A modular radiative transfer program for gas filter correlation radiometry

The fundamentals of a computer program, simulated monochromatic atmospheric radiative transfer (SMART), which calculates atmospheric path transmission, solar radiation, and thermal radiation in the 4.6 micrometer spectral region, are described. A brief outline of atmospheric absorption properties and line by line transmission calculations is explained in conjunction with an outline of the SMART computational procedures. Program flexibility is demonstrated by simulating the response of a gas filter correlation radiometer as one example of an atmospheric infrared sensor. Program limitations, input data requirements, program listing, and comparison of SMART transmission calculations are presented

The Probabilistic Representative Values

In this paper we define a new family of solutions for the class of cooperative games with transferable utility, in which the set of players exhibits a structure of a priori unions.This family is deeply connected with the Shapley value for games with transferable utility but, moreover, we assume a solidarity strong connection among all the components of each union.As a consequence of this, they are disposed to delegate one coalition of members of the union to negotiate with the other unions, and, therefore, each union will have a representative coalition.Furthermore, three interesting solutions that belong to this family of values are studied, as well as the non cooperative selection of the best representative coalition for each union.TU-games with unions;Shapley value;representative coalition

Data reduction analysis and application technique development for atmospheric trace gas constituents derived from remote sensors on satellite or airborne platforms

The applicability of the gas filter correlation radiometer (GFCR) to the measurement of tropospheric carbon monoxide gas was investigated. An assessment of the GFRC measurement system to a regional measurement program was conducted through extensive aircraft flight-testing of several versions of the GFRC. Investigative work in the following areas is described: flight test planning and coordination, acquisition of verifying CO measurements, determination and acquisition of supporting meteorological data requirements, and development of supporting computational software

The Two-stage Constrained Equal Awards and Losses Rules for Multi-Issue Allocation Situation

This paper considers two-stage solutions for multi-issue allocation situations.Characterisations are provided for the two-stage constrained equal awards and constrained equal losses rules, based on the properties of composition and path independence.multi-issue allocation situations;constrained equal awards;constrained equal losses;two-stage solutions

Three field tests of a gas filter correlation radiometer

Test flights to remotely measure nonurban carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations by gas filter correlation radiometry are discussed. The inferred CO concentrations obtained through use of the Gas Filter Correlation Radiometer (GFCR) agreed with independent measurements obtained by gas chromatography air sample bottle analysis to within 20 percent. The equipment flown on board the aircraft, the flight test procedure, the gas chromatograph direct air sampling procedure, and the GFCR data analysis procedure are reported

Development of data processing, interpretation and analysis system for the remote sensing of trace atmospheric gas species

The major emphasis is on the advancement of remote sensing technology. In particular, the gas filter correlation radiometer (GFCR) technique was applied to the measurement of trace gas species, such as carbon monoxide (CO), from airborne and Earth orbiting platforms. Through a series of low altitude aircraft flights, high altitude aircraft flights, and orbiting space platform flights, data were collected and analyzed, culminating in the first global map of carbon monoxide concentration in the middle troposphere and stratosphere. The four major areas of this remote sensing program, known as the Measurement of Air Pollution from Satellites (MAPS) experiment, are: (1) data acquisition, (2) data processing, analysis, and interpretation algorithms, (3) data display techniques, and (4) information processing

The Colombian conflict: a description of a mental health program in the Department of Tolima.

Colombia has been seriously affected by an internal armed conflict for more than 40 years affecting mainly the civilian population, who is forced to displace, suffers kidnapping, extortion, threats and assassinations. Between 2005 and 2008, Médecins Sans Frontières-France provided psychological care and treatment in the region of Tolima, a strategic place in the armed conflict. The mental health program was based on a short-term multi-faceted treatment developed according to the psychological and psychosomatic needs of the population. Here we describe the population attending during 2005-2008, in both urban and rural settings, as well as the psychological treatment provided during this period and its outcomes.We observed differences between the urban and rural settings in the traumatic events reported, the clinical expression of the disorders, the disorders diagnosed, and their severity. Although the duration of the treatment was limited due to security reasons and access difficulties, patient condition at last visit improved in most of the patients. These descriptive results suggest that further studies should be conducted to examine the role of short-term psychotherapy, adapted specifically to the context, can be a useful tool to provide psychological care to population affected by an armed conflict

Hopf bifurcations to quasi-periodic solutions for the two-dimensional plane Poiseuille flow

This paper studies various Hopf bifurcations in the two-dimensional plane Poiseuille problem. For several values of the wavenumber $\alpha$, we obtain the branch of periodic flows which are born at the Hopf bifurcation of the laminar flow. It is known that, taking $\alpha\approx1$, the branch of periodic solutions has several Hopf bifurcations to quasi-periodic orbits. For the first bifurcation, previous calculations seem to indicate that the bifurcating quasi-periodic flows are stable and go backwards with respect to the Reynolds number, $Re$. By improving the precision of previous works we find that the bifurcating flows are unstable and go forward with respect to $Re$. We have also analysed the second Hopf bifurcation of periodic orbits for several $\alpha$, to find again quasi-periodic solutions with increasing $Re$. In this case the bifurcated solutions are stable to superharmonic disturbances for $Re$ up to another new Hopf bifurcation to a family of stable 3-tori. The proposed numerical scheme is based on a full numerical integration of the Navier-Stokes equations, together with a division by 3 of their total dimension, and the use of a pseudo-Newton method on suitable Poincar\'e sections. The most intensive part of the computations has been performed in parallel. We believe that this methodology can also be applied to similar problems.Comment: 23 pages, 16 figure

La Société de Saint-Vincent-de-Paul au xixe siècle (1833-1871). Un fleuron du catholicisme social. [Reseña]

Reseña de: Matthieu Brejon de Lavergnée, La Société de Saint-Vincent-de-Paul au XIXe siècle (1833-1871). Un fleuron du catholicisme social, Cerf, Paris 2008, IV + 713 pp

Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli-Giovanni XXIII. Pace e Vangelo. Agende del patriarca, 1: 1953-1955; 2: 1956-1958. [Reseña]

Reseña de: Enrico Galavotti (ed.), Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli-Giovanni XXIII. Pace e Vangelo. Agende del patriarca, 1: 1953-1955; 2: 1956-1958, Istituto per le Scienze Religiose, Bologna 2008, XXXIII + 696 pp.; XXXVI + 809 pp