Changes in hematological, biochemical, and blood gases prameters in response to progressive inclusion of nitrate in the diet of Holstein calves

Background and Aim: Nitrate (NO3-) reduces enteric methane emissions and could be a source of non-protein nitrogen in ruminant feeds. Nonetheless, it has a potential toxic effect that could compromise animal health and production. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of progressive inclusion of NO3- in the diet on the hematological, biochemical, and blood gases parameters, in turn, the effects on feed intake and live weight gain (LWG) in Holstein calves. Materials and Methods: Eighteen Holstein heifers and steers (nine animals/treatment) were maintained in individual pens for 45 days. Animals were randomly allocated to either a control or nitrate diet (ND) (containing 15 g of NO3-/kg of dry matter [DM]). The biochemical parameters and blood gases were analyzed only in the NO3- group on days: -1, 1, 7, 13, 19, and 25 corresponding to 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of the total inclusion of NO3- in the diet, respectively. In addition, DM intake (DMI) and LWG were evaluated among dietary treatments. Results: Feeding the ND did not influence DMI or LWG (p>0.05). Methemoglobin (MetHb) and deoxyhemoglobin increased according to the NO3- concentrations in the diet (p0.05). However, glucose, urea, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and retinol concentrations increased (p<0.05) according to the NO3- concentrations in the diet.Instituto de PatobiologíaFil: Ortiz Chura, Abimael. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología; ArgentinaFil: Ortiz Chura, Abimael. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Marcoppido, Gisela Ariana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología; ArgentinaFil: Marcoppido, Gisela Ariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gere, José. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. División Investigación y Desarrollo de Ingenierías; ArgentinaFil: Gere, José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Depetris, Gustavo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Stefañuk Bahamonte, Francisco José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Trangoni, Marcos David. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. ArgentinaFil: Trangoni, Marcos David. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cravero, Silvio Lorenzo Pedro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Cravero, Silvio Lorenzo Pedro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Faverin, Claudia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Cataldi, Angel Adrian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Cataldi, Angel Adrian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ceron Cucchi, Maria Esperanza. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patobiología; ArgentinaFil: Ceron Cucchi, Maria Esperanza. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Identification and evaluation of new Mycobacterium bovis antigens in the in vitro interferon gamma release assay for bovine tuberculosis diagnosis

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a common zoonotic disease, caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis),responsible for significant economic losses worldwide. Its diagnosis is based on the detection of cellmediated immunity under the exposure to protein purified derivative tuberculin (PPD), a complex andpoorly characterized reagent. The cross-reactivity to non-tuberculous mycobacterium species (falsepositiveresults) has been crucial to develop a more proper antigen. In the present study, we selected sixM. bovis Open Reading Frames (Mb1992, Mb2031c, Mb2319, Mb2843c, Mb2845c and Mb3212c) by insilicoanalysis and evaluated them in experimental and natural infection; none of these antigens hadbeen previously assessed as diagnostic antigens for bTB. The reactivity performance was tested in animalswith both positive and negative Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) results as well as in cattle infected withMycobacterium avium subesp. paratuberculosis (MAP). The six recombinant antigens individually inducedan IFN-g response, with overall responder frequency ranging from 18.3 to 31%. Mb2845c was the mostvaluable antigen with the potential to discriminate TST-positive cattle from either TST-negative or MAPinfected animals. Mb2845c showed similar performance to that observed with ESAT-6 and PPD-B amongTST and MTC specific-PCR positive animals, although this result needs to be proven in further studieswith a higher sample size. Our data confirm the feacibility to implement bioinformatic screening toolsand suggest Mb2845c as a potential diagnostic antigen to be tested in protein cocktails to evaluate theircontribution to bTB diagnosis.Fil: Eirin, Maria Emilia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Macías, Analia Florencia. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Magnano, Gabriel Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Morsella, Claudia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Mendez, Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Blanco, Federico Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Bianco, María Verónica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Severina, Walter. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; ArgentinaFil: Alito, Alicia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Pando, María de los Ángeles. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida; ArgentinaFil: Singh, Mahavir. No especifíca;Fil: Spallek, Ralph. No especifíca;Fil: Paolicchi, Fernando Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Bigi, Fabiana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cataldi, Ángel Adrián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentin

Evaluación de dispositivos de desinfección por aspersión empleados para evitar la propagación del COVID-19.

En vista a la epidemia de Corona Virus (COVID-19) se han puesto en el mercado varios artículos y equipos, con el objetivo de minimizar la exposición al virus, y en algunos casos, eliminar al mismo. Pocos productos son diseñados según las especificaciones técnicas y recomendaciones de las autoridades de Salud, tanto del país como internacionales. No se realizan controles de calidad ni de eficiencia de los productos, que a la larga pueden llegar a ser contraproducentes y empeorar la situación, poniendo en riesgo la salud de las personas, por lo que se hace necesario el control de los sistemas disponibles en el mercado y verificar su eficacia. Se plantea el presente proyecto con el fin de evaluar dispositivos de desinfección por aspersión empleados para evitar la dispersión del COVID-19.CONACYT - Consejo Nacional de Ciencias y TecnologíaPROCIENCI

Manual de uso para los sistemas de desinfección por aspersión.

Manual sobre las cabinas de desinfección utilizados durante la pandemia del COVID-19, su descripción, procedimientos de uso, productos sanitizantes utilizados, aspectos positivos y negativos.CONACYT - Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaPROCIENCI

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file