La generalización es necesaria o incluso inevitable

The problems of geometry and mechanics have driven forward the generalization of the concepts of number and function. This shows how application and generalization together prevent that mathematics becomes a mere formalism. Thoughts are signs and signs have meaning within a certain context. Meaning is a function of a term: This function produces a pattern. Algebra or modern axiomatic come to mind, as examples. However, strictly formalistic mathematics did not pay sufficient attention to the fact that modern axiomatic theories require a complementary element, in terms of intended applications or models, not to end up in a merely formal game.Los problemas de geometría y mecánica han motivado la generalización de los conceptos de número y función. Esto muestra cómo la aplicación y la generalización previenen que las matemáticas sean un mero formalismo. Los pensamientos son signos y los signos tienen un significado dentro de un cierto contexto. El significado es una función de un término: esta función produce un patrón. El álgebra o la moderna axiomática vienen a la mente como ejemplos. Sin embargo, las matemáticas estrictamente formales no prestaron suficiente atención al hecho de que las teorías axiomáticas modernas requieren un elemento complementario, en términos de aplicaciones intencionadas o modelos, para no terminar en un juego meramente formal

Assessment of potential prebiotic activity of pineapple by-products (peels and stems) extracts and maintenance of bioavailability through in vitro gastrointestinal tract system

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Geographic Distribution, Key Challenges and Prospects for the Conservation of Threatened Stingless Bee Melipona capixaba Moure e Camargo (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

The stingless bee Melipona capixaba Moure and Camargo, 1994 is endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Its occurrence is restricted to highlands in the Espírito Santo State, and it has possibly the smallest known geographic distribution among the cataloged stingless bees. It is therefore considered to be an endangered species. Perhaps because of its small area of occurrence, or because it was only identified two decades ago, little is known about the biology of this species, its current geographic distribution, or its actual preservation status. Here, we present the results from the largest sampling of M. capixaba conducted in its natural habitat. We developed a distribution map by using a geographic information system. Our data indicate that M. capixaba is found in the municipalities of Espírito Santo State at altitudes between 800 m and 1,200 m; with annual average temperatures around 18–23°C; precipitation more than 1,200 mm per year; and vegetation cover-type Mountain Dense Ombrophylous Forest, restricted to an area of approximately 3,450 km2. We observed colonies both in their natural habitat and under conditions of ex situ maintenance, and identified the key challenges and prospects for the conservation of this endangered bee

Probabilidade nos anos iniciais da educação básica: contribuições de um programa de ensino

Este trabalho discute questões sobre o ensino de probabilidade nos anos inicias da educação básica quando da realização de uma mesa redonda sobre probabilidade no 1º encontro de estatística, probabilidade e combinatória nos anos iniciais – Encepai. Em um primeiro momento, discorremos sobre as diretrizes apontadas pela literatura atual com respeito ao ensino e à aprendizagem da probabilidade nesta etapa de escolaridade, incluindo observações do que propõe a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) atualmente em processo de implementação no Brasil. Seguidamente, apresentamos e discutimos cinco atividades que integram um programa de ensino sobre probabilidade e risco desenvolvido por Bryant e Nunes (2012). Considerando melhorar a formação de professores, é preciso ter em pauta propostas de inovação curriculares que envolvam o estudo das noções sobre probabilidade – desde as ideias sobre aleatoriedade, perpassando pelos conceitos de espaço amostral e quantificação de probabilidades, até a noção de risco. Esse rol de atividades coaduna em contribuir com abordagens significativas em sala de aula tendo em vista uma construção processual do conhecimento probabilístico nos anos iniciais da educação básica

A Review of the Challenges of Using Deep Learning Algorithms to Support Decision-Making in Agricultural Activities

Deep Learning has been successfully applied to image recognition, speech recognition, and natural language processing in recent years. Therefore, there has been an incentive to apply it in other fields as well. The field of agriculture is one of the most important fields in which the application of deep learning still needs to be explored, as it has a direct impact on human well-being. In particular, there is a need to explore how deep learning models can be used as a tool for optimal planting, land use, yield improvement, production/disease/pest control, and other activities. The vast amount of data received from sensors in smart farms makes it possible to use deep learning as a model for decision-making in this field. In agriculture, no two environments are exactly alike, which makes testing, validating, and successfully implementing such technologies much more complex than in most other industries. This paper reviews some recent scientific developments in the field of deep learning that have been applied to agriculture, and highlights some challenges and potential solutions using deep learning algorithms in agriculture. The results in this paper indicate that by employing new methods from deep learning, higher performance in terms of accuracy and lower inference time can be achieved, and the models can be made useful in real-world applications. Finally, some opportunities for future research in this area are suggested.This work is supported by the R&D Project BioDAgro—Sistema operacional inteligente de informação e suporte á decisão em AgroBiodiversidade, project PD20-00011, promoted by Fundação La Caixa and Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, taking place at the C-MAST-Centre for Mechanical and Aerospace Sciences and Technology, Department of Electromechanical Engineering of the University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Lipidomic approach of the biological activity of tacrine and two tacrine-analogues on non-synaptic rat brain mitochondria

Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), FEDER and COMPET

Towards sustainable agriculture: A critical analysis of agrobiodiversity assessment methods and recommendations for effective implementation

Agriculture intensification has driven the loss of biodiversity at a global level. The imple- mentation of strategies to conserve and promote biodiversity in agricultural areas can be favoured by adequate assessment methods that foster the awareness of decision makers about the impact of management practices. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of assessment methods of the overall biodiversity in agricultural systems, focusing on the quantitative methods applied, indicators of biodiversity, and functionalities. It was concluded that compensation effects and difficulties in in- terpretation are associated with currently common methodologies of composite indicator calculation to assess biodiversity performance. This review allowed for the identification and critical analysis of current methodologies for biodiversity assessments in the agricultural sector, and it highlighted the need for more implementation-oriented approaches. By providing recommendations on what should be considered when formulating biodiversity assessment methods, this study can contribute to the formulation of appropriate assessment frameworks for agricultural management policies and strategies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Agricultural practices for biodiversity enhancement: evidence and recommendations for the viticultural sector

Agricultural expansion and intensification worldwide has caused a reduction in ecological infrastructures for insects, herbaceous plants, and vertebrate insectivores, among other organisms. Agriculture is recognized as one of the key influences in biodiversity decline, and initiatives such as the European Green Deal highlight the need to reduce ecosystem degradation. Among fruit crops, grapes are considered one of the most intensive agricultural systems with the greatest economic relevance. This study presents a compilation of management practices to enhance biodiversity performance, which applies generally to the agricultural sector and, in particular, to viticulture, concerning the diversity of plants, semi-natural habitats, soil management, and the chemical control strategies and pesticides used in agricultural cultivation. Through a critical review, this study identifies a set of recommendations for biodiversity performance and their corresponding effects, contributing to the dissemination of management options to boost biodiversity performance. The results highlight opportunities for future investigations in determining the needed conditions to ensure both biodiversity enhancement and productive gains, and understanding the long-term effects of innovative biodiversity-friendly approaches.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio