Antropología de los problemas alimentarios contemporáneos : etnografía de la intervención alimentaria en la región de la Araucanía, Chile /

Consultable des del TDXTítol obtingut de la portada digitalitzadaLa investigación ha sido realizada en el periodo comprendido entre diciembre de 2002 - julio de 2004. Ha contado con tres fases de trabajo de campo en la novena región de Chile, a partir de las cuales ha sido posible construir una etnografía de la situación enunciada. Los objetivos e hipótesis de investigación contemplan preocupaciones de caracter teórico, metodológico y etnográfico, y han pretendido constatar la pertinencia del estudio antropológico de los fenómenos alimentarios, considerando las distintas tradiciones que le han conducido y los aportes diversos que este tipo de estudios puede generar. De esta manera, la investigación sostiene la tesis de que la antropología de la alimentación que puede analizar los problemas alimentarios que actualmente afectan a la población mapuche de la región de la Araucanía en Chile, es aquella que revisa sus fundamentos epistemológicos y políticos, y diseña una metodología que cubra las expresiones empíricas de tales fundamentos. En lo que respecta a la situación alimentaria de la población mapuche, sostiene que este ha venido siendo progresivamente desintegrado dada la naturaleza de las intervenciones que han introducido modificaciones estructurales e ideológicas en un nivel cultural y social. La intervención de ámbitos tales como la religiosidad, el ecosistema o contexto ecológico, y la organización sociopolítica mapuche, habría detonado las actuales condiciones de su sistema alimentario, sin desconocer la incidencia de otros tales como el económico y el médico. Finalmente, la investigación se proyecta a través del planteamiento de nuevas preocupaciones en el campo metodológico y teórico de la antropología contemporánea.The research has been carried out between December 2002 - July 2004. It has consisted in three fieldwork phases in the ninth region of Chile, from which has been possible to build an ethnography of the situation affecting the Mapuche. The aims and hypothesis of research take into account several worries of different nature: theoretical, methodological and ethnographic, and they have intended to verify the relevance of the anthropological study of issues related to food and eating, considering the different traditions through which it has been conducted and the contributions this orientation can generate. In this way, the research states that the anthropology of the diet analyzing the eating problems that at present affect the Mapuche in the region of the Araucanía in Chile, has to review its epistemological and political basis, and designs a methodology that covers the empirical expressions of such bases. As for the eating situation of the Mapuche, it has become progressively disintegrated given the nature of the interventions that have introduced structural and ideological modifications both at a social and cultural level. The intervention in areas such as the religious experience, the ecosystem or ecological context, and the social and political organization of the Mapuche, would have produced the present conditions of its eating system, without taking into account the impact of other factors such as the economic and the medical ones. Finally, the research is projected through the approach of new worries in the field of methodology and theory within contemporary anthropology

Escaping Antiangiogenic Therapy: Strategies Employed by Cancer Cells

Indexación: Web of ScienceTumor angiogenesis is widely recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer. Consequently, during the last decades the development and testing of commercial angiogenic inhibitors has been a central focus for both basic and clinical cancer research. While antiangiogenic drugs are now incorporated into standard clinical practice, as with all cancer therapies, tumors can eventually become resistant by employing a variety of strategies to receive nutrients and oxygen in the event of therapeutic assault. Herein, we concentrate and review in detail three of the principal mechanisms of antiangiogenic therapy escape: (1) upregulation of compensatory/alternative pathways for angiogenesis; (2) vasculogenic mimicry; and (3) vessel co-option. We suggest that an understanding of how a cancer cell adapts to antiangiogenic therapy may also parallel the mechanisms employed in the bourgeoning tumor and isolated metastatic cells delivering responsible for residual disease. Finally, we speculate on strategies to adapt antiangiogenic therapy for future clinical uses.http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/17/9/148

Multiple merging in the Abell cluster 1367

We present a dynamical analysis of the central ~1.3 square degrees of the cluster of galaxies Abell 1367, based on 273 redshift measurements (of which 119 are news). From the analysis of the 146 confirmed cluster members we derive a significantly non-Gaussian velocity distribution, with a mean location C_{BI} = 6484+/-81 km/s and a scale S_{BI} = 891+/-58 km/s. The cluster appears elongated from the North-West to the South-East with two main density peaks associated with two substructures. The North-West subcluster is probably in the early phase of merging into the South-East substructure (~ 0.2 Gyr before core crossing). A dynamical study of the two subclouds points out the existence of a group of star-forming galaxies infalling into the core of the South-East subcloud and suggests that two other groups are infalling into the NW and SE subclusters respectively. These three subgroups contain a higher fraction of star-forming galaxies than the cluster core, as expected during merging events. Abell 1367 appears as a young cluster currently forming at the intersection of two filaments.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures, 7 tables. Accepted for publication on A&A. High resolution figures at http://goldmine.mib.infn.it/papers/a1367.htm

Concentrations, Distributions and Chemical Speciation of Zinc and Cadmium in the Equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean

Certain trace metals are important cofactors in enzymatic systems and are thus, essential for life in the world\u27s oceans. Two of these metals, Zn and Cd, are required by phytoplankton for enzymes that facilitate carbon uptake (Morel and Price, 2003). In seawater the total dissolved concentration of a metal (MTD) is distributed among different chemical species and this chemical speciation dictates a metal\u27s bioavailability. Strong organic metal-binding ligands greatly affect the metal\u27s chemical speciation in the ocean, potentially limiting phytoplankton growth by reducing the concentrations of Zn2+ and Cd2+, the bioavailable forms of these two metals to levels below those required for optimal, or even minimal, growth (Ellwood, 2004). In this study, Zn and Cd concentrations, distributions and chemical speciation in the Equatorial and Western South Atlantic Ocean are discussed. The focus, initially on Zn and Cd and their complexing ligands, shifts from depth profiles to sources to processes to analysis of specific hot spots. ZnTD and CdTD profiles mimic silicate and phosphate. Three separate, metal-specific, complexing ligands for Zn and Cd are reported, thanks to the use of a novel mathematical tool (TDI). Notable features include potential regional influences on the ZnTD, CdTD and ligand distribution exerted on surface waters near the Amazon River plume and on subsurface waters by a hypoxic region in the Equatorial Atlantic. As of water masses of more widespread distribution, the influence of factors like the Amazon River particles/Equatorial area high productivity on intermediate water masses and the Congo River shelf matter on deep water masses show high ZnTD and CdTD and very high ligand concentrations (L), in contrast to the ZnTD and silicate rich water masses originated near the Southern Ocean. The ZnTD/silicate ratios show the widespread presence of a ZnTD subsurface local maximum, suggesting Zn regeneration linked to grazing. A study of the ligand suggests some of them are related to primary productivity and some are related to grazing. Some ligands are very refractory and others are transported in intermediate and deep water masses as both their concentrations and binding strengths (logK) decrease as they age (estimated residence time ∼ 130 years), suggesting potential global distributions of a consortium of decaying ligands. The chemical speciation and bioavailability of Zn and Cd are compared with some inferred Co speciation data. This region of the Atlantic Ocean is not prone to limitation due to the sufficient concentration of free Zn2+ in surface waters, in contrast to regions where intermediate and deep waters are to upwell, which could show limitation due to low Zn2+ and Cd2+

Big Data on Decision Making in Energetic Management of Copper Mining

Indexado en: Web of Science; Scopus.It is proposed an analysis of the related variables with the energetic consumption in the process of concentrate of copper; specifically ball mills and SAG. The methodology considers the analysis of great volumes of data, which allows to identify the variables of interest (tonnage, temperature and power) to reach to an improvement plan in the energetic efficiency. The correct processing of the great volumen of data, previous imputation to the null data, not informed and out of range, coming from the milling process of copper, a decision support systems integrated, it allows to obtain clear and on line information for the decision making. As results it is establish that exist correlation between the energetic consumption of the Ball and SAG Mills, regarding the East, West temperature and winding. Nevertheless, it is not observed correlation between the energetic consumption of the Ball Mills and the SAG Mills, regarding to the tonnages of feed of SAG Mill. In consequence, From the experimental design, a similarity of behavior between two groups of different mills was determined in lines process. In addition, it was determined that there is a difference in energy consumption between the mills of the same group. This approach modifies the method presented in [1].(a)http://www.univagora.ro/jour/index.php/ijccc/article/view/2784/106

Intelligent Packaging Systems: Sensors and Nanosensors to Monitor Food Quality and Safety

Indexación: Web of Science y Scopus.The application of nanotechnology in different areas of food packaging is an emerging field that will grow rapidly in the coming years. Advances in food safety have yielded promising results leading to the development of intelligent packaging (IP). By these containers, it is possible to monitor and provide information of the condition of food, packaging, or the environment. This article describes the role of the different concepts of intelligent packaging. It is possible that this new technology could reach enhancing food safety, improving pathogen detection time, and controlling the quality of food and packaging throughout the supply chain.https://www.hindawi.com/journals/js/2016/4046061/cta