Comparación de la eficacia de distintos productos químicos aplicados mediante tratamiento aéreo en el control del muérdago (Viscum album) sobre Pinus halepensis

El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar la eficacia de diversos productos químicos en el control del muérdago (Viscum album var austriacum) sobre Pinus halepensis. La experiencia consistió en la aplicación mediante tratamiento aéreo de diversas concentraciones de etefon, ácido giberélico y glifosato. Las combinaciones de ácido giberélico y glifosato obtuvieron las mayores eficacias, especialmente la que aplicó 7,8 g/ha de ácido giberélico y 540 g/ha de glifosato.The aim of this work was to compare the effectiveness of several products (such as ethephon, giberelic acid and glyphosate) in the chemical control of mistletoe {Viscum album var austriacum) on Pinus halepensis. The experiment consisted in applying various concentrations of these products by aerial treatment. The combinations of giberelic acid and glyphosate appeared to be the most effective treatments, especially the treatment that applied giberelic acid - 7,8 g/ha and glyphosate - 540 g/ha

Enzymatic method of producing 4-O- β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-xylose, 4-O- β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-xylose obtained using said method, compositions containing said and the use thereof in evaluating intestinal lactase

Filing Date: 2002-06-14.-- Priority Data: ES 200101419 (2001-06-18).-- International Publication Number: WO_2002103038 (20021227).An enzymatic process to obtain 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-xylose useful in compositions or solutions in the in vivo evaluation of intestinal lactose activity in humans, that comprises the steps of preparing a reaction mixture of D-xylose, a β-D-galactopyranoside and a reaction medium that comprises water buffered to a pH between 5.0 and 9.0; adding 10 to 1,000 units of β-D-galactosidase per gram of β-D-galactopyranoside; subjecting the reaction mixture to a reaction or a temperature between a temperature higher than the freezing point of the reaction mixture and 45ºC, for 2 to 48 hours; for the reaction by deactivation of the β-D-galactosidase; and to isolate and crystallize the fractions that contain 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-xylose from a crystallization mixture selected between mixtures of acetone/methanol in a ratio between 5/1 to 20/1 and mixtures of acetone/water in a ratio between 5/1 to 20/1

“Tourism, water, and gender”—An international review of an unexplored nexus

This international literature review of the tourism–water nexus identifies a gender gap. Tourism development can affect water supply both quantitatively and qualitatively. Many regions will face considerable problems of water availability and quality, affecting their tourism sector and increasing competition with local residents, and other industries especially agriculture. This international review of literature explores the tourism–water nexus, comparing and contrasting literature published in English, Chinese, and Spanish. Securing access to safe water for continued tourism development is a common theme and the vast majority of work has focused on hotels including water pricing, water-saving practices and innovative management methods. In all continents, struggles are apparent, and the unsustainability of tourism is having impacts on water quantity and quality. This article identifies significant gaps in the literature including climate change, the energy-water nexus, and the links with the Sustainable Development Goals. Furthermore, studies from a gendered perspective are minimal and the potential for areas of further gendered studies within the tourism–water nexus are highlighted including intersectionality, water insecurity and sanitation, tourism and gender based violence, and additional unpaid care work

Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism combination pattern of the Klotho gene with non-cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an elevated risk of all-cause mortality, with cardiovascular death being extensively investigated. However, non-cardiovascular mortality represents the biggest percentage, showing an evident increase in recent years. Klotho is a gene highly expressed in the kidney, with a clear influence on lifespan. Low levels of Klotho have been linked to CKD progression and adverse outcomes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Klotho gene have been associated with several diseases, but studies investigating the association of Klotho SNPs with noncardiovascular death in CKD populations are lacking. The main aim of this study was to assess whether 11 Klotho SNPs were associated with non-cardiovascular death in a subpopulation of the National Observatory of Atherosclerosis in Nephrology (NEFRONA) study (n ¼ 2185 CKD patients). After 48 months of follow-up, 62 cardiovascular deaths and 108 non-cardiovascular deaths were recorded. We identified a high non-cardiovascular death risk combination of SNPs corresponding to individuals carrying the most frequent allele (G) at rs562020, the rare allele (C) at rs2283368 and homozygotes for the rare allele (G) at rs2320762 (rs562020 GG/AG þ rs2283368 CC/CT þ rs2320762 GG). Among the patients with the three SNPs genotyped (n ¼ 1016), 75 (7.4%) showed this combination. Furthermore, 95 (9.3%) patients showed a low-risk combination carrying all the opposite genotypes (rs562020 AA þ rs2283368 TT þ rs2320762 GT/TT). All the other combinations [n ¼ 846 (83.3%)] were considered as normal risk. Using competing risk regression analysis, we confirmed that the proposed combinations are independently associated with a higher fhazard ratio [HR] 3.28 [confidence interval (CI) 1.51-7.12]g and lower [HR 6 × 10- (95% CI 3.3 × 10--1.1 × 10-)] risk of suffering a non-cardiovascular death in the CKD population of the NEFRONA cohort compared with patients with the normal-risk combination. Determination of three SNPs of the Klotho gene could help in the prediction of non-cardiovascular death in CKD

Association of candidate gene polymorphisms with chronic kidney disease : Results of a case-control analysis in the NEFRONA cohort

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk factor for end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular disease and premature death. Despite classical clinical risk factors for CKD and some genetic risk factors have been identified, the residual risk observed in prediction models is still high. Therefore, new risk factors need to be identified in order to better predict the risk of CKD in the population. Here, we analyzed the genetic association of 79 SNPs of proteins associated with mineral metabolism disturbances with CKD in a cohort that includes 2,445 CKD cases and 559 controls. Genotyping was performed with matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. We used logistic regression models considering different genetic inheritance models to assess the association of the SNPs with the prevalence of CKD, adjusting for known risk factors. Eight SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs2238135, rs1800247, rs385564, rs4236, rs2248359, and rs1564858) were associated with CKD even after adjusting by sex, age and race. A model containing five of these SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs1800247, rs4236, and rs2248359), diabetes and hypertension showed better performance than models considering only clinical risk factors, significantly increasing the area under the curve of the model without polymorphisms. Furthermore, one of the SNPs (the rs2248359) showed an interaction with hypertension, being the risk genotype affecting only hypertensive patients. We conclude that 5 SNPs related to proteins implicated in mineral metabolism disturbances (Osteopontin, osteocalcin, matrix gla protein, matrix metalloprotease 3 and 24 hydroxylase) are associated to an increased risk of suffering CKD

Un procedimiento enzimatico para obtener 4-O-ß-D-galactopiranosil-D-xilosa, 4-O-ß-D-galactopiranosil-D-xilosa obtenida de acuerdo con el procedimiento, composiciones que la contienen y su uso en la evaluación de la lactasa intestinal

Traducción de Patente Europea E02740774 (fecha de solicitud, 14/06/2002).-- Prioridad: ES20010618200101419.-- Titulares: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM).La presente invención está comprendida en el campo de los procedimientos para obtener compuestos, concretamente disacáridos útiles en los métodos de evaluación incruentos de la actividad lactasa intestinal.Peer reviewe

Nota sobre el seguimiento del tortrícido Epinotia subsequana Hw ., minador en acículas de abeto e indicaciones sobre su ciclo bilógico y desarrollo

En el año 1994 se encontraron daños en abetares del Pirineo aragonés producidos por una oruga minadora que no estaba citada en España. Se trata del tortrícido Epinotia subsequana Hw. Se hace un pequeño seguimiento durante el año 1997 para conocer algo sobre el ciclo biológico y comportamiento de este insect

A novel redox-sensing histidine kinase that controls carbon catabolite repression in Azoarcus sp. CIB

16 p.-8 fig.-1 tab.We have identified and characterized the AccS multidomain sensor kinase that mediates the activation of the AccR master regulator involved in carbon catabolite repression (CCR) of the anaerobic catabolism of aromatic compounds in Azoarcus sp. CIB. A truncated AccS protein that contains only the soluble C-terminal autokinase module (AccS′) accounts for the succinate-dependent CCR control. In vitro assays with purified AccS′ revealed its autophosphorylation, phosphotransfer from AccS′∼P to the Asp60 residue of AccR, and the phosphatase activity toward its phosphorylated response regulator, indicating that the equilibrium between the kinase and phosphatase activities of AccS′ may control the phosphorylation state of the AccR transcriptional regulator. Oxidized quinones, e.g., ubiquinone 0 and menadione, switched the AccS′ autokinase activity off, and three conserved Cys residues, which are not essential for catalysis, are involved in such inhibition. Thiol oxidation by quinones caused a change in the oligomeric state of the AccS′ dimer resulting in the formation of an inactive monomer. This thiol-based redox switch is tuned by the cellular energy state, which can change depending on the carbon source that the cells are using. This work expands the functional diversity of redox-sensitive sensor kinases, showing that they can control new bacterial processes such as CCR of the anaerobic catabolism of aromatic compounds. The AccSR two-component system is conserved in the genomes of some betaproteobacteria, where it might play a more general role in controlling the global metabolic state according to carbon availability.This work was supported by grants BIO2016-79736-R and PCIN-2014-113 from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain; by a grant of Fundación Ramón-Areces XVII CN; by grant CSIC 2016 2 0E 093 from the CSIC; and by European Union H2020 grant 760994.Peer reviewe