Análisis de la eficiencia de las empresas lecheras de Corrientes

El objeto de estudio del presente trabajo ha sido la eficiencia de una empresa lechera de la provincia de Corrientes en Argentina. Como objetivo general nos propusimos determinar los factores que influyen en la eficiencia de la misma. Tomamos un caso y establecimos como objetivos específicos describir las características del mismo, determinar las unidades de decisión eficientes e ineficientes, e identificar las causas que generaron esas diferencias.! Desde el punto de vista de los objetivos intrínsecos de la investigación, la misma fue descriptiva; desde los extrínsecos, pura. Según la fuente de los datos, bibliográfica y de campo. De acuerdo con la variable tiempo, longitudinal y desde el enfoque epistemológico, cuantitativa.! Teniendo en cuenta los objetivos fijados, concluimos afirmando que existen diversos factores que influyen en la eficiencia de este tipo de empresas, tales como pasturas, clima, biotipo animal utilizado, sanidad del mismo, ciclo de pariciones, desventajas competitivas que existen para los productores de la zona respecto aquellos ubicados en las principales cuencas lecheras del país, manejo del ganado, vientres totales, vientres en ordeñe y litros de leche. A través de la aplicación del análisis envolvente de datos, técnica de investigación operativa, pudimos determinar que la eficiencia del caso estudiado estu- vo acompañada por la relación existente entre la cuantía de vientres totales y el número de vientres en ordeñe.The study object of this thesis was the efficiency of a dairy company in the province of Corrientes. As a general objective we attempt to determine the factors that influence into its efficiency. We set a case and establish as specific objectives to describe its characteristics, to determine the efficient and inefficient decision units, and to identify the causes that generated those differences.! According to the intrinsic goals of the investigation, it was descriptive, from the extrinsic, pure. According to the data source, it was a literature and field research. Continuing with the time variable, it was longitudinal and from the epistemological approach, quantitative.! Considering all the objectives established, we conclude by stating that there are several factors that influence into these kind of businesses efficiency. Those are: grazing, climate, animal biotype used, its health, calving cycle, competitive disadvantages that exist for local producers in comparison to those that are located in the main dairy regions of the country, livestock management, total cows, total cows that are able to be milked and gallons of milk. With the application of data envelopment analysis, an operative investigation technique, we determined that the efficiency of the case studied is related to the relation between the quantity of total cows and the numbers of cows that are able to be milke

Metabolomics of dietary fatty acid restriction in patients with phenylketonuria

Patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) have to follow a lifelong phenylalanine restricted diet. This type of diet markedly reduces the intake of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids especially long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). Long-chain saturated fatty acids are substrates of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation for acetyl-CoA production. LC-PUFA are discussed to affect inflammatory and haemostaseological processes in health and disease. The influence of the long term PKU diet on fatty acid metabolism with a special focus on platelet eicosanoid metabolism has been investigated in the study presented here. 12 children with PKU under good metabolic control and 8 healthy controls were included. Activated fatty acids (acylcarnitines C6-C18) in dried blood and the cholesterol metabolism in serum were analyzed by liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Fatty acid composition of plasma glycerophospholipids was determined by gas chromatography. LC-PUFA metabolites were analyzed in supernatants by LC-MS/MS before and after platelet activation and aggregation using a standardized protocol. Patients with PKU had significantly lower free carnitine and lower activated fatty acids in dried blood compared to controls. Phytosterols as marker of cholesterol (re-) absorption were not influenced by the dietary fatty acid restriction. Fatty acid composition in glycerophospholipids was comparable to that of healthy controls. However, patients with PKU showed significantly increased concentrations of y-linolenic acid (C18:3n-6) a precursor of arachidonic acid. In the PKU patients significantly higher platelet counts were observed. After activation with collagen platelet aggregation and thromboxane B(2) and thromboxane B(3) release did not differ from that of healthy controls. Long-term dietary fatty acid restriction influenced the intermediates of mitochondrial beta-oxidation. No functional influence on unsaturated fatty acid metabolism and platelet aggregation in patients with PKU was detected

Un ejemplo del valor agregado que aportan las TIC en la Educación Universitaria

El mundo actual, con cambios permanentes que con llevan adelantos científicos y tecnológicos, nos obliga a delinear nuevas estrategias educativas para mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, brindando a nuestros alumnos las herramientas informáticas que les permitirán plantear y resolver modelos que representen situaciones reales, transformando la realidad económica en la búsqueda de la optimización de la labor que desarrollen en el mundo de los negocios. Al enseñar contenidos de los programas de las distintas asignaturas del área matemática, las TIC (tecnologías de la información y de las comunicaciones) constituyen un recurso didáctico valioso, potente, que favorece el estudio independiente y eficiente para alcanzar los objetivos que nos planteamos en las planificaciones de cada curso de Matemática. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar al lector como el uso de las TIC en la educación universitaria genera un valor agregado que beneficia al proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje. Mediante la descripción de un ejemplo de la unidad de programación lineal se permite apreciar las formas en que las herramientas informáticas aportan un valor (al que llamamos valor agregado) al suceso de elaborar y asimilar conocimientos

Medición de la eficiencia en la gestión de una administración de una empresa constructora

Nowadays, Construction firms face the challenge of strong and continuous changes.These changes are related to environment, social, technological media, new regularization and legislation, capital resources, among others. A high competitiveness comes from the market trends toward globalization and the use of new models of behaviour based on management knowledge. Therefore, it is important to make decisions in order to adapt to this changing and complex world. Organizations' leaders must seek customer satisfactionfollowing strategic planning to minimize costs, differentiate products and segmentcustomers.The objective of this work is to evaluate the efficiency in managing of a construction company in Resistencia, Chaco. The data used for the analysis were extracted from the balance sheets of ten periods of the studied company, obtained under confidential conditions.The methodology used was the case study, applying the Mathematical Model DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) and the ACP Statistics (Principal Component Analysis) model. First, we have considered the results arising from the application of DEA model on theoriginal data extracted from the financial statements of the company. Second, the data structure was modified by the principal components method obtained from the GPA model.Both analyses used the same inputs while the output was varied. The first case was the item "Total Result" and the second case, the item "Sales". The software used were: Frontier Analyst for the DEA and Statgraphics for the ACP.As a result of the application of these models, it was concluded that the company suffered loss of profitability (efficiency) steadily since 2007.The results were confirmed by the feedback from the directors of the company, who also stated that directly analysing the indicators of financial statements that actual loss of efficiency was not appreciated.Las empresas constructoras se enfrentan más que nunca al reto de asimilar fuertes y continuos cambios, no sólo del entorno, sino también sociales, medios tecnológicos, nuevas regularizaciones y legislaciones, recursos de capital, entre otros. En este contexto, existe una elevada competitividad que deriva, precisamente, de la evolución de los mercados hacia la globalización y a la adopción, por parte de las empresas, del nuevo modelo de comportamiento basado en la gestión del conocimiento. Por ello es necesario tomar decisiones dentro del ámbito empresarial para poder adaptarse a este cambiante y complejo mundo. Quienes conducen las organizaciones deben buscar la satisfacción del cliente siguiendo un planeamiento estratégico que tenga como meta minimizar los costos, diferenciar los productos y segmentar la clientela.El objetivo de este trabajo fue medir la eficiencia en la gestión de administración de una empresa constructora de la ciudad de Resistencia, Chaco. Los datos para llevar a cabo el análisis fueron extraídos de los balances de diez ejercicios económicos de la empresa estudiada, obtenidos bajo condiciones de confidencialidad. La metodología empleada fue el estudio de caso, utilizando el Modelo Matemático DEA (Análisis Envolvente de Datos) y el Modelo Estadístico ACP (Análisis de Componentes Principales). Se han considerado los resultados surgidos de la aplicación del Modelo DEA, en primer lugar, sobre los datos originales extraídos de los Estados Contables de la empresa y en segundo lugar, sobre las componentes principales obtenidas de la aplicación del Modelo ACP. En ambos análisis se utilizaron los mismos inputs y se varió el output, tomando para un primer caso el rubro Resultado Total y para el segundo caso, el de Ventas. Los softwares empleados fueron: Frontier Analyst para el DEA y Statgraphics para el ACP.Como resultado de la aplicación de los Modelos mencionados, se concluyó que la empresa en cuestión sufrió pérdida de rentabilidad (eficiencia) en forma sostenida a partir del año 2007, resultados confirmados por el feedback realizado con los directivos de la empresa, quienes manifestaron, asimismo, que analizando directamente los indicadores de los estados contables esta real pérdida de eficiencia no era apreciada

Psychological well-being of early and continuously treated phenylketonuria patients

Background Despite enormous advances in therapy, phenylketonuria (PKU) remains an incurable, inherited metabolic disease requiring life-long treatment with potential to negatively impact quality of life and psychological well-being. Therefore, the aim of this study was to screen early diagnosed and continuously treated children with PKU on psychological strengths and behavioral difficulties. Methods Evaluation of psychological strengths and behavioral difficulties in 49 patients with PKU (23f, 2-17 years) by Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; self-report 11-17 years and parent-report 2-17 years). Comparison to age, sex and BMI-matched healthy controls (n = 98; 46f). Results In patients with PKU and healthy controls median SDQ Total Difficulties Score and median scores of subscales were within the normal range in parent- and self-report, irrespective of sex and age group (children 2-10 years, adolescents 11-17 years). No influence of long-term metabolic control in PKU on SDQ could be revealed. The 2- to 10-year-old boys with PKU showed significantly higher scores in Prosocial Behavior compared to their healthy peers (P = .032). Likewise, adolescent boys with PKU showed fewer Conduct Problems (parent-report, P = .006). Adolescent girls with PKU rated themselves more often as abnormal in the subscale Emotional Problems compared to their healthy peers (P = .041). This subscale was also responsible for a significantly different Total SDQ Difficulties Score between patients and their parents' report (P = .008). Discussion SDQ represents a suitable instrument within the care for patients with PKU. Specific aspects, however, require separate consideration and evaluation with respect to this chronic disease. Special attention should be paid on adolescent PKU girls who seem to be at risk to develop emotional problem

Dos modelos para determinar la eficiencia de una empresa constructora

Para determinar e interpretar la eficiencia en la gestión de administración en una empresa constructora de la ciudad de Resistencia, Chaco, se aplicaron dos modelos, el ACP (modelo estadístico que consiste en el Análisis de las Componentes Principales) y el DEA (modelo matemático que radica en el Análisis Envolvente de Datos).La evaluación de la eficiencia relativa mediante la modelación DEA requiere, cuando las variables son numerosas, de un paso previo en el que se seleccionan las que se consideran más representativas respecto de esa evaluación, tanto para las entradas (inputs) como para las salidas (outputs). Ese paso previo se materializa mediante el ACP.To determine and interpret the efficiency in the management of a construction firm in the city of Resistencia, Chaco, two models were applied, the PCA (statistical model that consists of the Principal Component Analysis) and DEA (mathematical model that lies in the Data Envelopment Analysis).Assessing the relative efficiency by DEA modeling requires, when variables are numerous, a step in which you select those considered most representative for that evaluation, both for inputs (inputs) to the outputs (outputs). This step is implemented by the PCA

Genotype–phenotype correlations within the Geodermatophilaceae

The integration of genomic information into microbial systematics along with physiological and chemotaxonomic parameters provides for a reliable classification of prokaryotes. In silico analysis of chemotaxonomic traits is now being introduced to replace characteristics traditionally determined in the laboratory with the dual goal of both increasing the speed of the description of taxa and the accuracy and consistency of taxonomic reports. Genomics has already successfully been applied in the taxonomic rearrangement of Geodermatophilaceae (Actinomycetota) but in the light of new genomic data the taxonomy of the family needs to be revisited. In conjunction with the taxonomic characterisation of four strains phylogenetically located within the family, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of the whole proteomes of the sequenced type strains and established genotype–phenotype correlations for traits related to chemotaxonomy, cell morphology and metabolism. Results indicated that the four isolates under study represent four novel species within the genus Blastococcus. Additionally, the genera Blastococcus, Geodermatophilus and Modestobacter were shown to be paraphyletic. Consequently, the new genera Trujillonella, Pleomorpha and Goekera were proposed within the Geodermatophilaceae and Blastococcus endophyticus was reclassified as Trujillonella endophytica comb. nov., Geodermatophilus daqingensis as Pleomorpha daqingensis comb. nov. and Modestobacter deserti as Goekera deserti comb. nov. Accordingly, we also proposed emended descriptions of Blastococcus aggregatus, Blastococcus jejuensis, Blastococcus saxobsidens and Blastococcus xanthilyniticus. In silico chemotaxonomic results were overall consistent with wet-lab results. Even though in silico discriminatory levels varied depending on the respective chemotaxonomic trait, this approach is promising for effectively replacing and/or complementing chemotaxonomic analyses at taxonomic ranks above the species level. Finally, interesting but previously overlooked insights regarding morphology and ecology were revealed by the presence of a repertoire of genes related to flagellum synthesis, chemotaxis, spore production and pilus assembly in all representatives of the family. A rich carbon metabolism including four different CO2 fixation pathways and a battery of enzymes able to degrade complex carbohydrates were also identified in Blastococcus genomes

Protein Substitute Requirements of Patients with Phenylketonuria on BH4 Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The traditional treatment for phenylketonuria (PKU) is a phenylalanine (Phe)-restricted diet, supplemented with a Phe-free/low-Phe protein substitute. Pharmaceutical treatment with synthetic tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an enzyme cofactor, allows a patient subgroup to relax their diet. However, dietary protocols guiding the adjustments of protein equivalent intake from protein substitute with BH4 treatment are lacking. We systematically reviewed protein substitute usage with long-term BH4 therapy. Electronic databases were searched for articles published between January 2000 and March 2020. Eighteen studies (306 PKU patients) were eligible. Meta-analyses demonstrated a significant increase in Phe and natural protein intakes and a significant decrease in protein equivalent intake from protein substitute with cofactor therapy. Protein substitute could be discontinued in 51% of responsive patients, but was still required in 49%, despite improvement in Phe tolerance. Normal growth was maintained, but micronutrient deficiency was observed with BH4 treatment. A systematic protocol to increase natural protein intake while reducing protein substitute dose should be followed to ensure protein and micronutrient requirements are met and sustained. We propose recommendations to guide healthcare professionals when adjusting dietary prescriptions of PKU patients on BH4. Studies investigating new therapeutic options in PKU should systematically collect data on protein substitute and natural protein intakes, as well as other nutritional factors

Contrastación de valores de índices financieros con resultados de eficiencias relativas en una empresa constructora

El propósito del presente trabajo es realizar un análisis financiero de los Estados Contables de una empresa constructora de la ciudad de Resistencia, mediante el estudio de índices financieros-económicos cuantitativos para luego comparar ese análisis con el efectuado mediante el modelo matemático denominado Análisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA- Data Envelopment Analyst). Los Estados Contables considerados corresponden a seis Ejercicios Económicos y son utilizados para evaluar la marcha del negocio en su proceso de creación de valor. A partir del contraste entre los dos procedimientos empleados se determinan los períodos más eficientes así como las variables de mayor contribución en la ineficiencia de la gestión de administración