Expression of ESAM & VWF as angiogenesis marker in tumor growth and metastasis of carcinoma mammae

Proses pembentukan pembuluh darah baru (angiogenesis) merupakan tahapan yang penting dalam pertumbuhan tumor dan kemampuan untuk bermetastase ke tempat yang jauh. Endothelial cell-Selective Adhesion Molecule (ESAM) adalah protein yang ditemukan pada sel-sel endotel pembuluh darahVon Willebrand Factor (vWF) adalah glikoprotein plasma yang diproduksi oleh sel endotel dan megakariosit. Ki-67 adalah protein sel yang dikode oleh gen MKi-67 pada sel manusia dan berhubungan erat dengan proliferasi sel. Telah dilakukan pemeriksaan pada 79 sampel jaringan karsinoma mamma dan dilakukan perwarnaan secara immunohistokimia dengan antibodi ESAM, vWF dan Ki-67 untuk mengevaluasi jumlah pembuluh darah dan proliferasi sel. Dari 79 sampel yang diperiksa, didapatkan 31 (39%) tumor yang memiliki vaskularisasi kurang dan 48 (61%) tumor yang memiliki vaskularisasi banyak menurut ekspresi dari ESAM. Sementara berdasarkan ekspresi vWF didapatkan 34 (43%) tumor yang memiliki vaskularisasi kurang dan 45 (54%) tumor yang memiliki vaskularisasi yang banyak. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikant antara jumlah vaskularisasi menurut ekspresi ESAM dan vWF dalam tumor dan peningkatan jumlah sel yang terekspresi Ki-67 dengan ukuran/volume tumor. Hanya jumlah vaskularisasi menurut ekspresi ESAM yang memiliki hubungan signifikant dengan ada tidaknya metastasis ke pembuluh limfe. Terdapat pula hubungan yang signifikant antara peningkatan jumlah vaskularisasi dengan peningkatan jumlah sel yang mengekspresikan Ki-67. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa proses angiogenesis sangat penting dalam tahap pertumbuhan dan metastasis sel tumor dan ESAM maupun vWF juga berperan penting dalam proses angiogenesis pada karsinoma payudara. Namun, ESAM jauh lebih sensitif dibanding vWF dalam memprediksi ada tidaknya metastasis dari karsinoma payudara

COMPARISON OF BLEEDING TIME AND CLOTTING TIME IN WOMEN AGAINST ABO BLOOD TYPE

Kelompok darah ABO dan jenis kelamin yang berbeda dapat memberikan hasil yang berbeda dari waktu perdarahan dan waktu pembekuan. Kebaruan penelitian ini karena meneliti tentang perbandingan bleeding time dan clotting time pada wanita terhadap golongan darah ABO. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan waktu perdarahan dan waktu pembekuan pada wanita berdasarkan golongan darah ABO. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional dan sampel total 115 subjek. Pengukuran waktu perdarahan menggunakan metode duke, waktu pembekuan menggunakan metode slide dan golongan darah menggunakan metode aglutinasi slide. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji komparatif numerik dengan one way ANOVA, dilanjutkan dengan analisis post hoc untuk membandingkan waktu perdarahan dan waktu pembekuan antara golongan darah ABO. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan waktu perdarahan pada golongan darah B yang secara signifikan lebih lama dibandingkan golongan darah lainnya (p=0,001). Sementara itu, waktu pembekuan pada golongan darah B secara signifikan lebih lama dibandingkan golongan darah lainnya (p= 0,001). Kesimpulan bahwa wanita dengan golongan darah B memiliki waktu perdarahan dan waktu pembekuan yang jauh lebih lama daripada golongan darah lainnya.Kata Kunci: Waktu pendarahan; Waktu pembekuan; Golongan darah ABO. AbstractDifferent ABO blood groups and sexes can give different results from bleeding and clotting times. This study's novelty is that it examines the comparison of bleeding time and clotting time in women to the ABO blood type. This study aimed to compare bleeding and clotting time in women based on ABO blood type. This study is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design and a total sample of 115 subjects. Measure bleeding time using the duke method, clotting time using the slide method, and blood type using the slide agglutination method. This study used a comparative numerical test with a one-way ANOVA, followed by post hoc analysis to compare bleeding and clotting time between ABO blood types. This study showed that the bleeding time in blood type B was significantly longer than in other blood types (p=0.001). Meanwhile, the clotting time in blood type B is considerably longer than in different blood types (p= 0.001). In conclusion, women with blood type B have much longer bleeding and clotting times than other blood types.Keywords: Bleeding time; Freezing time; ABO Blood type.

STUDI IN SILICO POTENSI ANTI KANKER SENYAWA TURUNAN KUMARIN TERHADAP PROTEIN BCL-2

Mutasi pada protein anti-apoptosis BCL-2 merupakan salah satu penyebab terjadinya kanker payudara. Beberapa studi in vitro telah menunjukkan bahwa Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl, yang mengandung flavonoid, timohidrokuinon, terpenoid, karoten, vitamin C, stigmasterol, dan kumarin memiliki efek sitotoksik terhadap sel kanker payudara. Kumarin telah dilaporkan oleh berbagai penelitian berperan dalam berbagai jalur penghambatan terjadinya kanker. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan dan menilai docking dari turunan senyawa kumarin yang terdapat pada tanaman Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl, yakni ayapanin dan ayapin, terhadap protein BCL-2. Docking dilakukan dengan menggunakan program command Autodock Vina pada personal computer (PC) dengan sistem operasi Windows 10 64-bit. Struktur protein BCL-2 dengan kode PDB 6QGG diunduh dari RCSB Protein Data Bank dan struktur 3D dari ayapanin dan ayapin diambil dari situs PubChem. Proses moleculer docking dilakukan secara bertahap dari penyiapan ligan dan protein, validasi metode docking, proses docking, hingga analisis data. Energi ikatan yang diperoleh dari docking antara senyawa ayapanin dan ayapin terhadap protein BCL-2 adalah -6.3 kcal/mol dan -6.9 kcal/mol dibandingkan dengan energi ikatan ligan bawaan, yakni -10.3 pada kantung aktif yang sama. Dengan demikian, ayapanin dan ayapanin memiliki potensi sebagai senyawa inhibitor protein anti-apoptosis BCL-2

The Anti-inflammatory Effects of Hydrogen-Rich Water Acts in a Volume-Dependent Manner on Rats’ Lungs Exposed to Cigarette Smoke

Cigarette smoke can activate various ROS-sensitive signaling pathways in the lungs, triggering airway inflammation and leading to mucus hypersecretion. Meanwhile, hydrogen has shown anti-inflammatory activity in various injury models. This study aims to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of hydrogen-rich water on lungs exposed to cigarette smoke in rats. Male wistar rats were divided into four groups randomly (n=5), namely CI group (given aquades + exposed to free air), CII group (given aquades + exposed to cigarette smoke), HI group (given HRW 5 mL once a day + exposed to cigarette smoke), and HII group (given HRW 5 mL twice a day + exposed to cigarette smoke). HRW/aquades was administered orally 30 minutes before cigarette smoke exposure. Exposure to cigarette smoke lasts about 15-25 minutes with 5 cigarettes/day for 28 days. Subsequently, we examine the levels of lung NF-kB p65 using the ELISA method and perform pulmonary histopathological examination. The results showed that the administration of HRW reduced the levels of NF-κB p65 induced by cigarette smoke exposure, which is significant in the HII group (p<0.01). From the histopathological examination, administration of HRW significantly reduced the degree of lung inflammation caused by cigarette smoke exposure in the HI and HII group (p<0.05)

Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of High Grade Colorectal Adenocarcinoma at Hasanuddin University Hospital, Indonesia, 2015-2020

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. According to the type of histopathology, more than 90% of colorectal carcinomas are adenocarcinomas which are grouped into low grade and high grade based on their grading. Identification of characteristic groupings based on grading is still rarely done in Indonesia, especially in Makassar. This study aims to determine the clinical and pathological characteristics of high grade colorectal adenocarcinoma at Hasanuddin University Hospital, Makassar from January 2015 to December 2020. This study used a descriptive method. The sample used was a sample that was diagnosed histopathologically as high grade colorectal adenocarcinoma and met the inclusion criteria then selected by total sampling and also used data from medical records. The distribution of data in this study is classified based on age, gender, tumor location, clinical symptoms, and tumor stage. Descriptive statistical calculations were performed using SPSS 20 for Windows software. There were 98 samples, most of which were at the age of ≥50 years, as many as 32 samples (32.7%) with man as many as 60 samples (61.2%). The most common location was in the rectum as many as 38 samples (38.8%) with the most clinical symptoms were bowel disorders as many as 68 samples (69.4%) and stage 3 was the most cases with 35 samples (35.7%). &nbsp

Relationship between mitotic index and Ki67 expression in meningioma

Background: Meningioma is the most common primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor which covers 36.4% of all CNS tumors. Two important factors determining the prognosis of patients with a diagnosis of meningioma are the percentage of tumor resection and the degree of tumor histopathology. Because there are limitations to routine histopathological examination in predicting tumor progressivity, several examination techniques have been developed including cytogenetics and use of immunohistochemical examination.Method: Observational analytic study was carried out on 68 tumor samples in dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and the Makassar Pathology Diagnostic Center with diagnoses of meningioma from 2012-2018. The Sample size is determined by consecutive sampling method.Results: Sample Size were 68 people from Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and the Makassar Pathology Diagnostic Center with diagnoses of meningioma which fulfilled the inclusion criteria and consisted of 19(27.9%) men and 49 (72.1%) women with an average age of 42 years. The most common location of the tumor was in the convexity area with an incidence of 29.4%. Grade I meningioma was found 41.2%, grade II of 32.4% and grade III of 26.5%. In grade I, the mean mitotic index was 0.25, grade II was (7.4) and grade III was 22.75. In grade I, the mean Ki67 expression was 1.01%. The highest expression was obtained in grade III with amean of 14.8% and the highest expression was 53%. The Spearman’s rho test results between the mitotic index and Ki67 expression show that there is a positive correlation of 0.490, which means that there is a moderate correlation.Conclusion: IHC expression of Ki67 increases proportionally to the degree of histopathology of meningioma. There is a positive correlation of 0.490 which means that there is a moderate correlation between the mitotic index and Ki67 expression

Effect of administration of ajwa date extract on renal histopathological changes in meloxicam induced in rats

Objective: This study aimed to examine the nephroprotector effect of ajwa date extract on the kidneys of white rats induced by meloxicam. Methods: 25 male (Rattus norvegicus) rats weighing 200-300 g were divided into 5 groups (n = 5), namely group 1 healthy control without meloxicam and ajwa date extract, group 2 negative control with meloxicam 30mg/kgBB without ajwa dates, group 4 with ajwa date extract 150mg/kgBW and meloxicam 30mg/kgBW, and group 5 with ajwa date extract 300mg/kgBW and meloxicam 30mg/kgBW. The treatment was given for 14 days, on the 15th day a necropsy was performed to take kidney organs for microscopic evaluation or histipathological examination. Results: Meloxicam at a dose of 30mg/kgBW caused damage to the kidneys with observations of glomerular hemorrhage, tubular necrosis, hydropic degeneration and narrowing of the tubular lumen as well as narrowing of the capsular space with an average degree of damage reaching 75% while ajwa date extract doses of 150 and 300mg/kgBW has a nephroprotector effect against meloxicam induction. Conclusion: Ajwa date extract doses of 150 and 300mg/kgBW had a nephroprotector effect on meloxicam induction

Clinicopathological Profile of Colorectal Cancer Patients in Anatomical Pathology Department of Hasanuddin University Makassar

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men, the second in women, and it’s the second for leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with more than 1.2 million new cancer cases and 608,700 deaths. The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2018, explained that globally there were 1.80 million new cases of colorectal cancer diagnosed and 862,000 patients died of colorectal cancer. This study aims to define the epidemiological and clinicopathological characteristics of CRC with metastasize in Makassar. Retrospective study was performed used cross-sectional design included all patients diagnosed with colorectal adenocarcinoma with metastasize at Anatomical Pathology Laboratory Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo, Faculty of Medicine Hasanuddin University and Makassar Pathology Diagnostic Center, from January 2016 to December 2021. A total of 60 patients were included in this study, 45% were females and 55% were males. Samples with the age category <50 years were 13 samples (21.7%) and the age category > 50 years were 47 samples (78.3%). Based on the location of the tumor, the location of tumor in the right colon were 24 samples (40.0%), in the left colon were 14 samples (23.3%), and in the rectum were 22 (36.7%) samples. The low-grade colorectal adenocarcinoma group were consisted of 31 samples (51.7%) and 29 samples (48.3%) of the high-grade. Samples with positive lymphovascular invasion were 17 samples (51.7%) and 43 samples (71.7%) were negative.The depth of invasion were 28 samples (46.7%) at muscularis externa and 32 samples (53.3%) at serosa.   Colorectal adenocarcinoma is more frequent at the age more than 50 years old and right colon is the most affected sub site. The mean age at diagnosis was 57.2 years with male predominance. Most patients had low grade tumor, no lymphovascular invasion findings at microscopic and the depth of invasion reach the serosa. Lymph nodes is the most common metastatic site

Tumour-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

Several studies have indicated that lymphocytes found in tumour area, known as TILs (tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes), can provide prognostic information in colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate degree of stromal TILs  according to histological grading of CRC. This study used  a cross sectional design method by taking random samples of data and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded of colorectal adenocarcinoma patients treated in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and Hasanuddin University Hospital in Makassar during the period of 2014-2016. The histological grading of each sample was reviewed and  TILs were assessed according to recommendation of the International TILs Working Group, 2014 on hematoxylin-eosin (H-E)-stained sections. Based on histological grading it was found that from 98 samples, 23 samples (23.5%) were well-differentiated, 66 samples (67.3%) were moderately differentiated, and 6 samples were (9.2%) poorly differentiated. While based on degree of TILs found that low- and moderate-score were 38 (38.8%) and 42 (42.9%) samples respectively, and high-score were 18 (18.4%) samples. Data were analysed using the Chi-square test and a p value of 0.865 (p > 0.05) was obtained and therefore it was concluded that there was no significant difference of degree of TILs according to histological grading of colorectal adenocarcinoma in this study