9 research outputs found

    Batch adsorption and fixed bed column of the B39 dye on granular activated carbon B39

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    Los colorantes est谩n usualmente presentes en los efluentes acuosos de muchas industrias, como la textil, del cuero, el papel, la imprenta y cosm茅ticos. La efectividad de la adsorci贸n de colorantes presentes en aguas residuales, empleando adsorbentes de bajo costo, ha permitido la extensi贸n de esta t茅cnica de remoci贸n, por encima de otros m茅todos de tratamiento. Este trabajo investig贸 la capacidad de adsorci贸n de un carb贸n activado comercial (CA) en la remoci贸n del colorante reactivo Blue 39 (B39) en disoluci贸n acuosa a 25掳C. Los datos experimentales del estudio en lote realizado a diferentes pH (6-8) y concentraciones iniciales de B39 (5-200 mg dm 3), se ajustan satisfactoriamente al modelo de isoterma de Freundlich, presentando una capacidad m谩xima de adsorci贸n en monocapa de 17,7 mg g-1 a pH 8. El estudio din谩mico a diferentes alturas del lecho (1, 3 y 5 cm), flujos volum茅tricos (1 y 5 cm3 min-1) y concentraci贸n inicial de 5,5 mg dm-3, muestra que el tiempo de servicio de la columna y la capacidad de remoci贸n mejoran cuando la altura aumenta y el flujo volum茅trico disminuye. El modelo del tiempo de servicio de la altura del lecho (BDST) se aplic贸 a los datos experimentales ajust谩ndose de manera aceptable.Abstract: Dyes are usually present in water effluents of many industries, such as textiles, leather, paper, printing and cosmetics. The effectiveness of the adsorption of dyes in wastewater using inexpensive adsorbents has enabled the extension of this technique for removal, over other methods of treatment. This study investigated the adsorption capacity of a commercial activated carbon (AC) on the removal of reactive dye Blue 39 (B39) in water solution at 25掳C. The experimental ,conform to the model of Freundlich isotherm, presenting a maximum adsorption capacity monolayer 17.7 mg g-1 at pH 8. The dynamic study at different heights of the bed (1, 3 and 5 cm), flow rates (1 and 5 cm3 min-1) and initial concentration of 5,5 mg dm-3, shows that the time service and the capacity column removal improved when the height increases and the flow rate decreases. The model of the service time of the bed height (BDST) was applied to the experimental data at an acceptable conform

    Remoci贸n de Pb2+ en disoluci贸n acuosa sobre carb贸n activado en polvo: estudio por lote

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    Pb2 + ions in aqueous solution on activated carbon (AC) is removed to 25 卤 1 掳C and pH 4,0 卤 0,1. Batch experiments were performed to determine the effect of initial concentration (20 to 1000 mgdm-3) and the amount of adsorbent (0,5-1,0 g) on the adsorption capacity. The equilibrium data fit well to the Freundlich isotherm giving an adsorption capacity of 37,5 mgg-1 of AC, a dose of 5 gdm-3. The results show that activated carbon improved clearance capacity when the initial concentration increases and decreases as the adsorbent dose increases.Los iones Pb2+ en disoluci贸n acuosa se removieron sobre carb贸n activado (CA) a 25 卤 1 掳C y a un pH de 4,0 卤 0,1. Experimentos por lotes se realizaron para determinar el efecto de la concentraci贸n inicial (20 - 1000 mgdm-3) y la cantidad de adsorbente (0,5-1,0 g) sobre la capacidad de adsorci贸n. Los datos de equilibrio se ajustan satisfactoriamente a la isoterma de Freundlich dando una capacidad m谩xima de adsorci贸n de 37,5 mgg-1 de CA, para una dosis de 5 gdm-3. De los resultados se observa que el carb贸n activado mejora su capacidad de remoci贸n cuando la concentraci贸n inicial aumenta y disminuye cuando la dosis de adsorbente se incrementa

    Remoci贸n de azul de metileno por la microalga chlorella sp. Viva

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    The microalgae Chlorella sp. was investigated as a feasible material for biological treatment of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye solution. For this, it was examined the effect from different initial microalgae concentrations, 1,06 x 106 UFC cm-3, 2,16 x 106 UFC cm-3 y 3,30 x 106 UFC cm-3 (0,1, 0,2 y 0,3 units of absorption respectively), over solutions of 10 mg dm-3 MB, both in absence or presence of nutrients. In all events it was presented a removal of dye, that according to changes in V-VIS spectrum from decolourated solutions, they belong both to biosorption processes and biodegradation as well. In the tests developed with nutrients, we got rates of removal around 84,3 % for microalgae concentrations suitable to 0,1 absorption units around 90 % for microalgae concentrations suitable to 0,2 y 0,3 absorption units; meanwhile, in tests made without nutrients there were 98,4 % y 99,4 % of dye removed.La microalga Chlorella sp. fue investigada como material viable para el tratamiento biol贸gico de soluciones del colorante cati贸nico azul de metileno (AM). Para esto, se examin贸 el efecto de diferentes concentraciones in铆ciales de microalga, 1,06 x 106 UFC cm-3, 2,16 x 106 UFC cm-3 y 3,30 x 106 UFC cm-3 (0,1, 0,2 y 0,3 unidades de absorbancia respectivamente), sobre soluciones de 10 mg dm-3 de AM, tanto en presencia como en ausencia de nutrientes. En todos los casos se present贸 remoci贸n del colorante que, seg煤n los cambios en los espectros UV-VIS de las soluciones decoloradas corresponden tanto a procesos de biosorci贸n como de biodegradaci贸n. En los ensayos realizados en presencia de nutrientes se alcanzaron porcentajes de remoci贸n del 84,3 % para concentraciones de microalgas correspondientes a 0,1 unidades de absorbancia y alrededor del 90 % para concentraciones de microalgas correspondientes a 0,2 y 0,3 unidades de absorbancia; mientras que, con los ensayos realizados en ausencia de nutrientes se removieron entre un 98,4 % y 99,4 % del colorante

    Adsorci贸n por lote y en una columna de lecho fijo del colorante B39 sobre carb贸n activado granular

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    Dyes are usually present in water effluents of many industries, such as textiles, leather, paper, printing and cosmetics. The effectiveness of the adsorption of dyes in wastewater using inexpensive adsorbents has enabled the extension of this technique for removal, over other methods of treatment. This study investigated the adsorption capacity of a commercial activated carbon (AC) on the removal of reactive dye Blue 39 (B39) in water solution at 25掳C. The experimental ,conform to the model of Freundlich isotherm, presenting a maximum adsorption capacity monolayer 17.7 mg g-1 at pH 8. The dynamic study at different heights of the bed (1, 3 and 5 cm), flow rates (1 and 5 cm3 min-1) and initial concentration of 5,5 mg dm-3, shows that the time service and the capacity column removal improved when the height increases and the flow rate decreases. The model of the service time of the bed height (BDST) was applied to the experimental data at an acceptable conform.Los colorantes est谩n usualmente presentes en los efluentes acuosos de muchas industrias, como la textil, del cuero, el papel, la imprenta y cosm茅ticos. La efectividad de la adsorci贸n de colorantes presentes en aguas residuales, empleando adsorbentes de bajo costo, ha permitido la extensi贸n de esta t茅cnica de remoci贸n, por encima de otros m茅todos de tratamiento. Este trabajo investig贸 la capacidad de adsorci贸n de un carb贸n activado comercial (CA) en la remoci贸n del colorante reactivo Blue 39 (B39) en disoluci贸n acuosa a 25掳C. Los datos experimentales del estudio en lote realizado a diferentes pH (6-8) y concentraciones iniciales de B39 (5-200 mg dm-3), se ajustan satisfactoriamente al modelo de isoterma de Freundlich, presentando una capacidad m谩xima de adsorci贸n en monocapa de 17,7 mg g-1 a pH 8. El estudio din谩mico a diferentes alturas del lecho (1, 3 y 5 cm), flujos volum茅tricos (1 y 5 cm3 min-1) y concentraci贸n inicial de 5,5 mg dm-3, muestra que el tiempo de servicio de la columna y la capacidad de remoci贸n mejoran cuando la altura aumenta y el flujo volum茅trico disminuye. El modelo del tiempo de servicio de la altura del lecho (BDST) se aplic贸 a los datos experimentales ajust谩ndose de manera aceptable

    Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic of direct blue 86 dye adsorption on activated carbon obtained from manioc husk

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    Objective. To establish by means of experimenting by batch the capacity of removal, the kinetics and adsorption thermodynamics of activated carbon prepared from manioc husk (Manihot esculenta) in the removal of direct blue 86 dye. Materials and methods. Firstly, the experimental methodology worked on the preparation of activated carbon by chemical activation of manioc husk with H3PO4 calcined at 530掳C. In the characterization the texture properties were determined by means of the blue methylene and iodine indices, the basic and acidic functional groups were quantified by the Boehm method, and the proximate analyses were done following the norms ASTM D2867-70, ASTM D2866 and ASTM D2866-94. During the batch studies, the effect of several parameters over the adsorption capacity was evaluated: pH (2, 4, 8 and 10), temperature (25, 30 and 40掳C) and initial concentration of the dye (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/L). Both physicochemical and adsorption characteristics of the activated carbon from manioc husk (CAY) were compared against those of a commercial brand (CAM). Results. The results of characterization showed that both carbons have a chemistry heterogeneous surface, acidic for CAY and basic for CAM. The maximum capacity obtained was 6.1 mg/g for CAY and 3.7 mg/g for CAM. The thermodynamic calculations showed that the removal was spontaneous. The kinetics for both carbon samples fits a pseudo second-order model. Conclusions. The activated carbon obtained from the manioc husk can be considered an efficient adsorbent for the removal of dye

    Discoloration of wastewater from a paint industry by the microalgae Chlorella sp

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    ABSTRACT Objective. Decoloring wastewater from a paint factory making use ofChlorella sp., microalgae as a biological way of treatment. Materials and methods. Samples of this microalgae previously cultivated with nourishing fertilizer under photoperiods of light and darkness were taken to test the microalgae Chlorella sp., initial concentration effect in the bioremoval process. For this purpose, it was cultivated in 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30 units of absorbance in bioreactors with 200 mL wastewater with and without nutrients. The biotest with the best rate of colour removal was chosen and the DBO5 and DQO were marked out. The immobilized Chlorella sp., in kappa carrageenan was also tested. Results. In the tests colour decrease percentage were 81.7, 69.7 and 58.3% without nutrients in the initial concentrations of 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30 units of absorbance respectively and 72.6, 69.0 and 86.8% for 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30 units of absorbance with nutrients respectively in the day of maximum growth. The immobilized microalgae score were 72.60% and 78.36% of color removal for 0.4 and 1.6 units of absorbance respectively. The higher colour removal test score was that with nutrients at 0.30 units of absorbance with several changes in DBO5 and DQO values. Conclusion. The biological wastewater treatment making use of Chlorella sp., microalgae can be considered as an effective choice in decolorating wastewater.RESUMEN Objetivo. Decolorar aguas residuales obtenidas de una empresa de pinturas, empleando la microalga Chlorella sp., como medio biol贸gico de tratamiento. Materiales y m茅todos. Muestras de la microalga previamente cultivada con fertilizante como nutriente y fotoperiodos de luz y oscuridad, se tomaron para evaluar el efecto de la concentraci贸n inicial de la microalga Chlorella sp., en el proceso de bioremoci贸n. Para tal fin, esta se cultiv贸 a 0.10, 0.20 y 0.30 unidades de absorbancia en biorreactores con 200 mL de aguas residuales en presencia y ausencia de nutrientes. Se seleccion贸 el bioensayo con mejores porcentajes de remoci贸n del color y se le determin贸 el DBO5 y DQO. Chlorella sp., inmovilizada en kappa carragenina tambi茅n se estudi贸. Resultados. Los porcentajes de reducci贸n de color de los bioensayos en ausencia de nutrientes fueron de 81.7, 69.7 y 58.3% para las concentraciones iniciales de 0.10, 0.20 y 0.30 unidades de absorbancia respectivamente y en presencia de nutrientes fueron 72.6, 69.0 y 86.8% para 0.10, 0.20 y 0.30 unidades de absorbancia respectivamente, en el d铆a de m谩ximo crecimiento. Los resultados de la microalga inmovilizada fueron de 72.60% y 78.36% de remoci贸n del color para 0.4 y 1.6 unidades de absorbancia respectivamente. El bioensayo con mayor rendimiento de remoci贸n fue el realizado en presencia de nutrientes a 0.30 unidades de absorbancia con cambios importantes en los valores de DBO5 y DQO. Conclusi贸n. El tratamiento biol贸gico de aguas empleando la microalga Chlorella sp., puede considerarse una alternativa eficaz en la decoloraci贸n de aguas residuales

    Equilibrio, cin茅tica y termodin谩mica de la adsorci贸n del colorante DB-86 sobre carb贸n activado de la c谩scara de yuca

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    ABSTRACT Objective. To establish by means of experimenting by batch the capacity of removal, the kinetics and adsorption thermodynamics of activated carbon prepared from manioc husk (Manihot esculenta) in the removal of direct blue 86 dye. Materials and methods. Firstly, the experimental methodology worked on the preparation of activated carbon by chemical activation of manioc husk with H3PO4 calcined at 530掳C. In the characterization the texture properties were determined by means of the blue methylene and iodine indices, the basic and acidic functional groups were quantified by the Boehm method, and the proximate analyses were done following the norms ASTM D2867-70, ASTM D2866 and ASTM D2866-94. During the batch studies, the effect of several parameters over the adsorption capacity was evaluated: pH (2, 4, 8 and 10), temperature (25, 30 and 40掳C) and initial concentration of the dye (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/L). Both physicochemical and adsorption characteristics of the activated carbon from manioc husk (CAY) were compared against those of a commercial brand (CAM). Results. The results of characterization showed that both carbons have a chemistry heterogeneous surface, acidic for CAY and basic for CAM. The maximum capacity obtained was 6.1 mg/g for CAY and 3.7 mg/g for CAM. The thermodynamic calculations showed that the removal was spontaneous. The kinetics for both carbon samples fits a pseudo second-order model. Conclusions. The activated carbon obtained from the manioc husk can be considered an efficient adsorbent for the removal of dyes.RESUMEN Objetivo. Establecer mediante experimentos por lote la capacidad de remoci贸n, la cin茅tica y termodin谩mica de adsorci贸n del carb贸n activado preparado a partir de la c谩scara de yuca (Manihot esculenta) en la remoci贸n del colorante azul directo 86. Materiales y m茅todos. La metodolog铆a experimental consisti贸 inicialmente en la preparaci贸n del carb贸n activado por activaci贸n qu铆mica de la c谩scara de yuca con H3PO4 y su posterior calcinaci贸n a 530掳C. En la caracterizaci贸n se determinaron las propiedades de textura mediante el 铆ndice de yodo e 铆ndice de azul de metileno, se cuantificaron los grupos funcionales org谩nicos 谩cidos y b谩sicos con el m茅todo Boehm, y se realiz贸 el an谩lisis pr贸ximo siguiendo las normas ASTM D-2867-70, ASTM D2866 y ASTM D2866-94. En el estudio por lote, el efecto de varios par谩metros sobre la capacidad de adsorci贸n fueron evaluados: el pH (2, 4, 8 y 10), la temperatura (25, 30 y 40掳C) y la concentraci贸n inicial de colorante (20, 40, 60, 80 y 100 mg/L). Tanto las caracter铆sticas fisicoqu铆micas como los ensayos de adsorci贸n del carb贸n activado preparado a partir de la c谩scara de yuca (CAY) fueron comparadas con otro de marca comercial (CAM). Resultados. Los resultados de la caracterizaci贸n indican que ambos carbones tienen una qu铆mica de superf铆cie heterog茅nea, de naturaleza 谩cida para el CAY y b谩sica para el CAM. La m谩xima capacidad obtenida fue 6.1 mg/g para el CAY y de 3.7 mg/g para el CAM. Los c谩lculos termodin谩micos indican que la remoci贸n es espont谩nea y para ambos carbones la cin茅tica se ajusta al modelo de pseudo segundo orden. Conclusiones. El carb贸n activado obtenido a partir de la c谩scara de yuca puede considerarse un adsorbente eficiente en la remoci贸n de colorantes

    Conceptual approach to thermal analysis and its main applications

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    This work shows to the reader a general description about the techniques of classic thermal analysis as known as Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis. These techniques are very used in science and material technologies (metals, metals alloys, ceramics, glass, polymer, plastic and composites) with the purpose of characterizing precursors, following and control of process, adjustment of operation conditions, thermal treatment and verifying of quality parameters
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