Raps som fodermedel till slaktkycklingar

Att tillgodose slaktkycklingens behov av protein och aminosyror är viktigt för att de ska kunna ut-nyttja sin genetiska tillväxtpotential med bibehållen hälsa. Rapsmjöl och rapsfrö har en aminosyra-sammansättning som motsvarar kycklingens behov och det är av intresse att granska om dessa råvaror kan ingå i slaktkycklingens foder i större utsträckning än vad som görs idag. Syftet med denna studie var därför att utvärdera hur 10 %, 20 % och 30 % inblandning av rapsfrö och rapsmjöl (förhållandet 1:5) påverkar parametrar såsom tillväxt, foderintag, foderomvandlingsförmåga, fothälsa, lever- och sköldkörtelvikt samt träckens och ströbäddens TS-innehåll. Totalt ingick 140 kycklingar i försöket jämnt fördelade i 20 burar med 7 djur i varje. Försöket innefattade fyra foderbehandlingar innehål-lande 0-30 % raps. Kontrollgruppen fick foder innehållandes 0 % raps under hela försöket (dag 0-35). Övriga grupper fick dag 0-10 ett foder innehållandes 10 % raps. Dag 10-35 fortsatte en grupp med 10 % raps medan de övriga två grupperna gavs foder innehållandes 20 % respektive 30 % raps. Foder-intag och levande vikt registrerades varje vecka. Övriga parametrar registrerades genom uppsamling och analys av träck och ströbädd, visuell bedömning av kycklingarna och genom dissektion. Resultatet visade att kycklingarna som åt fodren innehållandes raps växte sämre och att foderintaget även sjönk när rapsinblandningen var 20 eller 30 %. Foderomvandlingsförmågan var negativt påverkad hos de kycklingar som åt 10 och 30 % raps. Sköldkörtelns vikt ökade signifikant med ökad inblandning av raps men ingen skillnad i träckens eller ströbäddens TS eller djurens fothälsa kunde ses. Resultatet tyder på att rapsmjöl och rapsfrö kan påverka kycklingarnas tillväxt och foderintag negativt men att rapsinblandning inte påverkar ströbäddens kvalitet. På grund av att aminosyrainnehållet inte var det-samma i alla foder behövs dock vidare studier som undersöker hur kycklingens tillväxt påverkas av rapsinblandning.It is important to satisfy the chickens’ requirement of essential amino acids in order to be able to ex-ploit their genetic growth potential at retained bird health. Rapeseed meal and rapeseed have a compo-sition of amino acids corresponding to the needs of the chicken. Hence, it is of interest to assess if rapeseed meal and rapeseed can be included in chicken diets to a greater extent than is currently used. The purpose with this study was to evaluate how an inclusion of 10%, 20% and 30% rapeseed meal and rapeseed (1:5) affects production traits such as growth, feed intake, feed conversion ratio as well as foot health, dry matter of feces and litter, liver and thyroid weights. A total of 140 chicken, evenly distributed over 20 cages with 7 chickens per cage were included in the study. The control group re-ceived 0% rapeseed throughout the experiment (day 0-34). The other groups received day 0-10 a feed containing 10% rapeseed. Day 10-35, one group continued to receive the feed containing 10% rape-seed, while the other two groups was given a feed containing 20% or 30% rapeseed. Live weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were monitored every week. The other parameters were studied by collection and analysis of feces and litter, physical inspection of the chickens and through dissection of 7 organs. The result showed that the chickens given feed containing rapeseed had an inferior growth. The feed intake was lower for chickens given 20% rapeseed or more and the feed conversion ratio was worse at inclusion of 10% and 30% rapeseed. The thyroid weight increased with increasing rapeseed inclusion in the feed, but no difference in dry matter of feces and litter or foot health could be seen. The result suggests that rapeseed and rapeseed meal can negatively affect the growth and feed intake of the chicken, but not the quality of the litter. It is suggested that because the different feeds had dif-ferent amino acid content, more studies are needed to investigate how the growth of the chickens is affected by inclusion of rapeseed

"Vi vill älska varandra, men vi vet inte hur" En kvalitativ studie av den moderna kärleksrelationen och dess villkor.

In today´s society it seems to be increasingly hard to make long-term relationships last. Divorce statistics in Sweden show that almost half of the marriages today end in divorce (SCB, 2012). Why then is it so difficult to make love work? Are we just harder to please, or can the trend be understood on the basis of the modern society we live in, where self-fulfilment and individuality clash with the picture of the one great love? The purpose of this study was to examine the modern intimate relationship and its conditions. The empirical data consisted of extracts from a television show called “Couples in therapy”(translated title), depicting five couples as they undertook couples therapy. An instrumental case study was conducted, where the statements of the couples were used as an instrument to give a deeper understanding of modern intimacy. The results of the study suggests that intimate relationships serves as an important base for security and as a feeling of solidarity, as well as a ground for identity and self-exploration. The study highlights five main areas that proved to be difficult for the couples. Balance between freedom and closeness, endeavour towards self-fulfilment, and insufficient amount of time to form and practice intimacy, were all complicating factors in the relationships. The results also points towards a perception of the love relationship as one of the main sources of happiness. The significance ascribed to the relationship makes it complex, where a discrepancy between the ideal relationship and the reality serves a complicating factor

Två frivårdskontors syn på den procentuella skillnaden, vad gäller kontraktvårdsdomar

The aim of this paper is to spread some light over contract treatment from the perspective of the District Courts, Social Services and Probation Services, and understand the reason for local variation of the number of people sentenced to contractual treatment. Essential questions asked in this paper are; What advantages and disadvantages are known by the cooperating parties regarding contract treatment in comparison to prison? What parameters are considered when the cooperating parties decide upon contract treatment? What impact does the shared responsibility of cost have? What do the respondents think is the reason for the local variation? In order to answer the essential questions a qualitative and descriptive method has been used to highlight the main question of our study; What is the reason for the local variation in number of contract treatment sentences in Halmstad and Ystads district courts? The paper shows that the local variation between the Probation Services districts is dependent on the conditions to propose a contract treatment. In Halmstad it is not conditioned for the Probation Services to have a responsibility agreement with the Social Services to the same extent as for the Probation Services in Ystad

Foxe3 is required for morphogenesis and differentiation of the anterior segment of the eye and is sensitive to Pax6 gene dosage

AbstractThe dysgenetic lens (dyl) mouse mutant has mutations in Foxe3, which inactivate DNA binding by the encoded forkhead transcription factor. Here we confirm, by targeted inactivation, that Foxe3 mutations are responsible for the dyl phenotype, which include loss of lens epithelium; a small, cataractic lens; and failure of the lens to detach from the surface ectoderm. In contrast to a recent report of targeted Foxe3, we found no phenotypic difference between dyl and Foxe3−/− mutants when congenic strains were compared, and thus nothing that argues against Foxe3dyl being a null allele. In addition to the lens, most tissues of the anterior segment–iris, cornea, ciliary body and trabecular meshwork–are malformed or show differentiation defects. Many of these abnormalities, such as irido-corneal and irido-lenticular adherences, are present in a less severe form in mice heterozygous for the Foxe3 mutation, in spite of these having an intact lens epithelium. Early Foxe3 expression is highly sensitive to a halved Pax6 gene dosage and there is a striking phenotypic similarity between Pax6 and Foxe3 mutants. We therefore propose that many of the ocular malformations associated with Pax6 haploinsufficiency are consequences of a reduced expression of Foxe3

A Fair Share - Burden-Sharing Preferences in the United States and China

Using a choice experiment, we investigated preferences for distributing the economic burden of decreasing CO2 emissions in the two largest CO2-emitting countries: the United States and China. We asked respondents about their preferences for four burden-sharing rules to reduce CO2 emissions according to their country's 1) historical emissions, 2) income level, 3) equal right to emit per person, and 4) current emissions. We found that U.S. respondents preferred the rule based on current emissions, while the equal right to emit rule was clearly least preferred. The Chinese respondents, on the other hand, preferred the historical rule, while the current emissions rule was the least preferred. Respondents overall favored the rule that was least costly for their country. These marked differences may explain the difficulties countries face in agreeing how to share costs, presenting a tough hurdle to overcome in future negotiations. We also found that the strength of the preferences was much stronger in China, suggesting that how mitigation costs are shared across countries is more important there.Climate, burden-sharing, fairness, China, United States

Cookability of 24 pea accessions-determining factors and potential predictors of cooking quality

BACKGROUND: Cooking time and cooking evenness are two critical quantities when determining the cooking quality (termed cookability) of pulses. Deciphering which factors contribute to pulse cookability is important for breeding new cultivars, and the identification of potential cookability predictors can facilitate breeding efforts. Seeds from 24 morphologically diverse pea accessions were tested to identify contributing factors and potential predictors of the observed cookability using a Mattson cooker. Size- and weight-based measures were recorded, and seed-coat hardness was obtained with a penetrometer. Content of protein, starch (amylose and amylopectin), and phytate was also determined.RESULTS: Distinct differences were found between wrinkled and non-wrinkled seeds in terms of water-absorption capacity, seed-coat hardness, and plunger-perforation speed. Potential predictive indicators of cooking time and cooking evenness were seed-coat hardness (r = 0.49 and r = 0.38), relative area gained (r = -0.59 and r = -0.8), and percentage of swelled seeds after soaking (r = -0.49 and r = -0.58), but only for non-wrinkled seeds. Surprisingly, the coefficients of variation for the profile area of both dry and swelled seeds appeared to be potential cookability predictors of all pea types (correlation coefficients around r = 0.5 and supported by principal component analysis). However, no strong correlation was observed between cookability and protein, starch, or phytate levels.CONCLUSION: Using three types of instruments together with chemical components enabled the identification of novel cookability predictors for both cooking time and cooking evenness in pea. This study unveils the diverse quantitative aspects influencing cookability in pea. Considering both cooking time and cooking evenness, as well as seed-coat hardness, underscores the multifaceted nature of pulse cookability and offers important insights for future breeding strategies to enhance pea cultivars. (c) 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry

WRINKLED1 Is Subject to Evolutionary Conserved Negative Autoregulation

High accumulation of storage compounds such as oil and starch are economically important traits of most agricultural crops. The genetic network determining storage compounds composition in crops has been the target of many biotechnological endeavors. Especially WRINKLED1 (WRI1), a well-known key transcription factor involved in the allocation of carbon into oil, has attracted much interest. Here we investigate the presence of an autoregulatory system involving WRI1 through transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Different lengths of the Arabidopsis WRI1 promotor region were coupled to a GUS reporter gene and the activity was measured when combined with constitutive expression of different WRI1 homologs from Arabidopsis thaliana, oat (Avena sativa L.), yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.), and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). We could show that increasing levels of each WRI1 homolog reduced the transcriptional activity of the Arabidopsis WRI1 upstream region. Through structural analysis and domain swapping between oat and Arabidopsis WRI1, we were able to determine that the negative autoregulation was clearly dependent on the DNA-binding AP2-domains. A DNA/protein interaction assay showed that AtWRI1 is unable to bind to its corresponding upstream region indicating non-direct interaction in vivo. Taken together, our results demonstrate a negative feedback loop of WRI1 expression and that it is an indirect interaction most likely caused by downstream targets of WRI1. We also show that it is possible to release WRI1 expression from this autoregulation by creating semi-synthetic WRI1 homologs increasing the potential use of WRI1 in biotechnological applications

Осложнения желчекаменной болезни и причины летальности

ЖЕЛЧНЫХ ПУТЕЙ ХИРУРГИЧЕСКИЕ ОПЕРАЦИИ /ТЕНДЕНЦИИЖЕЛЧНОКАМЕННАЯ БОЛЕЗНЬ /ОСЛ /СМЕРТН /ХИРХОЛЕЦИСТИТ КАЛЬКУЛЕЗНЫЙ /ХИРЛАПАРОСКОПИЯВОЗРАСТНЫЕ ФАКТОР

AAPM WGDCAB Report 372: A joint AAPM, ESTRO, ABG, and ABS report on commissioning of model-based dose calculation algorithms in brachytherapy

The introduction of model-based dose calculation algorithms (MBDCAs) in brachytherapy provides an opportunity for a more accurate dose calculation and opens the possibility for novel, innovative treatment modalities. The joint AAPM, ESTRO, and ABG Task Group 186 (TG-186) report provided guidance to early adopters. However, the commissioning aspect of these algorithms was described only in general terms with no quantitative goals. This report, from the Working Group on Model-Based Dose Calculation Algorithms in Brachytherapy, introduced a field-tested approach to MBDCA commissioning. It is based on a set of well-characterized test cases for which reference Monte Carlo (MC) and vendor-specific MBDCA dose distributions are available in a Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine—Radiotherapy (DICOM-RT) format to the clinical users. The key elements of the TG-186 commissioning workflow are now described in detail, and quantitative goals are provided. This approach leverages the well-known Brachytherapy Source Registry jointly managed by the AAPM and the Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core (IROC) Houston Quality Assurance Center (with associated links at ESTRO) to provide open access to test cases as well as step-by-step user guides. While the current report is limited to the two most widely commercially available MBDCAs and only for Ir-based afterloading brachytherapy at this time, this report establishes a general framework that can easily be extended to other brachytherapy MBDCAs and brachytherapy sources. The AAPM, ESTRO, ABG, and ABS recommend that clinical medical physicists implement the workflow presented in this report to validate both the basic and the advanced dose calculation features of their commercial MBDCAs. Recommendations are also given to vendors to integrate advanced analysis tools into their brachytherapy treatment planning system to facilitate extensive dose comparisons. The use of the test cases for research and educational purposes is further encouraged