Correlation functions of the energy-momentum tensor in SU(2) gauge theory at finite temperature

We calculate correlation functions of the energy-momentum tensor in the vicinity of the deconfinement phase transition of (3+1)-dimensional SU(2) gauge theory and discuss their critical behavior in the vicinity of the second order deconfinement transition. We show that correlation functions of the trace of the energy momentum tensor diverge uniformly at the critical point in proportion to the specific heat singularity. Correlation functions of the pressure, on the other hand, stay finite at the critical point. We discuss the consequences of these findings for the analysis of transport coefficients, in particular the bulk viscosity, in the vicinity of a second order phase transition point.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figure

Germany - mind the gap: understanding public opinion and elite interpretations of EU concerns in Germany

Germany has long been viewed as a country of Europhiles, but recently the country has been displaying signs of growing Euroscepticism. When asked to think about Europe, a sizeable minority of Germans expresses concern over a loss of social security or jobs, a loss of national identity and culture, or Germany's financial contributions to the European Union (EU). German political elites across the left–right spectrum have left these concerns largely unaddressed and continue to advocate for the European project. This raises questions about there being a potential gap between public and elite conceptions of EU fears. Our comparison of survey data on German public opinion with insights from elite interviews with political leaders reveals that there is indeed a gap between public opinion and elite interpretations of the EU. Political decision-makers across the left–right spectrum perceive fears in Germany to be largely generalised, non-concrete and unrelated to evaluations of the EU. However, this is the case for a minority of Germans only. The majority show a pattern of concrete, distinguishable concerns, suggesting that we cannot speak about EU fears in the aggregate. Citizens' levels of anxiety are directly related to their evaluations of Germany’s future strategy in the EU: those who are more worried overall are more likely to want Germany to leave the EU or work towards reducing the EU's powers. While we find citizens' concerns to be dependent on both pragmatic economic evaluations and more emotive variables such as the degree of national and European identification, politicians focus on pragmatic economic evaluations. They underestimate the impact of emotional affiliations as expressed through identity on German public opinion. Given German political elites' limited understanding of the public’s concerns, it is not surprising to find that 3 Germany politicians have difficulties addressing them. Although politicians recognise the importance of representation for citizens' evaluations of the legitimacy of the EU, the measures they suggest remain largely one-dimensional, centred on explaining the EU’s procedures and increasing identification with the EU. Politicians, it seems, struggle to think of measures to improve the EU's problem-solving capacity. In order to close the gap between public and elite conceptions about the EU in Germany, it is crucial to support politicians in their task of understanding and addressing citizens' worries. This requires research and debate on EUrelated concerns, strategies for the transfer of knowledge about their underlying drivers and instruments to facilitate public–elite interaction about the EU as well as a broader range of policy options to address EU concerns across several levels of governance

Modeling the coma of 2060 Chiron

Observations of comet-like activity and a resolved coma have established that 2060 Chiron is a comet. Determinations of its radius range from 65 to 200 km. This unusually large size for a comet suggests that the atmosphere of Chiron is intermediate to the tightly bound, thin atmospheres typical of planets and satellite and the greatly extended atmospheres in free expansion typical of cometary comae. Under certain conditions it may gravitationally bind an atmosphere that is thick compared to its size, while a significant amount of gas escapes to an extensive exosphere. These attributes coupled with reports of sporadic outbursts at large heliocentric distances and the identification of CN in the coma make Chiron a challenging object to model. Simple models of gas production and the dusty coma were recently presented but a general concensus on many basic features has not emerged. Development was begun on a more complete coma model of Chiron. The objectives are to report progress on this model and give the preliminary results for understanding Chiron

A preliminary model of the coma of 2060 Chiron

We have included gravity in our fluid dynamic model with chemical kinetics of dusty comet comae and applied it with two dust sizes to 2060 Chiron. A progress report on the model and preliminary results concerning gas/dust dynamics and chemistry is given

High Energy Density Dielectrics for Symmetric Blumleins

Multilayer, tape cast ceramics are being developed for use in large area, high voltage devices in order to achieve high specific energy densities (\u3e106 J/m3) and physical size reduction. In particular, symmetric Blumleins are desired with the following properties: High voltage hold off (≥ 300 kV) High, nondispersive permittivity: ≈100 to 900 Ability to be fabricated into various shapes and sizes Surface flashover inhibition at the edgeAbility to be triggered by surface flashover switching The compositions being pursued are based on pure BaTiO3 dielectrics. Our approach is to add glass phase additions which result in not only near theoretical densities, but also allow for fabrication of more complex geometries through high temperature creep. Variations in the volume fraction and connectivity of the glassy phase allow for direct control of the permittivity as well as energy density. Structures up to 5 inches in diameter have been fabricated and pulse-tested at field strengths over 300 kV/cm. A strong dependence of breakdown strength and permittivity has been observed and correlated with microstructure and the glass composition. This paper presents the interactive effects of manipulation of these variables

Analysis of the effects of baffles on combustion instability

An analytical model has been developed for predicting the effects of baffles on combustion instability. This model has been developed by coupling an acoustic analysis of the wave motion within baffled chambers with a model for the oscillatory combustion response of a propellant droplet developed by Heidmann. A computer program was developed for numerical solution of the resultant coupled equations. Diagnostic calculations were made to determine the reasons for the improper prediction. These calculations showed that the chosen method of representing the combustion response was a very poor approximation. At the end of the program, attempts were made to minimize this effect but the model still improperly predicts the stability trends. Therefore, it is recommended that additional analysis be done with an improved approximation

Bodyspace at the pub: sexual orientations and organizational space

In this article we argue that sexuality is not only an undercurrent of service environments, but is integral to the way that these workspaces are experienced and negotiated. Through drawing on Sara Ahmed’s (2006a) ‘orientation’ thesis, we develop a concept of ‘bodyspace’ to suggest that individuals understand, shape and make meaning of work spaces through complex sexually-orientated negotiations. Presenting analysis from a study of UK pubs, we explore bodyspace in the lived experience of workplace sexuality through three elements of orientation: background; bodily dwelling; and lines of directionality. Our findings show how organizational spaces afford or mitigate possibilities for particular bodies, which simultaneously shape expectations and experiences of sexuality at work. Bodyspace therefore provides one way of exposing the connection between sexual ‘orientation’ and the lived experience of service sector work

Alternative Sentencing & Strategies for Successful Prisoner Reentry

Nationally, more than two million people are serving time in prison on any given day. Missouri ranks eighth in the nation in terms of imprisonment and has experienced substantial growth in incarceration over the past two decades. The reality of mass incarceration and the accruing cost of corrections have led many states to consider implementing alternatives to traditional incarceration and parole. These alternatives between parole and confinement are often called intermediate sanctions and are intended to provide correctional options that save money and prison beds without introducing risk to public safety. The State of Missouri has made strides in developing sanctions that can serve as an alternative to prison. Section 217.777.1, RSMo, charges the Missouri Department of Corrections with the administration of a community corrections program to encourage the establishment of local sentencing initiatives and correctional alternatives. Among the goals of this legislation and alternative sanctions in general, are to: Promote the accountability of offenders to crime victims, local communities and the state; Increase the use of restitution; Reduce the costs of treatment, punishment and supervision of off enders; and Improve public confidence in the criminal justice system by involving the public in the development of community-based sentencing options for eligible offenders.Includes bibliographical reference

FURTHER IMPLICATION OF MURINE LEUKEMIA-LIKE VIRUS IN THE DISORDERS OF NZB MICE

Further evidence implicating murine leukemia-like virus in the disorders of NZB mice was afforded by a study of antigens associated with murine leukemia virus (MuLV). MuLV group antigens were prevalent in extracts of spleen, kidney, and, to a lesser extent, thymus throughout a substantial portion of the life span of NZB mice as well as in extracts of lymphomas and sarcomas indigenous to the strain. G (Gross) soluble antigen, type-specific antigen, was first detected in plasma of untreated NZB mice at 3 months of age. G soluble antigen production increased thereafter in line with age, with 50% of reactions becoming positive at 5.3 months and 100% at 7 to 9 months. From months 3 to 9, the time-response curve for positive conversion of direct antiglobulin (Coombs) tests in untreated NZB mice corresponded closely to that for G soluble antigen production. Beyond the 9th month, G soluble antigen underwent elimination from the plasma of NZB mice, with positive reactions reduced to 50% at 13.3 months and to 0% at 18 months. G natural antibody was first detected in the serum of NZB mice at about 10 months of age and increased thereafter in line with age. The curves for G antibody production and G soluble antigen elimination bore a reciprocal relation to each other with crossover at 50% response occurring at 13.3 months. Significant proteinuria, a functional manifestation of membranous glomerulonephritis, became increasingly prevalent in female NZB mice as G soluble antigen was eliminated from plasma. Cumulative mortality of female NZB mice, mainly attributable to renal glomerular disease, increased in phase with G antibody production. MuLV group antigens were identified in the glomerular lesions by the immunofluorescence method. Positive conversion of direct antiglobulin tests was significantly delayed by vaccinating baby NZB mice with formaldehyde-inactivated cell-free filtrates of older NZB mouse spleens. The plasmas of vaccinated NZB mice with negative direct antiglobulin reactions at 4 to 7 months were likewise negative when tested for G soluble antigen. The 50% response time for G antibody production in the vaccinated NZB mice occurred at 7.3 months, that is, 6 months earlier than in untreated NZB mice. The collective findings implicate murine leukemia-like virus in the etiology of autoimmune hemolytic disease and membranous glomerulonephritis, as well as malignant lymphoma, of NZB mice and suggest that virus-specified cell-surface and soluble antigen is a factor in the immunopathogenesis of the renal disease and possibly also the autoimmune hemolytic disease

Making votes-at-16 work in Wales

The 2021 Welsh Parliament elections were the first in which 16- and 17-year-olds in Wales were allowed to vote. This presented a unique opportunity to extend the evidence base on experiences and outcomes of the lowering of the voting age from 18 to 16 years. The ‘Making Votes at 16 work in Wales’-project analysed how young people aged 16 and 17 experienced their inclusion in the franchise and the first election in which they were allowed to vote in Wales, with the aim of identifying which support young people aged 16 and 17 need to turn out to vote and what works to mobilise and enhance turnout levels among young people. A detailed overview of the data is attached. The data include 22 transcripts from focus group discussions with 86 young people from all over Wales, some of whom participated in two focus group discussions - one before and one after the election. The second subset of data are 3 files consisting of non-representative pre- and post-election survey data from focus group participants and further young people in Wales, 111 participants in total. Focus group participants joined 60- to 120-minute-long facilitated focus group discussions, conducted virtually, with young people participating via video call and online chat, between April and August 2021, in which they discussed their experience of the election and election campaign as well as their interest in and views of political issues, including of the lowering of the voting age, their attitudes to Welsh politics and governance. A few young people additionally kept election diaries, reacting to prompts from the research team in the leadup to the election and sharing an in-the-moment insight into their election experience; these data consist of 11 files. The research was funded by the UK Democracy Fund, a Joseph Rowntree Reform Trust Ltd initiative