Complex Investigations of Double Layer of Colloid Particles. Electric Conductivity of Suspensions and Anisotropy of Electrophoresis

Conditions for obtaining quantitative .ililformation on the double layer of colloid particles on the basis of electrosurface measurements have been analyzed. A rigorous theory of electric conductivdty of diluted suspensions on the basis of induced dilpole moments of particles has been presented. The .isoconductance point of a suspension has been shown to codncide wd.th the isopolarisation state of a particle. A theory of anisotropy of the electrophoresis of long rod-like particles has been put forward. The identity of the formules of electrophoresis of a sphere and of cylindrical particles oriented pevpendicular towards the field at a small thickness of the double layer has been shown. A good agreement has been found between the values of induced dipole moments and, specific surface conductivity in a wide electrolite concentration range measured by the methods of electric conductivity of suspensions and anisotropy of electrophoresis. The theories of induced dipole moment, electric conductivity of suspension and anisotropy of electrophoresis have been experimentally examined

Additional file 2: of Maternal omega-3 fatty acids regulate offspring obesity through persistent modulation of gut microbiota

Supplementary Data. (XLSX 75.6 kb

Retention of microbiota diversity by lactose-free milk in a mouse model of elderly gut microbiota.

Prebiotics may improve ageing-related dysbiosis. Milk is a source of nutrients including oligosaccharides whose prebiotic potential remains largely unexplored. We used a murine model to explore the effect of milk products on high diversity and lower diversity faecal microbiota from healthy and frail elderly subjects, respectively. Mice were treated with antibiotics and subsequently "humanised" with human faecal microbiota. The mice received lactose-free or whole milk, glycomacropeptide, or soy protein (control) supplemented diets for one month. The faecal microbiota was analysed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Lactose-free milk diet was as efficient as the control diet in retaining faecal microbiota diversity in mice. Both milk diets had a significant effect on the relative abundance of health-relevant taxa (e.g. Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae). The glycomacropeptide prebiotic activity previously observed in vitro was not replicated in vivo. However, these data indicate the novel prebiotic potential of bovine milk for human nutrition

Undercooling and rapid solidification of Cu84Co16 alloys under a static magnetic field

Bulk samples of Cu84Co16 composition were undercooled and rapidly solidified using the electromagnetic levitation technique under a static magnetic field of 2 T. A droplet-shaped microstructure was frozen in due to metastable phase separation in the undercooled liquid. A singular droplet size distribution was determined for the minority Co-rich phase, which differed from a bimodal one observed in the samples levitated without the static magnetic field. Such an effect of the magnetic field was found to be similar to that of reduced gravity of parabolic flights

Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1078 Alleviates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Rats via Modulating the Gut Microbiota and Repairing the Intestinal Barrier Damage

This study focused on the effects of Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1078 on the intestinal barrier and systemic inflammation of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. Female rats were divided into three groups with daily intragastric administration of either saline (control group and model group) or B. breve CCFM1078 (CCFM1078 group, 3 × 109cfu/rat per day) for 5 weeks. In the Model and CCFM1078 groups, arthritis was induced by subcutaneous collagen injection. We found that B. breve CCFM1078 can repair the intestinal barrier, reduce LPS translocation, regulate gut microbiota composition, and increase short-chain fatty acids in the intestine. Then, it can reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines release, adjust immune dysfunction, and inhibit TLR4-MyD88-dependent pathways and downstream inflammatory pathways to alleviate joint inflammation in CIA rats. These findings suggest that B. breve CCFM1078 may alleviate joint inflammation by adjusting the profile of gut microbiota and enhancing the intestinal barrier

Tryptophan metabolic profile in term and preterm breast milk: implications for health

Breast milk is the only source of the essential amino acid tryptophan (TRP) in breast-fed infants. Low levels of TRP could have implications for infant neurodevelopment. The objectives of the present study were to compare the relationship of TRP and its neuroactive pathway metabolites kynurenine (Kyn) and kynurenic acid (KynA) in preterm and term expressed breast milk (EBM) in the first 14 d following birth, and the relationship of TRP metabolism to maternal stress and immune status. A total of twenty-four mothers were recruited from Cork University Maternity Hospital: twelve term (>38 weeks) and twelve preterm (<35 weeks). EBM samples were collected on days 7 and 14. Free TRP, Kyn and KynA were measured using HPLC, total TRP using MS, cytokines using the Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) assay system, and cortisol using a cortisol ELISA kit. Although total TRP was higher in preterm EBM in comparison with term EBM (P < 0·05), free TRP levels were lower (P < 0·05). Kyn, KynA and the Kyn:TRP ratio increased significantly in term EBM from day 7 to day 14 (P < 0·05), but not in preterm EBM. TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 were higher in day 7 preterm and term EBM in comparison with day 14. There were no significant differences between term and preterm EBM cortisol levels. Increased availability of total TRP, lower levels of free TRP and alterations in the temporal dynamics of TRP metabolism in preterm compared with term EBM, coupled with higher EBM inflammatory markers on day 7, may have implications for the neurological development of exclusively breast-fed preterm infants

Additional file 6: Figure S4. of Effect of room temperature transport vials on DNA quality and phylogenetic composition of faecal microbiota of elderly adults and infants

Microbiota composition of each sample of four subjects after all conditions of storage. L = Fresh extraction 0.2 g stool; M = Fresh extraction 0.1 g stool; N = storage for 1 week in DNA Genotek storage vial and extracted with 4 % SDS RBB lysis buffer; O = storage for 1 week in DNA Genotek storage vial and extracted with 6 % SDS RBB lysis buffer; P = storage in regular stool collection tube at 4 °C for 1 week; Q = storage for 2 weeks in DNA Genotek storage vial and extracted with 4 % SDS RBB lysis buffer; R = storage for 2 weeks in DNA Genotek storage vial and extracted with 6 % SDS RBB lysis buffer; S = Frozen at−80 °C for a week prior to extraction; T = 0.2 g of stool fixed overnight in 700 μl of RNAlater before freezing at−80 °C for a week. (PDF 54 kb

Additional file 2: Figure S1. of Effect of room temperature transport vials on DNA quality and phylogenetic composition of faecal microbiota of elderly adults and infants

Microbiota composition of each sample for every infant subject in the study. A = Fresh, B = 1 week’s storage, C = 2 weeks’ storage. Numbers indicate subject IDs. (PDF 120 kb

Additional file 8: Table S3. of Effect of room temperature transport vials on DNA quality and phylogenetic composition of faecal microbiota of elderly adults and infants

Primers and barcode sequences used in the study. (XLSX 13 kb

Relative abundances of bacterial phyla in BF-IAP, BF-C, MF-IAP and MF-C faecal samples.

<p>Relative abundances of bacterial phyla in BF-IAP, BF-C, MF-IAP and MF-C faecal samples.</p