Jóvenes entre el centro y la periferia de la ciudad, del Estado y de la academia

Fil: Chaves, Mariana. Cátedra de Antropología Sociocultural II. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentin

Estudiantes secundarios: viejos temas, nuevas formas, ¿cuáles problemas?

Fil: Chaves, Mariana. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de Antropología Sociocultural II; Argentin

Culturas juveniles en la tapa del diario : tensiones entre el margen y el centro de la hoja

Fil: Chaves, Mariana. Cátedra de Antropología Sociocultural II. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentin

Cotidianeidad juvenil en la pobreza: una lectura desde las desigualdades omnipresentes

Fil: Chaves, Mariana. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Cátedra de Antropología Sociocultural II; Argentin

The evolution of European Union criminal law (1957-2012)

This thesis addresses the nature of European Union criminal law (ECL). It claims that ECL has evolved along two main expanding dynamics, both with a significant punitive emphasis. The first dynamic of ECL focuses on the fight against a particular type of criminality that the European Union perceives as threatening to its goals - ‘Euro-crime’ - a criminality with particular features (complex in structure and which attempts primarily against public goods) that reflects the nature of contemporary societies. This focus was brought about by rationales such as the fight against organised crime, the protection of EU interests and policies, and recently, the protection of the victim. In turn, the second dynamic of ECL reinforces the State’s capacity to investigate, prosecute and punish beyond its own national borders. It does so, not only in relation to Euro-crime, but also in relation to a broader range of criminality. This thesis will further argue that these two dynamics have contributed to a more severe penality across the European Union by increasing levels of formal criminalisation; by facilitating criminal investigation, prosecution and punishment; and by placing more pressure on more lenient States. Furthermore, it will claim that this punitive emphasis of ECL has, more recently, begun to be nuanced. This has taken place at the national level as some Member States have shown reluctance to fully accepting the enhanced punitive tone of ECL instruments. It has also taken place at EU level as the punitive emphasis of EU legal instruments was modulated and the protection of fundamental rights has taken a more central place in the ‘post Lisbon’ framework. Thus, at this later stage of ECL a dialectic between punitiveness and moderation began to surface

“SUSPENDED BETWEEN WORLDS”: JASMINE’S LIBERAL FEMINISM

Este trabalho analisa as possibilidades de um discurso feminista em Jasmine (1989), de Bharati Mukherjee. Tenta compreender como o espírito de empoderamento feminino, presente em momentos como o assassinato de seu estuprador pela própria Jasmine, parece desaparecer ao longo da narrativa, tendo em mente que Jasmine está entre Oriente e Ocidente. Para isso, retomo abordagens feminista-marxista e cultural do romance, discutindo as possibilidades de um feminismo não-ocidental e mostrando como o feminismo de Jasmine é liberal, alicerçado em escolha. Examino então o ideal hindu do desapego presente na narrativa, relacionando-o a passagens como o assassinato mencionado. Por fim, discuto as implicações de se considerar Jasmine uma fábula, como Mukherjee chamou a obra, e, por conseguinte, de considerá-la uma fábula feminista

The Variable Influences and Dynamics of Judicial Integration in the Union

It is often stated that the Court of Justice is a highly significant actor and a single explanatory narrative accounts for its position. A more plausible explanation is that it has grown precisely because it is less significant than claimed, and, as with other forms of EU politics, there is not a single field of judicial politics but multiple, discrete ones. All are highly confined and almost all are neither politically nor legally salient. The sole exception is litigation which enables a counter-majoritarian politics to take hold in domestic arenas. If the lack of salience of the Court in other fields raises questions about its functionality, this counter-majoritarian field raises the question as to how integration process identifies the legislative failure that justifies such intervention and sets its limits

Major clinical outcomes of melatonin use in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review

Introduction: In the context of the Sars-Cov-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as other viral infections, these viruses can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Thus, in the context of melatonin science in viral infections such as influenza and COVID-19, there is a growing realization that the regulation of melatonin pathways, both pineal and systemic, may be an important aspect of the regulation of viruses in cellular functions. Objective: It was to list the main results of clinical studies of the use of melatonin in patients infected with Sars-Cov-2 through a systematic review. Methods: The rules of the Systematic Review-PRISMA Platform. The search was carried out from December 2021 to April 2022 in Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: It was found 164 articles. A total of 86 articles were fully evaluated and 30 studies were developed in a systematic review. Melatonin is known as an anti-inflammatory agent and immune modulator that may address the progressive pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). According to the objective and results obtained in the present study that evaluated the treatment in patients with COVID-19, the use of melatonin can help reduce thrombosis, sepsis and mortality. Furthermore, the combination of 3.0 mg oral melatonin tablets and standard care can substantially improve sleep quality and blood oxygen saturation in hospitalized patients. Clinical symptoms such as cough, dyspnea and fatigue, as well as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) level and lung involvement in patients receiving melatonin can improve significantly. Also, the mean time of patients' hospital discharge and return to initial health was significantly shorter in patients who received melatonin compared to the control group. There was evidence of benefit of sustained-release melatonin 2 mg in therapy in patients, as well as evidence that the use of melatonin was associated with a reduced probability of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result compared to the use of blockers of the angiotensin II receptor or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

COVID-19: Major Metabolic and Immunological Relationships in Obesity

Introduction: In the scenario of chronic non-communicable diseases, obesity stands out as a multifactorial disease that can cause several public health problems. Currently, about 30% of the world's population is overweight or obese. Estimates suggest that the prevalence of severe obesity in 2030 will be 11%, approximately twice the current prevalence. By 2025, Brazil will be in fifth place in the world ranking, with an estimated 18.0 million people. The appearance of the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the disease COVID-19, has worsened the comorbidities of obesity. Objective: to explore, through a concise systematic review, the main metabolic and immunological relationships in obesity, especially in the presence of COVID-19. Methods: The present study followed a concise systematic review model (PRISMA). The search strategy was carried out in the databases PubMed, Embase, Ovid and Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results: A total of 76 studies were found that were submitted to the eligibility analysis, and, after that, 15 studies of high to medium quality and with risks of bias were selected that do not compromise the scientific basis of the studies, we found that obesity is an important predictor of worsening SARS-CoV-2 pathology. There is a complex interaction between multiple metabolic, immunological and inflammatory factors that result in meta-inflammation. It has been shown that obesity causes dysfunction in the immune system, increasing susceptibility to infections and death from sepsis, and increased oxidative stress in the body. SARS-CoV-2 amplifies the inflammatory response, enabling greater propensity to alveolar thrombotic microangiopathy and pulmonary thromboembolism. Meta-inflammation and insulin resistance with hyperinsulinemia is the main baseline changes in obesity. Conclusion: In the COVID-19 scenario, obesity is an important predictor of the worsening of SARS-CoV-2 pathology, mainly due to the worsening of met inflammation

Autophagy in the patogenesis of HIV infection

Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2019O Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) é um dos patogenos humanos mais fatais do mundo, com 940 mil mortes por ano. Desde o início da epidemia, na década de 1980, mais de 70 milhões de pessoas foram infetadas pelo HIV e cerca de 35 milhões de pessoas morreram devido ao HIV. Ao longo dos anos, a autofagia, um processo lisossomal catabólico essencial para a manutenção da homeostase celular, tem emergido como um importante mecanismo de defesa do hospedeiro contra a infeção pelo HIV, não só através da degradação dos patógenos invasores (xenofagia), mas também pela indução da imunidade inata e adaptativa. No entanto, há evidências de que o vírus possui vários mecanismos contra a autofagia que podem evitar e perturbar o mecanismo de autofagia. O HIV-1 infecta linfócitos T CD4+, macrófagos e células dendríticas, causando a falha do sistema imunológico. O vírus pode também infetar células do Sistema Nervoso Central, o que provoca neurodegeneração. Vários estudos indicam que a neurodegeneração observada na infeção pelo HIV-1 está associada à desregulação da autofagia neuronal. Por todas estas razões, a modulação da autofagia está a ser alvo de investigação para o tratamento de doenças infeciosas. Devido à capacidade da autofagia de atuar ao nível da degradação intracelular de patógenos, a modulação da autofagia pode potencialmente melhorar o resultado dos tratamentos atuais antirretrovirais para tratar a infeção pelo HIV. Esta monografia através de pesquisa bibliográfica aborda os principais aspetos da autofagia na patogénese da infeção pelo HIV, agrupando a informação mais relevante sobre a temática, sendo o principal objetivo reunir evidência de que a autofagia é uma via celular que pode ser modulada para novas terapêuticas e vacinas contra o HIV-1.Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is among the most lethal human pathogens worldwide with 940 thousand deaths per year. Since the beginning of the epidemic, in the 80's, more than 70 million people have been infected with HIV and about 35 million people have died of HIV. Over the years, autophagy, a lysosomal catabolic process essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis, has emerged as a major host defence mechanism against HIV infection not only through lysosomal degradation of invading pathogens (xenophagy) but also in the induction of innate and adaptive immunity pathways. However, there is evidence that the virus proteins deploy various countermeasures against autophagy, which can perturb and avoid autophagy mechanism. HIV-1 infects CD4+ T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, causing the failure of the immune system. Furthermore, the virus can also infect nervous system cells, which leads to neurodegeneration. Several studies have also indicated that neurodegeneration seen in HIV-1 infection is associated with dysregulation of neuronal autophagy. Therefore, the modulation of autophagy is being investigated for the treatment of many infectious diseases. Given the capacity of autophagy to act at the host cellular level to improve intracellular killing pathogens, modulating autophagy may potentially improve the outcome of the current antiretroviral therapies to treat HIV infection. The purpose of this monography is to develop a bibliographic review focusing on the key points of the autophagy in the pathogenesis of HIV infection, grouping the most relevant information on this matter. The main objective is to gather evidence that autophagy is a cellular pathway that could potentially be modulated for HIV-1 therapy and vaccine