Comprehensive Fragment Screening of the SARS-CoV-2 Proteome Explores Novel Chemical Space for Drug Development

12 pags., 4 figs., 3 tabs.SARS-CoV-2 (SCoV2) and its variants of concern pose serious challenges to the public health. The variants increased challenges to vaccines, thus necessitating for development of new intervention strategies including anti-virals. Within the international Covid19-NMR consortium, we have identified binders targeting the RNA genome of SCoV2. We established protocols for the production and NMR characterization of more than 80 % of all SCoV2 proteins. Here, we performed an NMR screening using a fragment library for binding to 25 SCoV2 proteins and identified hits also against previously unexplored SCoV2 proteins. Computational mapping was used to predict binding sites and identify functional moieties (chemotypes) of the ligands occupying these pockets. Striking consensus was observed between NMR-detected binding sites of the main protease and the computational procedure. Our investigation provides novel structural and chemical space for structure-based drug design against the SCoV2 proteome.Work at BMRZ is supported by the state of Hesse. Work in Covid19-NMR was supported by the Goethe Corona Funds, by the IWBEFRE-program 20007375 of state of Hesse, the DFG through CRC902: “Molecular Principles of RNA-based regulation.” and through infrastructure funds (project numbers: 277478796, 277479031, 392682309, 452632086, 70653611) and by European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program iNEXT-discovery under grant agreement No 871037. BY-COVID receives funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement number 101046203. “INSPIRED” (MIS 5002550) project, implemented under the Action “Reinforcement of the Research and Innovation Infrastructure,” funded by the Operational Program “Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation” (NSRF 2014–2020) and co-financed by Greece and the EU (European Regional Development Fund) and the FP7 REGPOT CT-2011-285950—“SEE-DRUG” project (purchase of UPAT’s 700 MHz NMR equipment). The support of the CERM/CIRMMP center of Instruct-ERIC is gratefully acknowledged. This work has been funded in part by a grant of the Italian Ministry of University and Research (FISR2020IP_02112, ID-COVID) and by Fondazione CR Firenze. A.S. is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [SFB902/B16, SCHL2062/2-1] and the Johanna Quandt Young Academy at Goethe [2019/AS01]. M.H. and C.F. thank SFB902 and the Stiftung Polytechnische Gesellschaft for the Scholarship. L.L. work was supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR, NMR-SCoV2-ORF8), the Fondation de la Recherche Médicale (FRM, NMR-SCoV2-ORF8), FINOVI and the IR-RMN-THC Fr3050 CNRS. Work at UConn Health was supported by grants from the US National Institutes of Health (R01 GM135592 to B.H., P41 GM111135 and R01 GM123249 to J.C.H.) and the US National Science Foundation (DBI 2030601 to J.C.H.). Latvian Council of Science Grant No. VPP-COVID-2020/1-0014. National Science Foundation EAGER MCB-2031269. This work was supported by the grant Krebsliga KFS-4903-08-2019 and SNF-311030_192646 to J.O. P.G. (ITMP) The EOSC Future project is co-funded by the European Union Horizon Programme call INFRAEOSC-03-2020—Grant Agreement Number 101017536. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEALPeer reviewe

Large-Scale Recombinant Production of the SARS-CoV-2 Proteome for High-Throughput and Structural Biology Applications

The highly infectious disease COVID-19 caused by the Betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 poses a severe threat to humanity and demands the redirection of scientific efforts and criteria to organized research projects. The international COVID19-NMR consortium seeks to provide such new approaches by gathering scientific expertise worldwide. In particular, making available viral proteins and RNAs will pave the way to understanding the SARS-CoV-2 molecular components in detail. The research in COVID19-NMR and the resources provided through the consortium are fully disclosed to accelerate access and exploitation. NMR investigations of the viral molecular components are designated to provide the essential basis for further work, including macromolecular interaction studies and high-throughput drug screening. Here, we present the extensive catalog of a holistic SARS-CoV-2 protein preparation approach based on the consortium’s collective efforts. We provide protocols for the large-scale production of more than 80% of all SARS-CoV-2 proteins or essential parts of them. Several of the proteins were produced in more than one laboratory, demonstrating the high interoperability between NMR groups worldwide. For the majority of proteins, we can produce isotope-labeled samples of HSQC-grade. Together with several NMR chemical shift assignments made publicly available on covid19-nmr.com, we here provide highly valuable resources for the production of SARS-CoV-2 proteins in isotope-labeled form

From electron and nuclear spins to the structure and dynamics of paramagnetic metalloproteins involved in electron transfer

Dottorato di ricerca in scienze chimicheConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Biblioteca Centrale - P.le Aldo Moro, 7 Rome; Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale - P.za Cavalleggeri, 1, Florence / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle RichercheSIGLEITItal

Copper(I)-mediated protein-protein interactions result from suboptimal interaction surfaces

International audienceThe homeostasis of metal ions in cells is the result of the contribution of several cellular pathways that involve transient, often weak, protein-protein interactions. Metal transfer typically implies the formation of adducts where the metal itself acts as a bridge between proteins, by coordinating residues of both interacting partners. Here we addressed the interaction between the human copper(I)-chaperone HAH1 and one metal-binding domain of one of its partners, namely the P-type copper-transporting ATPase ATP7A. The adduct was structurally characterized in solution, in the presence of copper(I), and through X-ray crystallography, upon replacing copper(I) with cadmium(II). Further insight was obtained through molecular modelling techniques and site-directed mutagenesis. It is found that the interaction involves a relatively small interface (less than 1000 Å2) with a low fraction of non-polar atoms. These observations provide a possible explanation for the low affinity of the two apo-proteins. It appears that electrostatics is important in selecting which domain of the ATPase is able to form detectable amounts of the metal-mediatd adduct with HAH1

Molecular chaperone function of Mia40 triggers consecutive induced folding steps of the substrate in mitochondrial protein import

Several proteins of the mitochondrial intermembrane space are targeted by internal targeting signals. A class of such proteins with α-helical hairpin structure bridged by two intramolecular disulfides is trapped by a Mia40-dependent oxidative process. Here, we describe the oxidative folding mechanism underpinning this process by an exhaustive structural characterization of the protein in all stages and as a complex with Mia40. Two consecutive induced folding steps are at the basis of the protein-trapping process. In the first one, Mia40 functions as a molecular chaperone assisting α-helical folding of the internal targeting signal of the substrate. Subsequently, in a Mia40-independent manner, folding of the second substrate helix is induced by the folded targeting signal functioning as a folding scaffold. The Mia40-induced folding pathway provides a proof of principle for the general concept that internal targeting signals may operate as a folding nucleus upon compartment-specific activation

Comprehensive Fragment Screening of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Proteome Explores Novel Chemical Space for Drug Development

SARS‐CoV‐2 (SCoV2) and its variants of concern pose serious challenges to the public health. The variants increased challenges to vaccines, thus necessitating for development of new intervention strategies including anti‐virals. Within the international Covid19‐NMR consortium, we have identified binders targeting the RNA genome of SCoV2. We established protocols for the production and NMR characterization of more than 80 % of all SCoV2 proteins. Here, we performed an NMR screening using a fragment library for binding to 25 SCoV2 proteins and identified hits also against previously unexplored SCoV2 proteins. Computational mapping was used to predict binding sites and identify functional moieties (chemotypes) of the ligands occupying these pockets. Striking consensus was observed between NMR‐detected binding sites of the main protease and the computational procedure. Our investigation provides novel structural and chemical space for structure‐based drug design against the SCoV2 proteome

Large-Scale Recombinant Production of the SARS-CoV-2 Proteome for High-Throughput and Structural Biology Applications

The highly infectious disease COVID-19 caused by the Betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 poses a severe threat to humanity and demands the redirection of scientific efforts and criteria to organized research projects. The international COVID19-NMR consortium seeks to provide such new approaches by gathering scientific expertise worldwide. In particular, making available viral proteins and RNAs will pave the way to understanding the SARS-CoV-2 molecular components in detail. The research in COVID19-NMR and the resources provided through the consortium are fully disclosed to accelerate access and exploitation. NMR investigations of the viral molecular components are designated to provide the essential basis for further work, including macromolecular interaction studies and high-throughput drug screening. Here, we present the extensive catalog of a holistic SARS-CoV-2 protein preparation approach based on the consortium’s collective efforts. We provide protocols for the large-scale production of more than 80% of all SARS-CoV-2 proteins or essential parts of them. Several of the proteins were produced in more than one laboratory, demonstrating the high interoperability between NMR groups worldwide. For the majority of proteins, we can produce isotope-labeled samples of HSQC-grade. Together with several NMR chemical shift assignments made publicly available on covid19-nmr.com, we here provide highly valuable resources for the production of SARS-CoV-2 proteins in isotope-labeled form.This work was supported by Goethe University (Corona funds), the DFG-funded CRC: “Molecular Principles of RNA-Based Regulation,” DFG infrastructure funds (project numbers: 277478796, 277479031, 392682309, 452632086, 70653611), the state of Hesse (BMRZ), the Fondazione CR Firenze (CERM), and the IWB-EFRE-program 20007375. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement No. 871037. AS is supported by DFG Grant SCHL 2062/2-1 and by the JQYA at Goethe through project number 2019/AS01. Work in the lab of KV was supported by a CoRE grant from the University of New Hampshire. The FLI is a member of the Leibniz Association (WGL) and financially supported by the Federal Government of Germany and the State of Thuringia. Work in the lab of RM was supported by NIH (2R01EY021514) and NSF (DMR-2002837). BN-B was supported by theNSF GRFP.MCwas supported byNIH (R25 GM055246 MBRS IMSD), and MS-P was supported by the HHMI Gilliam Fellowship. Work in the labs of KJ and KT was supported by Latvian Council of Science Grant No. VPP-COVID 2020/1-0014. Work in the UPAT’s lab was supported by the INSPIRED (MIS 5002550) project, which is implemented under the Action “Reinforcement of the Research and Innovation Infrastructure,” funded by the Operational Program “Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation” (NSRF 2014–2020) and cofinanced by Greece and the EU (European Regional Development Fund) and the FP7 REGPOT CT-2011- 285950–“SEE-DRUG” project (purchase of UPAT’s 700MHz NMR equipment). Work in the CM-G lab was supported by the Helmholtz society. Work in the lab of ABö was supported by the CNRS, the French National Research Agency (ANR, NMRSCoV2- ORF8), the Fondation de la Recherche Médicale (FRM, NMR-SCoV2-ORF8), and the IR-RMN-THC Fr3050 CNRS. Work in the lab of BM was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant number 200020_188711), the Günthard Stiftung für Physikalische Chemie, and the ETH Zurich. Work in the labs of ABö and BM was supported by a common grant from SNF (grant 31CA30_196256). This work was supported by the ETHZurich, the grant ETH40 18 1, and the grant Krebsliga KFS 4903 08 2019. Work in the lab of the IBS Grenoble was supported by the Agence Nationale de Recherche (France) RA-COVID SARS2NUCLEOPROTEIN and European Research Council Advanced Grant DynamicAssemblies. Work in the CA lab was supported by Patto per il Sud della Regione Siciliana–CheMISt grant (CUP G77B17000110001). Part of this work used the platforms of the Grenoble Instruct-ERIC center (ISBG; UMS 3518 CNRS-CEA-UGA-EMBL) within the Grenoble Partnership for Structural Biology (PSB), supported by FRISBI (ANR-10-INBS-05-02) and GRAL, financed within the University Grenoble Alpes graduate school (Ecoles Universitaires de Recherche) CBH-EUR-GS (ANR-17-EURE- 0003). Work at the UW-Madison was supported by grant numbers NSF MCB2031269 and NIH/NIAID AI123498. MM is a Ramón y Cajal Fellow of the Spanish AEI-Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC2019-026574-I), and a “La Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434) Junior Leader Fellow (LCR/BQ/PR19/11700003). Funded by project COV20/00764 fromthe Carlos III Institute of Health and the SpanishMinistry of Science and Innovation to MMand DVL. VDJ was supported by the Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds. Part of this work used the resources of the Italian Center of Instruct-ERIC at the CERM/ CIRMMP infrastructure, supported by the Italian Ministry for University and Research (FOE funding). CF was supported by the Stiftung Polytechnische Gesellschaft. Work in the lab of JH was supported by NSF (RAPID 2030601) and NIH (R01GM123249).Peer reviewe