Diseño de una aplicación para minimizar el desperdicio de concreto en edificaciones estrato 1 y 2

Trabajo de gradoLos desperdicios de materiales siempre han sido un factor importante en la pérdida de recursos económicos en cualquier tipo de obra, estos son generados por los malos procesos establecidos por el personal que ejecuta cada actividad. Este personal, en obras pequeñas de estrato 1 y 2 no tiene la adecuada capacitación para el manejo de una obra, ya que en la mayoría de oportunidades se realizan las labores de control de una forma empírica y sin contar con unos procesos adecuados, todo esto sumado a la falta de acompañamiento por parte de un profesional de la construcción, crea un ambiente de inestabilidad en este tipo de construcciones, tanto en el campo de la dosificación adecuada de concretos, como en el manejo y disposición de residuos de construcción.INTRODUCCIÓN GENERALIDADES LINEA DE INVESTIGACION PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA JUSTIFICACION HIPOTESIS OBJETIVOS MARCO DE REFERENCIA METODOLOGIA CONCLUSIONES REFERENCIAS APÉNDICESEspecializaciónEspecialista en Gerencia de Obras CivilesGestión de calidad en la vivienda económica como una fórmula de inclusión socia

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

De los saberes de la emancipación y de la dominación

No hay dominante sin dominado, ni proceso de dominación sin resistencias. A las estrategias, modalidades y mecanismos diseñados por los dominadores de todos los tiempos corresponde una plétora de expresiones, acciones, estrategias y proyectos políticos de quienes se resisten a ser dominados. Las relaciones de poder que condensan el proceso de expansión planetaria del capitalismo, cuyo último gran triunfo fue la caída del socialismo real, han ido abarcando todas las dimensiones de construcción de societalidad. El poder no se impone sólo y a veces ni principalmente- por medios brutales de coacción física: transita significativamente por la construcción simbólica de las interpretaciones del mundo. Se instala en las mentes colectivas y las individualiza; en los imaginarios sociales desbaratándolos y produciendo imágenes que ocuparán su lugar; invade los cuerpos internalizando una visión del mundo producida, extranjera, presentándose a la vez como biopoder y cosmopoder. La idea de un mundo sin tanques o sin cuerpos de seguridad se va volviendo disparatada. Las cosmovisiones del poder se imponen por bombardeo sistemático a través de los medios y de la producción de sentidos comunes. Las formas de control y disciplinamiento se van sofisticando hasta volverse tan sutiles que aparecen como autoconciencia. Penetrar esa sofisticación para aprehender los mecanismos y las lógicas del poder, para construir un mundo sin imposiciones, sin discriminaciones, sin explotación y sin otredades forma parte del proceso emancipatorio. Todo proceso se construye acumulando saberes. Y la sabiduría de los pueblos lleva al conocimiento de los límites, de los riesgos, de los daños, de las maneras de superar obstáculos o peligros. No hay emancipación posible sin conocimiento.INDICE Presentación | 9 Ana Esther Ceceña De saberes y emancipaciones | 15 Carlos Walter Porto-Gonçalves De saberes e de territórios: diversidade e emancipação a partir da experiência latino-americana | 37 Guillermo Castro H. Nota para una historia del pensar de los latinoamericanos | 53 Raúl Zibechi Ecos del subsuelo: resistencia y política desde el sótano | 71 Luis Tapia La reforma del sentido común en la dominación neoliberal y en la constitución de nuevos bloques históricos nacional-populares | 101 Jaime Estay R. El discurso y la práctica librecambistas: sus efectos en América Latina | 115 Raúl Ornelas Saberes de la dominación. Panorama de las empresas transnacionales en América Latina. Agenda de investigación | 137 Claudia Korol La subversión del sentido común y los saberes de la resistencia | 177 Juan Guillermo Ferro M. ¿Será que tienen la clave? La política de la diferencia y la política hacia la igualdad en el movimiento indígena Nasa (Paez) de Colombia | 193 Jaime Caycedo Procesos emancipatorios en condiciones complejas: la lucha por la unidad popular en Colombia | 217 Jaime Zuluaga Nieto La libertad y la democracia como instrumentos de dominación | 239 Manuel Guerrero Antequera Tras el exceso de la sociedad: emancipación y disciplinamiento en el Chile actual | 26

Pacto Nacional por la Innovación Tecnológica

Se expone en este documento el Pacto Nacional por la Innovación Tecnológica, el cual busca promover la generación de una gran dinámica para el fortalecimiento de capacidades sociales, el enriquecimiento intelectual y la tolerancia política en los procesos de toma de decisiones, umbrales suficientes de infraestructura científica y tecnológica, respeto por el conocimiento tradicional, la apropiación social de la ciencia y el fortalecimiento de una motivación colectiva por la tecnologí

Biodiversidad 2015. Estado y tendencias de la biodiversidad continental de Colombia

El propósito de este documento es fortalecer la capacidad de agentes públicos y privados para la aplicación de la PNGIBSE, que constituye en sí misma una apuesta de interfaz entre ciencia, política y sociedad en la perspectiva de construir sostenibilidad en el desarrollo. Además de ello, representa un insumo para el seguimiento a los compromisos del país frente a convenios e iniciativas internacionales (CDB, IPBES, OCDE), así como un mecanismo pedagógico para generar interés, conciencia y apropiación de las diferentes dimensiones de la biodiversidad del país.Bogotá, D. C., ColombiaInstituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldtreporte.humboldt.org.coreporte.humboldt.org.co/biodiversidad/en

ENGIU: Encuentro Nacional de Grupos de Investigación de UNIMINUTO.

El desarrollo del prototipo para el sistema de detección de Mina Antipersona (MAP), inicia desde el semillero ADSSOF perteneciente al programa de Administración en Seguridad y Salud en el trabajo de la UNIMINUTO, se realiza a partir de un detector de metales que emite una señal audible, que el usuario puede interpretar como aviso de presencia de un objeto metálico, en este caso una MAP. La señal audible se interpreta como un dato, como ese dato no es perceptible a 5 metros de distancia, se implementa el transmisor de Frecuencia Modulada FM por la facilidad de modulación y la escogencia de frecuencia de transmisión de acuerdo con las normas y resolución del Ministerio de Comunicaciones; de manera que esta sea la plataforma base para enviar los datos obtenidos a una frecuencia establecida. La idea es que el ser humano no explore zonas peligrosas y buscar la forma de crear un sistema que permita eliminar ese riesgo, por otro lado, buscar la facilidad de uso de elementos ya disponibles en el mercado

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care