and reared in the laboratory. Adults were captured using “Luiz de Queiroz” light traps. Adults have body with dense white hairs, antennae with 10 antenomeres; they measure approximately 12 mm in length, and their antennal lamellae are larger for males than females. The larvae reach 30 mm in length in the third stage and pupae show about 19 mm in length. The life cycle of this species is univoltine. Due to the great diversity of Plectris and the scarce information available about this species in South America, this study will facilitate its identification in the field and indicate the best time for monitoring in sugarcane crop

A look beyond the colour: taxonomic revision of Coilodes Westwood, 1846 (Coleoptera, Hybosoridae), with the description of six new species

Coilodes Westwood, 1846 is a Neotropical genus of Hybosorinae. Despite being a morphologically homogeneous genus, it presents a great deal of intraspecific variation, especially with reference to the colour of integuments. This makes identification of species even more difficult, since the majority of original descriptions present the colour as the main diagnostic character. To solve this problem, the first taxonomic revision of Coilodes is presented. The genus now comprises 13 species. Redescriptions of C. castaneus Westwood, 1846, C. fumipennis Arrow, 1909, C. humeralis (Mannerheim, 1829), C. niger (Mannerheim, 1829), C. ovalis Robinson, 1948, C. parvulus Westwood, 1846, and C. punctipennis Arrow, 1909 are presented. Coilodes niger (Mannerheim, 1829) has its status revalidated and three new synonyms are proposed: C. gibbus (Perty, 1830) and C. chilensis Westwood, 1846 with C. humeralis, and C. nigripennis Arrow, 1903 with C. castaneus. Biological and geographical distribution data are expanded. Lectotypes are designated for C. humeralis and C. niger. Six new species are described: C. bezerrai Basílio & Vaz-de-Mello sp. nov., C. edeiltae Basílio & Vaz-de-Mello sp. nov., C. lunae Basílio & Vaz-de-Mello sp. nov., C. mayae Basílio & Vaz-de-Mello sp. nov., C. ravii Basílio & Vaz-de-Mello sp. nov., and C. skelleyi Basílio & Vaz-de-Mello sp. nov. An identification key for the males of the species is presented

Ovomanonychus, a new genus of South American Sericoidini (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae)

Costa, Fábio Correia, Cherman, Mariana Alejandra, Iannuzzi, Luciana (2020): Ovomanonychus, a new genus of South American Sericoidini (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Zootaxa 4759 (1): 65-76, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4759.1.

Ovomanonychus Costa & Cherman & Iannuzzi 2020

<i>Ovomanonychus</i> Costa, Cherman, & Iannuzzi, new genus <p> <b>Type species</b>. <i>Manonychus rosettae</i> Frey, 1976, here designated.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Ovomanonychus</i> is distinguished from all other Sericoidini by the following combination of characters: ovate body; labrum vertical, with superior margin inflated, hidden below the clypeus, not on same plane; galea with outer margin curved; labium longer than it is wide; antennae with nine antennomeres and club (with three antennomeres) longer than flagellum; absence of membrane along median of anterior pronotal margin; six fused ventrites, except the VI articulate; ventrite I with basal half hidden by metacoxae and ventrite VI one quarter the length of other ventrites; ventrite V and propygidium separated by suture; tarsomeres with sparse setae ventrally; elytra with strong costae; procoxae conical; apical protibial spur in both sexes; mesocoxae three times longer than wide; metacoxae longer than ventrite II; mesotarsomere I longer than mesotarsomere II; claws simple on all tarsi; metatibia with two apical spurs, spurs set below and above the tarsal articulation.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Length: 10.0–12.0 mm; width: 4.0– 5.5mm. Body reddish brown, ovate sides slightly arcuate at middle of elytra (Fig. 1A). <i>Head</i>: Anterior margin rounded; distance between eyes twice or three times the width of one eye; frons densely punctate; frontoclypeal suture strongly impressed; canthus covered by clypeus; clypeus trapezoidal, punctate (Fig. 1E), strongly reflexed, and separated from labrum by a suture; labrum with superior margin bulged, vertical, hidden below the clypeus, not on same plane; galea of maxilla with outer margin curved (Fig. 1B); galea with tooth I projected; lacinia with distal portion forming a tooth–like projection; labium densely setose along the lateral margin, longer than wide (Fig. 1D); palp insertion covered by the labium and placed submedially; ligula and labium fused; antennae with nine antennomeres, club with three antennomeres and longer than flagellum (Fig. 1E). <i>Prothorax</i>: Pronotum wider than long, glabrous, densely punctate, disc narrowly smooth along midline; absence of membrane along median of anterior pronotal margin (Fig. 1E); anterolateral region slightly depressed; lateral margin sparsely setose; anterior angle rounded; anterolateral margin arcuate, posterolateral margins straight; proepimeron smooth laterally. <i>Pterothorax</i>: Scutellum subtriangular; mesosternum with foveolate, bristled punctures; internal posterior angle of mesepimeron acute and projected; metasternum bristles long; distance between the mesocoxae and metacoxae equal to length of metacoxae; metepisternum with coarse punctures. <i>Elytra</i>: Shiny, with costae parallel to the elytral suture, which is elevated (Fig. 1A). <i>Legs</i>: Procoxae conical, with sparse punctures on proximal region; profemurs with aggregated punctures extending from the base to the disc; protibia with sculpture and three teeth well developed, tooth II forming an acute angle with tooth III; apical protibial spur in both sexes; protarsomeres cylindrical; mesocoxae contiguous, punctate distally and three times longer than wide; mesofemur with parallel double row of punctures; mesotibia gradually enlarged towards apex, and with two transverse carinae; transverse carina II incomplete (non-reaching inner margin of mesotibia); two apical spurs, spurs set below and above the tarsal articulation; mesotarsomere I longer than mesotarsomere II (Fig. 2A); metacoxae longer than ventrite II, with dense or sparse bristles; metacoxal lateral margin in obtuse angle; metafemur with row of punctures posteriorly and smooth basally; transverse carina II incomplete; metatibial apical spurs with equal or different size (Fig. 2B), spurs set below and above the tarsal articulation; apex of metatibia prominent at the tarsal articulation; ventral surface of all tarsomeres with sparse bristles (Fig. 1F); all claws simple. <i>Abdomen</i>: Six fused ventrites, except ventrite VI which is articulate; ventrite I with basal half hidden by metacoxae and ventrite VI one quarter the length the others (Fig. 2C); lateral keel along the ventrites; ventrites II–VI with transverse row of setose punctures; pygidium and propygidium separated by suture; propygidium punctate. <i>Male genitalia</i>: Parameres symmetrical, converging at apex; outer margin slightly curved on distal third; inner margin on distal portion curved; medial portion of proximal margin lobed.</p> <p> <b>Sexual dimorphism.</b> Males and females are quite similar, except in the protibial tooth I stronger in females and pygidium slightly convex in females and flat in males.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> Adjective in the nominative singular. From the Latin <i>ovum</i> (“egg”) + <i>Manonychus</i> in reference to the body shape and original placement of the type species. The name is masculine in gender.</p> <p> <b>Composition.</b> <i>Ovomanonychus rosettae</i> (Frey, 1976) <b>new combination</b>, <i>Ovomanonychus inajae</i> <b>new species</b>, and <i>Ovomanonychus striatus</i> <b>new species</b>.</p> <p> <b>Geographical distribution.</b> Endemic to the Midwest (Mato Grosso), Southeastern (Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo), Northeastern (Bahia), and Southern (Paraná) regions of Brazil (Fig.3).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Ovomanonychus</i> <b>new genus</b> resembles <i>Manonychus</i> in the labrum hidden by the clypeus (in dorsal view), with superior margin inflated; and labium quadrate. <i>Ovomanonychus</i> differs from <i>Manonychus</i> (characters in parenthesis), in the galea with outer margin curved (Fig. 1B) (galea with outer margin lobed; Fig. 1C); elytra with costae (Fig. 1A) (elytra almost smooth); tarsomeres in all legs with sparse bristles ventrally (Fig. 1F) (protarsomeres and mesotarsomeres with pads; Fig. 1G); metacoxae longer than ventrite II (Fig. 2C) (metacoxae length equal to ventrite II; Fig. 2D).</p> <p> We place <i>Ovomanonychus</i> <b>new genus</b> in Sericoidini based on the following combination of characters: labrum hidden by the clypeus (in dorsal view); clypeus and labrum separate by suture; ligula and labium fused; metatibial apically with two spurs, spurs set below and above the tarsal articulation; lateral keel along the abdominal ventrites; abdomen with six ventral sternites (basal sternite partially hidden by metacoxae), sternites approximately equal in length, evenly convex, separated by distinct sutures (Smith 2008).</p>Published as part of <i>Costa, Fábio Correia, Cherman, Mariana Alejandra & Iannuzzi, Luciana, 2020, Ovomanonychus, a new genus of South American Sericoidini (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), pp. 65-76 in Zootaxa 4759 (1)</i> on pages 66-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.1.4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3735986">http://zenodo.org/record/3735986</a&gt

Ovomanonychus rosettae Costa & Cherman & Iannuzzi 2020, new combination

<i>Ovomanonychus rosettae</i> (Frey, 1976), new combination <p>Figures 4 A–G.</p> <p> <i>Manonychus rosettae</i> Frey, 1976: 377; Evans 2003: 303 (checklist); Evans & Smith 2005: 256 (checklist); Evans & Smith 2009: 309 (checklist); Grossi and Vaz-de-Mello 2020 (checklist-online).</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> <i>Ovomanonychus rosettae</i> <b>holotype</b> male BRAZIL: “Encruzilhada / 960m, Bahia / Alvarenga, XI. 72”, “Type / <i>Manonychus</i> / <i>rosettae</i> / G. Frey 1975”. (NHMB). <b>Paratypes.</b> Brazil. <b>Bahia.</b> Encruzilhada, xi. 1972, 960 m, Alvarenga: 1 female (NHMB).</p> <p> <b>Non-type material.</b> BRAZIL. <b>Minas Gerais</b>. Águas Vermelhas, 13.xii. 2007, 840 m, light trap, 15°42’27’’S 41°32’02’’W, Grossi, Rafael, and Parizotto: 1 male (CERPE); <b>Espírito Santo</b>. Linhares, Reserva Natural Vale, 13.xi.2012, Martins and Fiuza: 1 male (CEMT); Linhares, Sooretama, xi.1962, A. Martínez: 1 male (CMNC); Conceição da Barra, x.1972, M. Alvarenga: 1 male (CMNC).</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> BRAZIL, Bahia, Encruzilhada, 960 m.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Clypeus trapezoidal, with anterior margin truncate; large eyes; pronotal anterior and posterior angles rounded; scutellum smooth; elytra with four longitudinal costae; protibia strongly sculptured; metacoxae with sparse bristles; metatibial spurs in different size; in males parameres wide, deflected distally and punctate, flatted laterally; phallobase in dorsal view, distal margin constriction.</p> <p> <b>Redescription.</b> Holotype. Male: Length 11.2 mm; width 4.8 mm (variation 11.0– 11.4 mm; 4.6–4.8 mm). <i>Head</i>: Shiny, light reddish brown; distance between eyes twice the width of one eye; frons longer than clypeus; clypeus trapezoidal; labrum, in frontal view, with width one third greater than the width of the clypeus; mandibles with mola multigrooved; distal maxillary palpomere with maximum width equal to apex width; galea with seven teeth visible in frontal view; labium with apex wider than the base; labial anterior margin from rounded to strongly sinuate. <i>Prothorax</i>: Pronotal anterior and posterior angles rounded. <i>Pterothorax</i>: Scutellum smooth; mesosternum with short bristles; metasternum with long and dense bristles on disc. <i>Elytra</i>: Four longitudinal costae; elytral suture strongly elevated, and distal portion darker than the elytra; coarse punctures, fading towards lateral and apical margin. <i>Legs</i>: Protibia strongly sculptured along the toothed margin; protarsomere I length subequal to protarsomere II; mesotarsomeres with proximal portion smooth; metacoxae with sparse bristles; metatibial spurs in different size. <i>Abdomen</i>: Ventrites with inconspicuous punctures; ventrite II–V subequal in length; propygidium glabrous, with coarse punctures; pygidium wider than it is long, with coarse and dense punctures and basal region depressed laterally; basal width of the pygidium equal to the posterior width of the propygidium. <i>Male genitalia</i>: Parameres wide, deflected distally and punctate; inner margin strongly curved on distal portion; flatted laterally; phallobase in dorsal view, distal margin constriction.</p> <p> <b>Sexual dimorphism.</b> Female with metasternal bristles sparser than male. Females longer than males (12.0 mm; 4.6 mm).</p> <p> <b>Geographical distribution.</b> Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais, and Espírito Santo).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Ovomanonychus rosettae</i> differs to <i>Ovomanonychus striatus</i> <b>new species</b> in the large eyes (small eyes); mola multigrooved (mola with carinae slightly impressed); scutellum smooth (scutellum with fine and dense punctures); metacoxae with sparse bristles (metacoxae with dense bristles); and parameres wide and deflected distally (parameres narrow and non-deflected distally). <i>Ovomanonychus rosettae</i> differs to <i>O</i>. <i>inajae</i> <b>new species</b> in the clypeus trapezoidal and frons longer than clypeus (clypeus is broadly rounded and the frons as long as the clypeus); scutellum smooth (scutellum punctate); pygidium wider than it is long and with coarsely marked punctures (pygidium as wide as it is long and with finely marked punctures); lateral of parameres without excavation (lateral of parameres with strong excavation).</p> <p> Up to now, <i>O. rosettae</i> was only known from the type locality, Encruzilhada, Bahia, at 960 m. With this study, the records were expanded north to Minas Gerais (840 m) and Linhares, Espírito Santo.</p>Published as part of <i>Costa, Fábio Correia, Cherman, Mariana Alejandra & Iannuzzi, Luciana, 2020, Ovomanonychus, a new genus of South American Sericoidini (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae), pp. 65-76 in Zootaxa 4759 (1)</i> on pages 70-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.1.4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3735986">http://zenodo.org/record/3735986</a&gt

First report of Liogenys suturalis (Blanchard) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) in Argentinian crops and the first report of damage on soybean

Liogenys Guérin-Méneville is one of the most species rich genera in the Scarabaeidae family endemic to South America. Some species of this genus are important root-feeding pests of maize, soybean, wheat and oat in their larval stage. Prior to the present study, all known reports of damage caused by any Liogenys species were from Brazil. Since 2006 in Argentina white grubs of the genus Liogenys (not previsouly identified to species level) have been recorded causing a decrease in soybean yields. This research confirms that the Argentinian species is L. suturalis (Blanchard), an important pest already recorded in Brazil but associated with yield losses of maize crops instead of soybean. Taxonomical and biological data observed in Argentinian populations are presented. This is the first record of L. suturalis damaging soybean and its first report in Argentinian crops.Fil: Cherman, Mariana Alejandra. Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso; BrasilFil: Mojica, Noelia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Fava, Fernando Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: del Valle, Eleodoro Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias del Litoral. - Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias del Litoral.; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin