Evaluación ex post del programa de segregación en la fuente y recolección selectiva de residuos sólidos municipales en el distrito de Trujillo, durante el periodo 2016 y 2017

El presente trabajo de investigación, tuvo como objetivo realizar la evaluación ex post del Programa de Segregación en la Fuente y Recolección Selectiva de Residuos Sólidos Municipales en el distrito de Trujillo, durante el periodo 2016 y 2017. Se utilizó un diseño que según su propósito fue de tipo descriptivo, según la manipulación de la variable, fue no experimental, según el tipo de datos, fue cuantitativo. La técnica utilizada para el cumplimiento de dicho objetivo fue entrevista a profundidad. Por otro lado, para el análisis de los documentos correspondientes al Programa, se tuvo acceso a información secundaria. Para lo que corresponde a la población y la muestra se tomó 07 documentos que presentan los resultados de la implementación del Programa durante el periodo 2016 y 2017. Los resultados obtenidos de la evaluación ex post realizada al Programa, arrojaron que de los cinco criterios evaluados, solo en el año 2017, el Programa fue eficaz, superando el cumplimiento de metas programadas. Sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos a los criterios restantes, concluyeron que el Programa no generó la pertinencia, eficiencia, impacto y sostenibilidad. Por ello, se plantearon recomendaciones para mejorar los resultados en la siguiente implementación al Programa.The objective of this research work was to carry out the ex-post evaluation of the Segregation Program at the Source and Selective Collection of Municipal Solid Waste in the district of Trujillo, during the period of 2016 and 2017. The design used for the purpose was of descriptive research, the manipulation of the variable was non-experimental, and was quantitative. The technique used to fulfill this objective was an in-depth interview. On the other hand, for the analysis of the documents corresponding to the Program, secondary information was accessed. For that which corresponds to the population and the sample, 07 documents were obtained that present the results of the implementation of the Program during the 2016 and 2017 period. The results obtained from the ex-post evaluation carried out for the Program, showed that of the five criteria evaluated, in 2017 alone, the Program was effective, exceeding the fulfillment of outlined goals. However, for the remaining criteria it was concluded that the Program didn’t generate relevant, efficient, impactful nor sustainable results. Therefore, recommendations were made to improve the results in the next implementation of the Program

Anclaje bio-cultural del nopal verdura en Tlalnepantla (Morelos), México

The prickly pear cactus is a source of food with strong bio-cultural anchorage in Mexico. This is due to at least three factors: 1) the nature and heritage of cacti; 2) cultural heritage; and 3) the socio-cultural relationships with historical and symbolic roots that have facilitated knowledge of how to cultivate it and how to use it. The aim of this article is to put factors of territorial anchorage and its historical transformation in context by examining the case of the municipality of Tlalnepantla in the state of Morelos, Mexico. This community has experienced accelerated change due to the exchange of traditional crops for the prickly pear cactus and the integration of farming, commercialization and agro-transformation. Our hypothesis is that the market, internal conflicts and a lack of socio-institutional coordination have put social organization into crisis, favoring the territorial spread of the prickly pear cactus and making the Local Agro-Food Systems (LAFS) of Tlalnepantla less competitive. The conclusions highlight important economic and social advances whose roots lie in the strengthening and anchorage of the territory-product. However, circumstances both internal and external to the community persist, such as intra-community conflicts, the international market and cultural paradigm shifts that affect the producers and put consolidation of the LAFS at risk.El nopal es un alimento con un fuerte anclaje bio-cultural en México, propiciado por al menos tres factores: 1) la naturaleza y el patrimonio de cactáceas; 2) el patrimonio cultural; y, 3) las relaciones socio-culturales que han permitido un “saber hacer” y un “saber utilizar” con raíces históricas y simbólicas. El objetivo es situar los factores de anclaje territorial y su transformación histórica tomando como caso el municipio de Tlalnepantla, en el estado de Morelos, México. Esta comunidad ha experimentado un acelerado cambio por la reconversión de los cultivos tradicionales por el nopal y la integración del cultivo, comercialización y agrotransformación. La hipótesis de la que se parte, es que el mercado, los conflictos internos y la falta de coordinación socioinstitucional han puesto en crisis la organización social, favoreciendo la difusión territorial del nopal, haciendo perder competitividad al Sistema Agroalimentario Local (SIAL) de Tlalnepantla. Las conclusiones resaltan importantes avances económicos y sociales que tienen sus bases en el afianzamiento y anclaje del territorio-producto, pero aún existen circunstancias internas y externas a la comunidad tales como conflictos intracomunitarios, el mercado internacional y el cambio de paradigmas culturales que afectan a los productores y que ponen en riesgo la consolidación del SIAL

Información y comunidades indígenas: la construcción de un instrumento multidimensional de diagnóstico de necesidades, usos y percepciones de la información

107-130Se presenta una herramienta para diagnosticar las necesidades, usos y percepciones de la información por parte de comunidades indígena

Información y comunidades indígenas: la construcción de un instrumento multidimensional de diagnóstico de necesidades, usos y percepciones de la información

A tool is presented to diagnose the needs, uses and perceptions of information by indigenous communitie

Universal fixation system for pad printing of plastic parts

Pad printing is used in automotive, medical, electrical and other industries, employing diverse materials to transfer a 2D image onto a 3D object with different sizes and geometries. This work presents a universal fixation system for pad printing of plastic parts (UFSP4) in response to the needs of small companies that cannot afford to invest in the latest technological advances. The UFSP4 comprises two main subsystems: a mechanical support system (i.e., support structure, jig matrix and braking system) and a control system (i.e., an electronic system and an electric-hydraulic system). A relevant feature is the combination of a jig matrix and jig pins to fixate complex workpieces with different sizes. Using finite element analysis (FEA), in the mesh convergence, the total displacement converges to 0.00028781 m after 12,000 elements. The maximum equivalent stress value is 1.22 MPa for the polycarbonate plate in compliance with the safety factor. In a functionality test of the prototype performed in a production environment for one hour, the jigs fixed by the plate did not loosen, maintaining the satisfactory operation of the device. This is consistent with the displacement distribution of the creep analysis and shows the absence of the creep phenomenon. Based on FEA that underpinned the structural health computation of the braking system, the prototype was designed and built, seeking to ensure a reliable and safe device to fixate plastic parts, showing portability, low-cost maintenance and adaptability to the requirements of pad printing of automotive plastic parts

Proteomic analysis of the effect of hemin in breast cancer

Heme, an iron-containing prosthetic group found in many proteins, carries out diverse biological functions such as electron transfer, oxygen storage and enzymatic reactions. Hemin, the oxidised form of heme, is used to treat porphyria and also to activate heme-oxygenase (HO) which catalyses the rate-limiting step in heme degradation. Our group has previously demonstrated that hemin displays antitumor activity in breast cancer (BC). The aim of this work has been to study the effect of hemin on protein expression modifications in a BC cell line to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms of hemin antitumor activity. For this purpose, we carried out proteome analysis by Mass Spectrometry (MS) which showed that 1309 proteins were significantly increased in hemin-treated cells, including HO-1 and the proteases that regulate HO-1 function, and 921 proteins were significantly decreased. Furthermore, the MS-data analysis showed that hemin regulates the expression of heme- and iron-related proteins, adhesion and cytoskeletal proteins, cancer signal transduction proteins and enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. By biochemical and cellular studies, we further corroborated the most relevant in-silico results. Altogether, these results show the multiple physiological effects that hemin treatment displays in BC and demonstrate its potential as anticancer agent.Fil: Colo, Georgina Pamela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Schweitzer, Karen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Oresti, Gerardo Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Alonso, Exequiel Gonzalo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Fernández Chávez, Lucía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Mascaró, Marilina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Giorgi, Gisela. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Curino, Alejandro Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; ArgentinaFil: Facchinetti, Maria Marta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca; Argentin

Renovación urbana en accesos de Cuxpala, Navajas y Ahuisculco. Construcción, asesorías y restablecimiento del espacio público y privado

Debido a la contaminación, ingresos inaccesibles, falta de recursos y falta de infraestructura surge el PAP San Pedro de Valencia, que ha organizado diversos proyectos para la beneficencia de las comunidades dando seguimiento a los compromisos establecidos por los gobiernos municipales, estatal y federal; impulsando la renovación urbana para atraer al turismo y mejorando la prestación de sus servicios, apoyando los procesos de trabajo de los pobladores y aportando alternativas técnicas y culturales congruentes con los procesos sociales que se están desarrollando en la región del Valle de Mazatepec. A lo largo del verano se realizaron levantamientos de los accesos de las siguientes comunidades: Cuxpala, Navajas y Ahuisculco, con el fin de mejorar los ingresos procurando la seguridad del peatón como la del conductor.ITESO, A.C

Compromising between European and US allergen immunotherapy schools: Discussions from GUIMIT, the Mexican immunotherapy guidelines

Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has a longstanding history and still remains the only disease-changing treatment for allergic rhinitis and asthma. Over the years 2 different schools have developed their strategies: the United States (US) and the European. Allergen extracts available in these regions are adapted to local practice. In other parts of the world, extracts from both regions and local ones are commercialized, as in Mexico. Here, local experts developed a national AIT guideline (GUIMIT 2019) searching for compromises between both schools. Methods: Using ADAPTE methodology for transculturizing guidelines and AGREE-II for evaluating guideline quality, GUIMIT selected 3 high-quality Main Reference Guidelines (MRGs): the European Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (EAACI) guideines, the S2k guideline of various German-speaking medical societies (2014), and the US Practice Parameters on Allergen Immunotherapy 2011. We formulated clinical questions and based responses on the fused evidence available in the MRGs, combined with local possibilities, patient's preference, and costs. We came across several issues on which the MRGs disagreed. These are presented here along with arguments of GUIMIT members to resolve them. GUIMIT (for a complete English version, see Supplementary data) concluded the following: Results: Related to the diagnosis of IgE-mediated respiratory allergy, apart from skin prick testing complementary tests (challenges, in vitro testing and molecular such as species-specific allergens) might be useful in selected cases to inform AIT composition. AIT is indicated in allergic rhinitis and suggested in allergic asthma (once controlled) and IgE-mediated atopic dermatitis. Concerning the correct subcutaneous AIT dose for compounding vials according to the US school: dosing tables and formula are given; up to 4 non-related allergens can be mixed, refraining from mixing high with low protease extracts. When using European extracts: the manufacturer's indications should be followed; in multi-allergic patients 2 simultaneous injections can be given (100% consensus); mixing is discouraged. In Mexico only allergoid tablets are available; based on doses used in all sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) publications referenced in MRGs, GUIMIT suggests a probable effective dose related to subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) might be: 50–200% of the monthly SCIT dose given daily, maximum mixing 4 allergens. Also, a table with practical suggestions on non-evidence-existing issues, developed with a simplified Delphi method, is added. Finally, dissemination and implementation of guidelines is briefly discussed, explaining how we used online tools for this in Mexico. Conclusions: Countries where European and American AIT extracts are available should adjust AIT according to which school is followed

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality