Salud pública y poder en México durante el Cardenismo, 1934-1940

Los historiadores han identificado tres etapas en el gobierno del general Lázaro Cárdenas (1934 y 1940): consolidación del poder cardenista frente a la estructura de poder previamente establecida, política nacionalista y reformista (que incluyó la reforma agraria y la nacionalización de los ferrocarriles y de la industria petrolera), y repliegue del reformismo ante la presión de los grupos conservadores y los países imperialistas. Este trabajo pretende identificar la influencia que tuvo en la salud pública mexicana cada una de dichas etapas, así como mostrar que en este periodo se dio el primer intento sistemático para establecer servicios permanentes de atención médica en las zonas rurales del país

Médicos del México decimonónico : entre el control estatal y la autonomía profesional

El trabajo analiza las contradicciones que los médicos mexicanos del siglo XIX tuvieron con el Estado en su búsqueda de autonomía profesional. Estos facultativos se resistieron con frecuencia a la asistencia obligatoria a todos los enfermos y la gratuita a los pobres, la exigencia de adhesión a ideologías políticas, el control estatal de la enseñanza médica, la acción penal en casos de responsabilidad profesional y la invalidación del secreto médico, así como la libertad de profesiones. El artículo da cuenta de la influencia del poder político sobre el trabajo de los facultativos, y proporciona elementos para entender las limitaciones y alcances del poder de la profesión médica

Nacimiento y muerte de una profesión : las parteras tituladas en México

En el trabajo se aborda el surgimiento y desarrollo de la partería profesional en México. Se sostiene que esta carrera fue creada en el siglo XIX por la profesión médica como medio de eliminar a las parteras tradicionales y de acceder a las embarazadas, parturientas y puérperas. La relación entre médicos y parteras no estuvo nunca exenta de contradicciones, pero éstas se agudizaron a partir de la instauración de la ginecología como especialidad en México. En el siglo XX, los médicos limitaron de manera creciente el campo de actividad de las parteras tituladas, y promovieron en cambio la instrucción de las parteras tradicionales, hasta que la partería profesional fue eliminada

Conocimiento matemático sobre cuadriláteros en estudiantes para maestro

Se analiza el conocimiento matemático sobre cuadriláteros de los estudiantes de segundo curso del Grado en Educación Primaria de la Universidad de Sevilla. Utilizamos el marco teórico del Conocimiento Especializado del Profesor de Matemáticas (MTSK), originando una serie de indicadores, que ponen en evidencia importantes deficiencias aunque también alguna fortaleza relativa a este conocimiento. Como debilidades destacamos el poder distractor de la imagen prototípica, la falta de comprensión de definiciones no estándares y la dificultad en el manejo de la clasificación inclusiva; como fortaleza podemos señalar el uso correcto de representación prototípica

Interplay between glucose and palmitate uptake in breast carcinoma in vitro

One of the most studied tumor cells lines in vitro is the breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cell line. Several studies have proved its glycolytic profile, namely known as the Warburg effect. Glutamine oxidation is also important for its metabolism. Nevertheless, the use of fatty acids for obtaining energy in these cells is still rising. Palmitic acid is the most common saturated fatty acid, containing sixteen carbons in its structure. However, the use of palmitate for metabolic studies in MDA-MB-231 is not very extended due to its pro-apoptotic effect in this cell line after certain time exposure. Nonetheless, in this work we used palmitate as a metabolic fuel for just 30 minutes in order to see the almost immediate response of the cells to its presence, after a 30 minutes fast period. Our results show that MDA-MB-231 cells are not able of oxidizing palmitate nor producing lactate from it. Simultaneous presence of palmitate with glucose or with glutamine does not affect glucose nor glutamine uptake in these cells. However, we observed that even low concentrations of glucose increase palmitate uptake in MDA-MB-231 after a 30 minutes incubation. Treatment with 5 mM 2-deoxyglucose also for 30 minutes counters this rise, since 2-deoxyglucose diminishes palmitate uptake. Increasing glucose concentration to the same dosis of 2-deoxyglucose leads to a prevalence of the glucose effect on palmitate uptake. The exact role of glucose and glucose derivatives should be further studied in order to know more about palmitate metabolism in this cell line.Our experimental work is supported by grants BIO2014-56092-R (MINECO and FEDER) and P12-CTS-1507 (Andalusian Government and FEDER) and funds from group BIO-267 (Andalusian Government). The "CIBER de Enfermedades Raras" is an initiative from the ISCIII (Spain). This communication has the support of a travel grant "Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech"

Identification and characterization of new anti-angiogenic compounds from natural sources

The inhibition of angiogenesis has attracted broad attention in the field of pharmacological research, not only for cancer, but for other angiogenesis dependent diseases including ophthalmic, cutaneous and inflammatory diseases, as well as a number of rare diseases. Our research group has characterized multiple new natural bioactive compounds with multitargeted antiangiogenic effects by employing a well-established set of in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo preclinical models of angiogenesis. Most of them have been isolated from plants and terrestrial microorganisms, mainly due to their higher availability and because their therapeutic effects had been previously known in folk traditional medicines. In vitro primary screening includes cell differentiation and toxicity and proliferation assays. Secondary screening involves several experiments to evaluate effects on adhesion, migration, invasion, apoptosis or cell cycle analysis, among others. Additionally, we perform a further molecular characterization analyzing possible signaling pathways that are affected to elucidate their mechanism of action. The characterization is completed with the ex vivo aortic ring assay, and in vivo assays, as CAM and zebrafish assays, to ensure the anti-angiogenic ability. As a fruit of the mentioned screening, a number of compounds with remarkable anti-angiogenic activity have been identified and characterized.Our experimental work is supported by grants BIO2014-56092-R (MINECO and FEDER) and P12-CTS-1507 (Andalusian Government and FEDER) and funds from group BIO-267 (Andalusian Government). The "CIBER de Enfermedades Raras" is an initiative from the ISCIII (Spain)]. This communicaction has the support of a travel grant "Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech"

Fasentin, a glucose uptake inhibitor, is also able to inhibit angiogenesis

Es comunicación a congreso en formato pósterThe role of glucose on endothelial cell (EC) metabolism and angiogenesis has been an emerging issue in the last few years. Some inhibitors of glucose metabolism, such as 2-deoxyglucose, have been shown to have anti-angiogenic effects. Fasentin is a poor-studied inhibitor of glucose uptake which modulates GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 transporters in cancer cells. We wanted to test its possible effect on EC glucose uptake, showing a light decrease in HMEC at 100 µM. Lower doses did not affect this characteristic of glucose metabolism. In line with this fact, fasentin at 100 µM totally inhibited tube formation on Matrigel in these cells. This anti-angiogenic effect is not likely to be helped by a pro-apoptotic effect of fasentin but, as proved with additional assays, it could be due to a decrease on the signaling for extracellular matrix degradation. More research would be necessary in order to elucidate its fine regulation on angiogenesis and metabolism.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. [Our experimental work is supported by grants BIO2014-56092-R (MINECO and FEDER) and P12-CTS-1507 (Andalusian Government and FEDER) and funds from group BIO-267 (Andalusian Government). The "CIBER de Enfermedades Raras" is an initiative from the ISCIII (Spain). This communicaction has the support of a travel grant "Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech"]

Evaluation of the anti-angiogenic potential of hydroxytyrosol derivatives

Angiogenesis, a process which allows the formation of new vessels from pre-existing ones, is an essential phenomenon for tumor survival since it allows cancer cells to obtain nutrients and oxygen. This explains the increasing interest showed by many groups of research and pharmaceutical companies to find compounds with potential to disrupt at least one of the steps within the angiogenic process. Hydroxytyrosol (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl ethanol) has been identified as the most important health-related phenolic compound of virgin olive oil because of its pleiotropic effects on multiple targets. In 2012, our group identified hydroxytyrosol as an anti-angiogenic compound able to inhibit several key steps in the angiogenic process. In the present study, the potential effects of six hydroxytyrosol derivatives are tested and compared with those exhibited by hydroxytyrosol by making use of several in vitro and in vivo assays. Results indicate that these are candidate new anti-angiogenic compounds with potential utility in anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic therapies.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech [Our experimental work is supported by grants BIO2014-56092-R (MINECO and FEDER) and P12-CTS-1507 (Andalusian Government and FEDER) and funds from group BIO-267 (Andalusian Government). The "CIBER de Enfermedades Raras" is an initiative from the ISCIII (Spain)]. This communication has the support of a travel grant

El ecosistema programático. La nueva publicidad digital que conecta datos con personas

The programatic ecosystem. The new digital advertising that connects data with people. Programmatic advertising as a process capable of offering advantages for companies, combining audience data management with automation/technology and the human factor is analyzed. The starting premise is that in order to solve the problem of advertising saturation, contents has to be connected with the individuals, one by one and in real time. This work brings together the academic and professional knowledge to analyze the keys to this new form of digital advertising and its main challenges. There is also a focus on synergies between the information sciences and the future of programmatic advertising