79 research outputs found
Export Entry in Small Companies: Effecs of Timing on Strategy and Performance
New and small companies are increasingly active in exporting, but little is known about relationships between timing of this decision and international strategy. or performance. This exploratory study examines effects of early and late export entry on international strategy and performance in a sample of 134 exporting U S. manufacturers. Results show different patterns of international strategy are associated with early versus late export entry, and that depending on timing of this entry, certain strategies result in improved performance
The Impact of Resources on Small Firm Internationalization
Theory posits that resource type and composition determine a firm's geographic scope. To date, few studies test this premise. This article compares resource profiles of internationalized and non-internationalized small firms, then examines the impact of five types of resources on their internationalization strategies. Results show that resource profiles differ between internationalized and non-internationalized firms, and that social and financial resources are more important than human resources for small firms pursuing an internationalization strategy. For firms selling a greater variety of international products, achieved owner founder attributes need to be strong. Small firm managers should build a solid social network and develop international competencies if they plan to internationalize
Resources in Small Firms: An Exploratory Study
The importance of resources to firms is well documented in theory, texts and empirical studies. Yet, research focuses on acquisition of financial resources, with less attention given to other types. Prescriptions emphasize resource a/location or fit to opportunities, often treating resources in the aggregate without considering unique distinctions in resource types or usage. This paper argues that there are five distinct types of resources applicable to small firms- human, social, organizational, physical and financial. An exploratory study of 76 firms examines the relative importance of these resource types and analyzes relationships between resources and characteristics of the owner/founder and organization. Findings show overall higher ratings for physical and organizational resources than for financial resources. Results indicate few differences in resources depending on owner/founder characteristics or industrial sector
Gatekeepers of Venture Growth: A Diana Project Report on the Role and Participation of Women in the Venture Capital Industry
Based on 1995 and 2000 data and interviews with women venture capitalists, examines the factors that limit women's level of influence in the industry, women entrepreneurs' connections with venture capitalists, and investment in women-led businesses
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How to secure an innovation grant for firms in new industries? Gender and resource perspectives
Purpose
Research on financing for entrepreneurship has consolidated over the last decade. However, one question remains unanswered: how does the combination of external finance, such as equity and debt capital, and internal finance, such as working capital, affect the likelihood of grant funding over time? The purpose of this study is to analyse the relationship between different sources of financing and firms' ability to fundraise via innovation grants and to examine the role of female chief executive officer (CEO) in this relationship. Unlike equity and debt funding, innovation grants manifest a form of innovation acknowledgement and visibility, recognition of potential commercialization of inovation.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors use firm-level financial data for 3,034 high-growth firms observed in 2015, 2017 and 2019 across 35 emerging sectors in the United Kingdom (UK) to test the factors affecting the propensity of high-growth firms to secure an innovation grant as a main source of fundraising for innovation during the early stages of product commercialization.
Findings
The results do not confirm gender bias for innovation fundraising in new industries. This contrasts with prior research in the field which has demonstrated that access to finance is gender-biased. However, the role of CEO gender is important as it moderates the relationship between the sources of funding and the likelihood of accessing the grant funding.
Research limitations/implications
This study does not analyse psychological or neurological factors that could determine the intrinsic qualities of male and female CEOs when making high-risk decisions under conditions of uncertainty related to innovation. Direct gender bias with regards to access to innovation grants could not be assumed. This study offers important policy implications and explains how firms in new industries can increase their likelihood of accessing a grant and how CEO gender can moderate the relationship between availability of internal and external funding and securing a new grant.
Social implications
This study implicates and empirically demonstrates that gender bias does not apply in fundraising for innovation in new industries. As female CEOs represent various firms in different sectors, this may be an important signal for investors in new product development and innovation policies targeting gender bias and inclusion.
Originality/value
The authors draw on female entrepreneurship and feminist literature to demonstrate how various sources of financing and gender change the likelihood of grant funding in both the short and long run. This is the first empirical study which aims to explain how various internal and external sources of finance change the propensity of securing an innovation grant in new industries
Entrepreneurship Education: A Global Consideration From Practice to Policy Around the World
As entrepreneurship continues to gain momentum and visibility as an engine of global economic development, it is critical to understand and optimize the role that entrepreneurship education plays.
Based on a detailed review of the literature on the entrepreneurship education ecosystems and frameworks in the United States, China, Finland, and Qatar, this report identifies the current state of entrepreneurship education and training around the world, and establishes an inventory of best practices. The discussion of common themes across the four country cases, as well as examples of unique in-country qualities, provides recommendations and implications on which policy makers can act and experiment
Women\u27s Entrepreneurship Report 2018/2019
This year marks the 20th anniversary of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) conducting entrepreneurship research in economies around the world through a system of rigorous data collection, extensive analysis, and widespread dissemination of results. Studies on women’s participation in entrepreneurial behaviors have long been a part of this project, with reports developed approximately every two years. The 2018/2019 report provides analysis from 59 economies, aggregating data from two GEM data collection cycles: 10 economies reporting in 2017 and 49 reporting in 2018. For the purpose of analysis and to allow for comparisons, these countries are grouped into three levels of national income (adapted from the World Bank classification by GNI per capita)1 and six geographic regions: East and South Asia and Pacific, Europe and Central Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, Middle East and North Africa, North America, and sub-Saharan Africa. A total of 54 economies were surveyed in the GEM Women’s Entrepreneurship 2016/2017 Report and in this report, providing the basis for calculation of rate changes between the two reports
Why Hurry? The Slow Process of High Growth in Women-Owned Businesses in a Resource-Scarce Context
This article critically uncovers how embeddedness within a resource-scarce context influences high-growth women’s entrepreneurship. Research suggests that though highly embedded women entrepreneurs can easily access resources and attain legitimacy, resulting in high-growth businesses, they can also become locked into existing systems that constrain their growth development paths. Using 16 qualitative cases developed in Cameroon, we unpack and resolve this paradox by analyzing how entrepreneurial path creation by women entrepreneurs enables the realization of growth aspirations. Implications for initiatives to support high-growth women’s entrepreneurship in resource-scarce contexts are critically examined
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