MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications

Relatório estágio profissional

Relatório final do estágio profissionalizante do 6.º an

Tumor carcinóide do timo â Caso clínico

Resumo: Os tumores neuroendócrinos primários representam cerca de 4% do total dos tumores do mediastino anterior, incluindo o timo, afectando mais homens que mulheres numa razão de 3:1 e apresentando uma maior incidência entre os 40 e os 60 anos. Antigamente classificados como timomas, desde 1972 são considerados um grupo distinto de neoplasias tímicas, podendo ser biologicamente activos, estando sobretudo associados à síndroma NEM-1 (19 a 25% dos doentes, sendo nestes casos mais agressivos).São descritos como tendo grande progressão local, recorrência e metástases em elevada percentagem de casos, o que determina um mau prognóstico. O estadiamento é o parâmetro mais importante para determinar a sobrevida. Tumores detectados em fase precoce e capsulados associam-se a um excelente prognóstico, enquanto em estádios avançados, localmente invasivos, têm prognóstico relativamente pobre.A remoção cirúrgica completa, para todos os tumores tímicos, é a base da terapêutica e o factor crítico para a sobrevivência a longo prazo, independentemente do tipo histológico. São uma causa de morte importante, nomeadamente os tumores associados a NEM-1 e síndroma de Cushing, e há autores que defendem a realização de timectomia profiláctica nestes doentes.Rev Port Pneumol 2010; XVI (1): 177-185 Abstract: Primary neuroendocrine tumours (carcinoid tumours) account for about 4% of anterior mediastinal tumours concerning thymus localization. They appear to have a male predilection (3:1 ratio) and occur mostly between 40 and 60 years of age. Classified primarily as thymomas, they have been considered a different group of thymic neoplasia since 1972. They can be biologically active, mostly associated with MEN-1 (19-25% of patients and more aggressive in these cases).As a locally invasive disease, with recurrence and metastasis in a high percentage of cases, it correlates with a poor prognosis. Staging is the most important determinant of survival. Encapsulated tumours diagnosed in early stages have an excellent prognosis, while locally invasive tumours in more advanced stages have a relatively poor prognosis as happens with thymomas.Complete surgical removal is the critical factor for long-term survival rates and the basis for treatment of all thymic tumours, independent of histologic type. As an important cause of death, especially in carcinoid tumours associated with MEN-1 and Cushingâs syndrome, some authors advocate the need for profilactic thymectomy in these patients.Rev Port Pneumol 2010; XVI (1): 177-185 Palavras-chave: Timo, carcinóide, prognóstico, Key-words: Thymus, carcinoid, prognosi

Portugal, a country in transformation

This edition of Méditerranée dedicated to Portugal, reflects some of the main changes observed over the last fifty years in this southern European country, initially coinciding with the end of the dictatorship and the transition to democracy, then with its EU membership. The later half of the last century was marked by profound changes in Portuguese society, both in economic and political areas, the pace of these changes becoming quicker in the last quarter of the 20th century, with the end of the political regime in force until the revolution of 25 April 1974, when Portugal turned towards democracy, in line with the prevailing political orientation in Western Europe. After 1974, the Portuguese economy was very unstable, and very externally dependent, especially on its former colonies, which had meanwhile become independent. With the return of the Portuguese who had been living in these colonies, there was a rise in unemployment and various social problems emerged. On the other hand, with the loss of the colonial market, the country collapsed, giving rise to high inflation and leading to the devaluation of the Escudo, which obliged Portugal to turn towards the European market. Portugal’s bid to join the EEC was formalised in 1977, but was only officially accepted in 1986, after a transition period had begun, in which Portugal adapted to European directives. However, only later, in 2002, with the adoption of the Euro as a currency to replace the Escudo, did economic growth resume. However, this was short-lived due to the world crisis that started in the United States, in 2008, and which hit Portugal very badly, requiring quite some years for the country to free itself from the stagnation it had fallen into. In this context, the Portuguese geographic space underwent profound transformations in the last half century, particularly in terms of land usage, the growth of cities, depopulation of rural areas, education, health and other problems that created diverse socioeconomic dynamics. This issue aims to raise awareness of some of these problems that confronted Portuguese society and how it resolved them. In a first editorial draught, many more topics were considered than those presented here. This reduction managed to retain a degree of coherence between the number of articles and the number of pages allowed in each Méditerranée volume. For this reason we ended up by eliminating some aspects and grouping the others around three main themes, corresponding to other contemporary topics, each with four articles. The first section refers to some recent changes, undertaken from the desirable perspective of a sustainable environment, namely those related to changes in the use of forest areas and their consequences in terms of forest fires, and also those related to water and energy policies. The second group concerns the topic of development, both from a sociocultural and economic perspective, and received contributions on four different aspects: evolution of socioeconomic dynamics and sectors of activity, education and development, health, and tourism. The third section relates to territorial dynamics and deals with four more aspects, this time connected to low density territories, growth of cities and urbanization, alterations in mobility and human migration, and relations with Portuguese-speaking countries. As it was clearly not possible to condense all the geographic topics of interest that could be addressed in just one issue, we invited a number of specialists in the respective areas and who have in common the unusual characteristic of being members of CEGOT–Centre of Studies on Geography and Spatial Planning–, which brings together three Universities from the Centre and North of the country, more precisely Coimbra, Oporto and Minho. This issue will certainly not explore all the transformations that Portugal has gone through in this last half century, but we are in no doubt that this volume will make an effective contribution to the geographic study of many problems that Portuguese-speaking society has faced and how it has decided to resolve them. Esta edição da revista Méditerranée, dedicada a Portugal, reflete algumas das principais mudanças observadas ao longo dos últimos cinquenta anos neste país do sul da Europa, inicialmente coincidentes com o fim da ditadura e a transição para a democracia, a que se seguiu a sua integração na União Europeia. Assim, a última metade do século passado foi marcada pelo início de mudanças profundas na sociedade portuguesa, tanto na economia como na política, que se acentuaram substancialmente no último quarto do século XX, com o fim do regime político em vigor até à revolução de 25 de abril de 1974, quando se optou pela democracia, em consonância com a orientação política dominante na Europa Ocidental. Depois de 1974, a economia portuguesa era muito instável, com uma grande dependência externa, especialmente das antigas colónias, que entretanto se tornaram independentes. Com o retorno dos portugueses que residiam nessas colónias, houve um aumento no desemprego e vários problemas sociais. Por outro lado, com a perda do mercado colonial, o país entrou em colapso, dando origem a uma alta inflação e à desvalorização do escudo, o que obrigou Portugal a ter de se voltar para o mercado europeu. O pedido de adesão de Portugal à CEE foi formalizado em 1977, mas só foi oficialmente aceite em 1986, após o que se iniciou um período de transição, em que Portugal se foi adaptando às diretrizes europeias. Contudo, só mais tarde, em 2002, com a adoção do euro como moeda, em substituição do escudo, é que retomou o crescimento económico, mas que foi de curta duração, devido à crise mundial que começou nos Estados Unidos, em 2008, e acabou por afetar Portugal de forma muito significativa, sendo necessários alguns anos para que o país saísse da estagnação em que caiu. Neste contexto, o espaço geográfico português sofreu profundas transformações no último meio século, particularmente em termos do uso da terra, do crescimento das cidades, do despovoamento do território rural, da educação, da saúde e de outros problemas que geraram diversas dinâmicas socioeconómicas. Por isso, o objetivo deste número passa por dar a conhecer alguns desses problemas, com que a sociedade portuguesa se viu confrontada e a forma que encontrou para os solucionar. Num primeiro esboço de plano editorial, os temas considerados foram em maior número do que aqueles que se apresentam e essa redução teve a ver a necessidade de existir alguma coerência entre o número de artigos e o número de páginas da revista. Por essa razão acabámos por eliminar alguns aspetos e por agrupar os restantes em torno de três grandes eixos, correspondentes a outros tantos temas da atualidade, cada um deles com quatro artigos. O primeiro, refere-se a algumas mudanças recentes, levadas a efeito na desejável perspetiva do ambiente sustentável, designadamente àquelas que respeitam às alterações no uso do solo florestal e às suas consequências em termos de incêndios florestais, bem como as que interessam às políticas da água e da energia. O segundo grupo trata do tema do desenvolvimento, tanto na perspetiva social e cultural como na económica, e recolheu contribuições sobre quatro aspetos diferentes: a evolução das dinâmicas socioeconómicas e dos sectores de atividade, a educação e desenvolvimento, a saúde e o turismo. O terceiro grupo diz respeito às dinâmicas territoriais e trata mais quatro aspetos, desta vez ligados a territórios de baixa densidade, crescimento das cidades e da urbanização, alterações na mobilidade e na migração das populações, relações com os países lusófonos. É certo que não sendo possível condensar num único número todas as temáticas geográficas que, com interesse, nele poderiam ser abordadas, convidámos para autores alguns especialistas nas respetivas matérias e que têm em comum a particularidade de serem membros do CEGOT- Centro de Estudos de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território, que reúne três Universidades do Centro e Norte do país, mais precisamente de Coimbra, do Porto e do Minho. Estamos certos de que este número não tratará todas as transformações sofridas por Portugal neste último meio século, mas não temos dúvida de que será um excelente contributo para uma visão geográfica atualizada de muitos problemas que a sociedade lusófona enfrentou e das formas que equacionou para a sua resolução. Ce numéro de la revue Méditerranée dédié au Portugal se veut une réflexion sur les changements observés dans ce pays d’Europe du Sud au cours des cinquante dernières années, période qui coïncide avec la fin de la dictature et la transition vers la démocratie, puis avec l’intégration dans l'Union européenne. La dernière moitié du xxe siècle a été marquée par de profonds changements dans la société portugaise, tant en économie qu'en politique, phénomène qui s’est accéléré dans le dernier quart du xxe siècle, avec la fin du régime politique en vigueur jusqu'à la révolution du 25 avril 1974, lorsque la démocratie a été adoptée, conformément à l'orientation politique dominante en Europe occidentale. Après 1974, l'économie portugaise a manifesté une forte instabilité, avec une grande dépendance extérieure, en particulier vis-à-vis des anciennes colonies devenues indépendantes. Avec le retour des Portugais de ces colonies, le chômage s’est développé et de nombreux problèmes sociaux sont apparus. D'autre part, avec la perte du marché colonial, le pays s'est effondré, donnant lieu à une forte inflation et à la dévaluation de l’escudo, qui a forcé le Portugal à se tourner vers le marché européen. La demande d'adhésion du Portugal à la CEE a été formalisée en 1977, mais n'a été officiellement acceptée qu'en 1986 et une période de transition a commencé, au cours de laquelle le Portugal s'est adapté aux directives européennes. Cependant, ce n'est que plus tard, en 2002, avec l'adoption de l'euro comme monnaie, que le pays a repris le chemin de la croissance, pour une courte durée en raison de la crise mondiale de 2008 qui a fini par affecter le Portugal d'une manière très significative. Il a fallu plusieurs années pour que le pays sorte de la stagnation dans laquelle il s’était enlisé. Dans ce contexte, l'espace géographique portugais a subi de profondes transformations au cours du dernier demi-siècle, notamment en termes d'utilisation des terres, de croissance urbaine, de dépeuplement des zones rurales, d'éducation et de santé. Le but de ce numéro est d’analyser certains des problèmes auxquels la société portugaise a été confrontée et de déterminer comment elle a pu les résoudre. Dans une première ébauche de plan, les sujets abordés étaient plus nombreux que ceux présentés. La réduction du nombre de papiers s’est faite dans le respect d'une certaine cohérence thématique, en tenant compte des normes éditoriales de la revue. Pour cette raison, nous avons fini par éliminer certaines questions et avons regroupé les contributions restantes autour de trois axes principaux qui font écho à de nombreux problèmes actuels, chacun avec quatre articles. La première partie concerne les changements récents dans la perspective d'un environnement durable, en particulier les changements dans l'utilisation des terres forestières et leurs conséquences en termes des feux de forêts. Cette thématique intègre les politiques de l’eau et de l’énergie. Le deuxième groupe d’articles aborde la question du développement d'un point de vue social, culturel et économique, et recueille des contributions sur quatre aspects différents: évolution des dynamiques socio-économiques et des secteurs d'activité, éducation et développement, santé et tourisme. La troisième partie concerne les dynamiques spatiales et aborde quatre autres thématiques liées aux territoires de faible densité : croissance urbaine et urbanisation, mutation de la mobilité des populations et migrations, relations avec les pays lusophones. Il est impossible de condenser en un seul numéro tous les thèmes géographiques dignes d’intérêt. Les auteurs qui ont participé à ce travail ont en commun d'être membres du CEGOT (Centre d’études en géographie et planification territoriale), qui réunit trois universités du centre et du nord du pays, plus précisément Coimbra, Porto et Minho. Si nous ne pouvons évidemment traiter tous les changements que le Portugal a connus au cours du dernier demi-siècle, nous sommes certains que ce numéro contribuera efficacement au renouvellement des recherches géographiques sur ce pays