Ley N° 26.741 de nacionalización de los hidrocarburos

Este estudio surgió a partir de la identificación de la relevancia sociológica que porta la problemática energética, en especial en el contexto actual signado por las repercusiones macroeconómicas de la pérdida del autoabastecimiento hidrocarburífero nacional. Por ello, el objetivo general que orientó el trabajo fue contribuir al conocimiento de la Política Hidrocarburífera Nacional y sus cambios históricos, en particular de la Ley N° 26.471 de Nacionalización de los Hidrocarburos, pues fue un objetivo específico precisar el carácter social del proceso de expropiación del 51% de las acciones de YPF S.A. y de reapropiación por el Estado Nacional y los Estados Provinciales miembros de la OFEPHI. Para ello se procedió al análisis documental de los antecedentes y textos jurídico-políticos y teóricos, confirmando a través del mismo la intervención del Estado en la distribución de la renta hidrocarburífera y su apropiación por clases y fracciones, mediante la oscilación entre formas de propiedad pública o privada, por un lado, y nacional o provincial, por otro; y corroborando que la normativa mencionada no constituye una nacionalización, sino una reprivatización, en tanto no altera las condiciones de propiedad - sociedad.Fil: Cerretani, Liliana Soledad. Universidad de Buenos Aire

La ecuación energética

El presente trabajo surgió de la necesidad de responder los interrogantes planteados por la complejidad de la configuración de la matriz energética nacional, que se ha evidenciado insuficiente para proporcionar autoabastecimiento energético nacional en las condiciones de expansión de la demanda interna y externa vigentes desde la salida del régimen de convertibilidad. La finalidad que persigue es avanzar en el conocimiento de la situación energética nacional y las explicaciones y estrategias a ella ofrecidas por diferentes actores y sectores sociales, así como discernir los intereses sectoriales que se perfilan detrás de los modelos energéticos y productivos en pugna. Para ello, se realizó un análisis crítico de documentos jurídicos, políticos y teóricos, que permitió perfilar los proyectos dominantes en competencia: por un lado, la política energética oficial instaurada por el Plan Energético Nacional 2004-2019 y representada por la Secretaría de Energía de la Nación y por el Observatorio de la Energía, Tecnología e Infraestructura para el Desarrollo (OETEC) y, por otro lado, la postulada por el agrupamiento de los Ex Secretarios de Energía. En síntesis, se ha confirmado la relevancia sociológica de la cuestión energética local, regional e internacional para la comprensión de las actuales relaciones sociales y ambientales.Fil: Cerretani, Liliana Soledad. Universidad de Buenos Aires

Cardiac oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines response after myocardial infarction

Oxidative stress in heart failure or during ischemia/reperfusion occurs as a result of the excessive generation or accumulation of free radicals or their oxidation products. Free radicals formed during oxidative stress can initiate lipid peroxidation, oxidize proteins to inactive states and cause DNA strand breaks. Oxidative stress is a condition in which oxidant metabolites exert toxic effects because of their increased production or an altered cellular mechanism of protection. In the early phase of acute heart ischemia cytokines have the feature to be functional pleiotropy and redundancy, moreover, several cytokines exert similar and overlapping actions on the same cell type and one cytokine shows a wide range of biological effects on various cell types. Activation of cytokine cascades in the infarcted myocardium was established in numerous studies. In experimental models of myocardial infarction, induction and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-&alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor &alpha), IL-1&beta (Interleukin- 1&beta) and IL-6 (Interleukin-6) and chemokines are steadily described. The current review examines the role of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines response following acute myocardial infarction and explores the inflammatory mechanisms of cardiac injur

El caso de EHUsaludable: el virus de un blog para comunicar en la comunidad universitaria de UPV/ EHU

1. Póster presentado en el VIII Congreso Iberoamericano de Universidades Promotoras de la Salud (CIUPS 2017). Promoción de la Salud y Universidad. Construyendo Entornos Sociales y Educativos Saludables, celebrado en la Universidad de Alicante (España) del 27-29 de junio de 2017._____ 2. Comunicación Póster. Ref. 111 recogido en el libro de actasLa Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), es la única universidad pública en la Comunidad Autónoma Vasca y como tal le corresponde el liderazgo en cuestiones de formación en Salud Pública. Pero más allá de lo sanitario, nuestro enfoque holístico, implica transversalizar la promoción de lo “saludable” a todas las áreas de actividad y a todas las personas miembros de la comunidad universitaria. Se presenta esta experiencia en la UPV/EHU, denominada EHUsaludable, en la que es fundamental el uso del blog corporativo y las aportaciones de los pares, para la implementación de una estrategia comunicativa creando un medio de comunicación propio, con el doble objetivo de aprender hacia adentro y de difundir hacia afuera y viralizar la transversalización de sus objetivos

Lipid peroxidation and apoptotic response in rat brain areas induced by long-term administration of nandrolone: the mutual crosstalk between ROS and NF-kB

The aim of this study was to evaluate the played by oxidative stress in the apoptotic response in different brain areas of rats chronically treated with supra-physiological doses of nandrolone decanoate (ND). Immunohistochemical study and Western blot analysis were performed to evaluate cells' apoptosis and to measure the effects of expression of specific mediators, such as NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), SMAC/DIABLO (second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases/direct IAP-binding protein with low PI) and VMAT2 (vesicular monoamine transporter 2) on apoptosis. The results of the present study indicate that a long-term administration of ND promotes oxidative injury in rat brain specific areas. A link between oxidative stress and NF-κB signalling pathways is supported by our results. In addition to high levels of oxidative stress, we consistently observed a strong immunopositivity to NF-κB. It has been argued that one of the pathways leading to the activation of NF-κB could be under reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated control. In fact, growing evidence suggests that although in limited doses, endogenous ROS may play an activating role in NF-κB signalling, while above a certain threshold, they may negatively impact upon this signalling. However, a mutual crosstalk between ROS and NF-κB exists and recent studies have shown that ROS activity is subject to negative feedback regulation by NF-κB, and that this negative regulation of ROS is the means through which NF-κB counters programmed cells

Performance Improvement of the Inertial Sensors of Advanced Virgo Seismic Isolators with Digital Techniques

Gravitational waves, predicted on the basis of the General Relativity, are ripples in the curvature of space-time that propagate as a wave. The passage of a gravitational wave induces tiny oscillations in the relative separation between two test masses, that can be measured. Nevertheless these oscillations are extremely small, so that only a very sensitive detector is able to measure them. The Advanced Virgo project is a major upgrade of the 3 km-long interferometric gravitational wave detector Virgo, with the goal of increasing its sensitivity by about one order of magnitude in the whole detection band. We expect to have a maximum strain amplitude sensitivity of 4 × 10^−24 1/√Hz at ∼ 300 Hz. In other words this means that it will be able to detect a relative displacement between mirrors of about 10^−20 m, by averaging for one second. This sensitivity should allow to detect several tens of events per year. Among the various ongoing updates, an important improvement is represented by the new electronics used to control the Superattenuators, complex mechanical structures that isolate optical elements from seismic noise by a factor 10^15 at 1 Hz. Using the information of several inertial sensors, a digital control system keeps the structures as stable as possible. A new board for the Superattenuator control has been designed, that incorporates analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) into a single unit. This board is enough to handle every single part of the Superattenuator inertial control. It performs the computation of feedback forces, and is used to synthesize sine wave to drive the coils of the inertial sensors, as well as to read their output. Furthermore it interfaces with all the other structures of Virgo. In this thesis I have studied the horizontal accelerometers, feedback-controlled sensors used in the Superattenuator inertial control to measure the seismic noise in the frequency band from DC to 100 Hz. Using the computing power of the new electronics (the new DSP has 8 cores and can compute 8.4 GFLOPS per core for double precision floating point indeed), I have designed a new control system for the accelerometers, exploiting the properties of a critically damped harmonic oscillator. This system allows to improve by about one order of magnitude the sensitivity of these sensors, with respect to the system used in Virgo, by reducing the root mean square of the force needed for the control by a factor 2. In this way, the accelerometer sensitivity can reach about 10^−9 (m/s^2)/√Hz at 1 Hz. In the last part of the thesis I have studied the Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT), a kind of displacement sensor widely used in Superattenuator control. I have designed a system to read the output of LVDT using a FPGA. It consists of a Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) that is used both to drive the primary coil of the LVDT with a sine wave at 50 kHz, and then to demodulate the signal induced on the secondary coils, whose amplitude is modulated by a signal proportional to displacement. An algorithm, based on a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL), allows the detection of the phase shift of the signal induced on the secondary coils, and tunes the system in order to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio of the measurement of displacement

Exploring harmony in extra virgin olive oils and vegetables pairings

Despite the growing interest in the sensory and healthy properties of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), the topic of oil-food pairing is practically unexplored. This study systematically explores sensory effects on the flavor and harmony obtained by combining two ingredients (EVOOs and vegetables) and aims to provide practical indications for harmonic oil-vegetable combinations. The approach considered an optimal pairing of five EVOOs combined with five typical raw Italian vegetables characterized by different degrees of bitter­ness (Artichoke, Late Treviso radicchio, Chioggia radicchio, rocket, Early Treviso radicchio). An Index of Disharmony was computed for each pairing, using intensity ratings given by a trained panel that described EVOOs, vegetables and pairings. The results suggested a flavor congruency principle to enhance the oil-pairing harmony. EVOOs with intense green and bitter flavor maximise harmony when combined with very bitter or very pungent vegetables. EVOOs with moderate green flavor and bitterness seemed best paired with vegetables with low/intermediate bitterness

Sensory properties of iodine-biofortified potatoes

The present study assessed the sensory impact of potatoes biofortification with iodine and the stability of iodine during six months of storage. Four biofortified cultivars (Cupido, Marabel, Orchestra and Universa) and their controls (non-biofortified) were evaluated. Descriptive analysis was applied with a panel to describe the sensory properties, and triangle tests were applied with consumers to evaluate perceivable differences between controls and respective biofortified samples at the end of shelf life. Iodine content was quantified on raw potatoes for three periods of storage. Descriptive analysis showed some differences between controls and iodine-biofortified samples, especially in texture (hardness). However, consumers did not significantly discriminate fortified from unfortified samples. Iodine was stable during storage in all varieties. Orchestra cultivar showed the highest iodine content, while Universa the lowest