49 research outputs found

    Robert Gray, The Factory Question and Industrial England, 1830-1860

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    Teixint la ciutat fàbrica: la formació de la primera Manchester catalana

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    Migracions i cicle familiar a Sabadell al segle XIX

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    Robert Gray, The Factory Question and Industrial England, 1830-1860

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    Trabajo infantil y estrategias familiares durante los primeros estadios de la industrialización catalana (1850-1925): Esbozos a partir del estudio de un caso

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    Este artículo analiza las razones que explican un uso intensivo de trabajo infantil durante el siglo XIX y su posterior disminución durante el primer tercio del siglo XX, en el contexto de una economía con una oferta muy elástica de trabajo como la catalana. Durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX factores unidos a las economías familiares como son el elevado número de hijos y los bajos salarios de los adultos, así como las tecnologías al uso que demandaban capital humano manual, parecen estar detrás de un uso intensivo de trabajo infantil en detrimento de la escolarización. El cambio tecnológico durante el primer tercio del siglo XX, la transición demográfica, y el aumento de los ingresos de los adultos (varones y mujeres) están detrás de la escolarización de los niños hasta los 15 años de edad y por lo tanto de la práctica abolición del trabajo infantil en este nuevo período de modernización económica.This article aims to analyse child labour in Catalonia from the 19th century to the first third of the past century. It is argued that during the second half of the 19th century, several factors pertaining to household economics ¿such as large number of children to raise and low wages for adult workers¿ together with the need of manual human capital for running technologies were operating against effective implementation of schooling and compelled the intensive use of child labour. During the first third of the 20th century, however, technological changes, the demographic transition and higher wages for adult workers (men and women) allowed children... (Ver más) to attend school until the age of 15, signalling a period of significant decrease of children¿s participation in labour activities

    EURASIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCE GENDER BIAS AND CHILD LABOR: SPAIN, LATIN AMERICA AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES FROM A LONG-TERM COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE

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    Abstract In this paper, several historical scenarios are compared, each very different to the each other in both institutional and geographical terms. What they have in common is the relative poverty of part of the population. This approach allows combining micro historical analysis (in the Catalan case) with a macro comparative approach in developing countries. Through these micro historical and macro regression analyses we obtain the result that adult women's skills and real wages are a key factor when we wish to explain the patterns of child labor. While female real wages increased sharply in 19th century Catalonia, we obtain very different results in the case of developing countries. This gender bias is identified as one of the very significant effects of human capital which held by women and helps to explain why in some cases children continue to work and also why some parts of the world continue to be poor according to our regression analysis
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