Diagnose écologique du lac des Huit Milles, Zec Casault

Une diagnose a été réalisée au lac des Huit Milles de la ZEC Casault en septembre 2007. Le but était de documenter la situation du lac en ce qui a trait à son potentiel salmonicole et de mettre à jour les connaissances sur la qualité du plan d’eau. Les données bathymétriques, morphométriques et physico-chimique, ainsi que la caractérisation des sites potentiels de fraie, l’inventaire ichtyologique et les informations sur l’exploitation par la pêche sportive ont été récoltés. L’ensemble de ces données a permis de mettre en lumière la situation exceptionnelle du lac à l’étude. Le rendement en ombles de fontaine (Salvelinus fontinalis) du lac des Huit Milles est en effet exemplaire. Les conditions abiotiques et biologiques du plan d’eau lui semblent en effet favorables. Certaines recommandations ont été émises afin de maximiser et conserver le fort potentiel halieutique du lac

Antiretroviral-Related Adipocyte Dysfunction and Lipodystrophy in HIV-Infected Patients: Alteration of the PPARγ-Dependent Pathways

Lipodystrophy and metabolic alterations are major complications of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients. In vitro studies using cultured murine and human adipocytes revealed that some protease inhibitors (PIs) and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) were implicated to a different extent in adipose cell dysfunction and that a chronic incubation with some PIs decreased mRNA and protein expression of PPARγ. Defective lamin A maturation linked to PI inhibitory activity could impede the nuclear translocation of SREBP1c, therefore, reducing PPARγ expression. Adipose cell function was partially restored by the PPARγ agonists, thiazolidinediones. Adverse effects of PIs and NRTIs have also been reported in macrophages, a cell type that coexists with, and modulates, adipocyte function in fat tissue. In HIV-infected patients under ART, a decreased expression of PPARγ and of PPARγ-related genes was observed in adipose tissue, these anomalies being more severe in patients with ART-induced lipoatrophy. Altered PPARγ expression was reversed in patients stopping PIs. Treatment of patients with agonists of PPARγ could improve, at least partially, the subcutaneous lipoatrophy. These data indicate that decreased PPARγ expression and PPARγ-related function, resulting from ART-induced adipose tissue toxicity, play a central role in HIV-related lipoatrophy and metabolic consequences

Infections liées aux mycobactéries du complexe abscessus diagnostiquées chez les patients mucoviscidosiques suivis au CHU de Rouen entre 2004 et 2012

Les mycobactéries du complexe abscessus sont fréquemment impliquées dans les infections respiratoires à mycobactéries non tuberculeuses chez les patients atteints de mucoviscidose. Ces bactéries sont difficiles à identifier de façon fiable au rang d'espèce. Par ailleurs, les mycobactéries du complexe abscessus sont résistantes à haut niveau à de nombreux antibiotiques. Malgré un traitement lourd et agressif, l'éradication de celles-ci est rare. Le laboratoire de microbiologie est confronté à des difficultés pour isoler les mycobactéries non tuberculeuses des prélèvements respiratoires des patients mucoviscidosiques. Notre étude montre qu'une double décontamination associée à l'ensemencement des prélèvements sur milieu Cepaciae permet probablement d'améliorer l'isolement des mycobactéries non tuberculeuses. L'étude rétrospective des dossiers cliniques des patients suivis au CRCM de Rouen de 2004 à 2011 et colonisés/infectés par une mycobactérie non tuberculeuse montre une prédominance des mycobactéries du complexe abscessus par rapport aux mycobactéries du complexe avium-intracellulare.ROUEN-BU Médecine-Pharmacie (765402102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Les lipodystrophies secondaires aux traitements antirétroviraux de l’infection par le VIH

Les traitements antirétroviraux de l’infection par le VIH sont responsables d’effets secondaires parfois sévères qui touchent en priorité le tissu adipeux, modifiant sa localisation (lipodystrophie avec lipoatrophie périphérique et hypertrophie centrale) et les paramètres du métabolisme glucido-lipidique (dyslipidémie, diabète). Les deux principales classes thérapeutiques, inhibiteurs de protéase et analogues nucléosidiques, sont délétères sur ces paramètres par des mécanismes différents mais qui convergent sur le tissu adipeux. Certaines des molécules de ces deux classes modifient profondément sa différenciation, son métabolisme, sa fonction mitochondriale et l’équilibre des hormones (leptine, adiponectine) et cytokines (TNFα, IL-6) qu’il sécrète. Ce syndrome de lipodystrophie induit un risque cardiovasculaire et de stéatohépatite grevant le pronostic vital. Le traitement reste difficile chez les patients atteints et privilégie le remplacement des molécules les plus délétères par des molécules antirétrovirales plus récentes et moins agressives sur le tissu adipeux.HIV infection requires the continuous administration of antiretroviral molecules. Individual molecules belonging to the two main classes, protease inhibitors (PIs) and nucleoside analogues inhibitors of the viral reverse transcriptase (NRTIs) have been shown to be involved in deleterious side effects collectively called the lipodystrophy syndrome. This syndrome associates altered body fat repartition (peripheral lipoatrophy and visceral fat hypertrophy) and metabolic alterations (dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and diabetes). The pathophysiology of these alterations is complex but different studies argue for adipose tissue being a target of some PIs and NRTIs acting through different mechanisms. NRTIs are able to induce mitochondrial dysfonction and to modify adipocyte phenotype and adipose tissue pattern of secretion of cytokines (TNFα, IL-6) and other adipokines (adiponectin, leptin) probably through the production of reactive oxygen species. Some PIs also act on adipocyte, alter its differentiation and insulin sensitivity and also the pattern of secretion of adipokines by adipose tissue. These hypotheses could explain the loss of adipose tissue, while the mechanisms of visceral fat hypertrophy remain speculative. Since some adipokines and the free fatty acids released by adipocytes play a major role in the control of liver and muscles insulin sensitivity, these alterations are probably involved in the metabolic alterations seen in the patients. In addition, lipodystrophic adipose tissue could be involved in the increased lesions of atherogenesis and steatohepatitis presented by these patients. The treatment of lipodystrophy remains difficult and, at present, privileges the switch of the more deleterious drugs towards new molecules less aggressive for adipose tissue

Identification des Pseudomonas sp. par spectrométrie de masse type MALDI-TOF

International audienc

Cystites : l'antibiorésistance est très dépendante du terrain

International audienc

HIV-associated lipodystrophy: from fat injury to premature aging

Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) against HIV infection dramatically reduces AIDS-related morbidity. However, many patients under cART display HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Moreover, some develop early agerelated comorbidities. Thymidine analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (tRNTIs) are mainly responsible for peripheral lipoatrophy, and protease inhibitors (PIs) for fat hypertrophy and metabolic complications. Longterm HIV infection probably also causes fat alterations. Severe mitochondrial toxicity and oxidative stress cause lipoatrophy, whereas the hypertrophy of upper body fat depots could result from mild oxidative stress, cortisol activation and inflammation. The metabolic complications associated with lipodystrophy are responsible for increased cardiovascular and hepatic risks and could also participate in premature aging. We propose that adipose tissue injury by HIV and cART induces fat hypertrophy or atrophy and contributes to premature aging

La carte Vitale permet de prédire l'antibiorésistance à l'échelon individuel

International audienc

Cyberbullying victimization and substance use among Quebec high schools students : the mediating role of psychological distress

Cyberbullying has become a significant public health issue among youth and is associated with numerous mental health problems. While the majority of studies explored its mental consequences using cross-sectional design, this article aims to investigate direct and indirect links between cybervictimization, psychological distress and substance use among youth, using a longitudinal design. From the representative sample of the Quebec Youth Romantic Relationships Survey, 1 540 students aged 14-20 years participated in 3 Waves. A mediated model was used to investigate direct and indirect links between cybervictimization, controlling for exposure to interparental violence, measured at Wave 1, psychological distress at Wave 2, and substance use at Wave 3 (alcohol, marijuana and other drugs). Findings revealed that cyberbullying victims (18.14%, 10.03%, 1.95% respectively for alcohol, cannabis and other drugs) were more likely to consume substances than non-victims (11.37%, 4.95%, 0.8%). They also show that cybervictimization (β = 1.41, p < .001), exposure to interparental violence (β = .08, p < .001) and being a girl (β = -3.78, p < .001) were significantly associated to psychological distress. Psychological distress was found to partially mediate the association between cyberbullying victimization and later substance use. By highlighting the role of psychological distress in the association between cyberbullying and substance use, these results are relevant for prevention and treatment for victims. Indeed, findings from this study underline the need to focus primarily on psychological distress among cyberbullying victims, with an emphasis on gender and possible past victimizations such as exposure to interparental violence